Fatty Acid Profile of Juvenile Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus Complex) from Natural Ecosystems and Aquaculture.

Significant differences in the fatty acid composition of the muscle tissue of juvenile Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the natural habitat (Lake Sobach'e) and aquaculture, as well as juveniles of the anadromous form of char (malma) Salvelinus malma (Walbaum, 1792) from the Avacha River were found. The observed differences between aquaculture and wild juvenile char were associated with different food sources. The muscle tissue of juvenile char from natural habitat was characterized by significantly higher levels of fatty acids-biomarkers of diatoms, as well as biomarkers of marine copepods in the anadromous form. In the fatty acid composition of juvenile char from aquaculture, significantly higher levels of linoleic acid were revealed, as well as long-chain monounsaturated acids, the source of which could be aquaculture feed. The identified differences did not have a significant effect on the content of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in the muscle tissue of juvenile aquaculture and wild char. The content of biochemically valuable omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in juvenile char from natural ecosystems and aquaculture was similar.

Effect of Biocides on the Activity of Extracellular Enzymes Produced by Degrader Fungi from Technical Objects Used in Tropical Climates (Vietnam).

Activity of extracellular enzymes was assessed in 20 strains of microscopic fungi involved in biodegradation of technical objects exploited under tropical climate conditions (Vietnam). It was found that 19 strains possessed catalase activity, 18 strains had phenol oxidase activity, and eight strains had protease activity. The effect of industrial biocides on the activity of these enzymes was also assessed. The biocides Bior-1, Bioneutral A 10, and Bioneutral A 101 were shown to inhibit the enzymatic activity to various extent. All biocides inhibited extracellular catalase activity in most fungal strains studied. The inhibition of protease and phenol oxidase activity of same test strains was less pronounced. The response to biocides varied at the strain level; its characteristics could differ significantly even between strains of the same species. In several cases, it was observed that exposure to biocides resulted in an increase in enzyme activity.

[Resolution of postanoxic encephalopathy in postreanimation disease following pulmonary thromboembolism].

Diagnostics of massive and submassive pumonary thromboembolism sometimes encounters difficulty arising from polymorphism of clinical manifestations, transience of clinical symptoms, severe complications leading to exsanguination of organs and systems, anoxic and dysmetabolic disturbances thereof. The authors report a case of successful resolution of posthypoxic encephalopathy after circulatory, arrest for over 3 minutes with the functional recovery in the late period of postreanimation disease in the absence of an apparent deficit.

[The synthesis and mass spectrometry of oligonucleotides bearing thiophosphoryl modifications of the predetermined localization].

The technique of parallel automated synthesis of oligodeoxynucleotides bearing various local thiophosphoryl internucleotide bonds was optimized using assembling in the standby mode and creation of special program blocks. The selected conditions of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) provided an increase in the method sensitivity (up to 1-10 fmol of oligonucleotide in sample) and registration of reliable spectra of oligodeoxynucleotide thiophosphoryl analogues. This enables to reliably prove the presence of the specified number of thiophosphoryl bonds within synthetic sequences. A series of oligodeoxynucleotides, thioanalogues of d(GGTTGGTGTGGTTGG), a known G-quadruplex antithrombin aptamer, were obtained.

The fowl adenovirus type 1 (CELO) virus-associated RNA-encoding gene: a new ribozyme-expression vector.

A new system for hammerhead ribozyme (Rz) expression was examined in which fowl adenovirus type 1 (CELO) virus-associated RNA (CELO VA RNA) was used as a vector for the incorporation of Rz to target the mRNA of secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) both in vitro and in vivo. The Rz gene was integrated into the CELO VA RNA between the internal promoter boxes A and B; apparently this did not interfere with its transcription. Rz integrated into CELO VA RNA and, lacking the viral sequences, exhibited the same activity in vitro, Consequently, CELO VA RNA sequences did not inhibit the integrated Rz activity in vitro. In vivo experiments were carried out with human 293 cells by co-transfection with plasmids containing Rz and SEAP. Inhibition of enzyme activity was 50% in 48 h. We conclude that CELO VA RNA may be used for effective expression of hammerhead Rz.

Indirect short-term influences of alternating magnetic fields on the brain in epilepsy.

Changes the bioelectrical activity of the cerebral hemispheres were studied in 20 patients with epilepsy and 18 healthy subjects subjected to local alternating magnetic fields (MF) applied to the hand. MF produced increases in epileptic activity in terms of the bioelectrical characteristics of foci and the level of generalization. This suggests that alternating MF can be used to identify the localization of epileptic foci. The most stable changes in response to alternating MF were seen in the posterior parietal parts of the right hemisphere. It is concluded that the effects of alternating MF are produced mainly by processes in the right hemisphere.

[Chemico-enzymatic synthesis of the structural gene of yeast valine tRNA]. / Khimiko-fermentativnyi sintez strukturnogo gena valinovoi tRNK drozhzhei.

Structural gene coding for the yeast tRNA Val1 has been synthesized and cloned in the pBR322 DNA.

[A phased poly-linker for cloning and expression of genes]. / Faziruiushchii polilinker dliia klonirovaniia i ékspressii genov.

15 oligodeoxynucleotides were synthesized using the phosphotriether technique which were subsequently enzymatically ligated in polylinker with subsequent phasing of left and right sides. Based on the phased polylinker a series of vehicles for the gene cloning and expression was constructed. The vectors of pRK series contain all three variants of polylinker with the frame shift of the reading frame for 1, 2, or 3 nucleotides in both chains. The obtained polylinkers do not effect the enzymatic activity of the beta-galactosidase alpha-peptide. Structure of the phased polylinker was confirmed by Maxam and Gilbert's sequencing method.

[In vitro and in vivo study of the activity of secreted alkaline phosphatase mRNA ribozyme gene]. / Issledovanie aktivnosti ribozima KmRNK gena sekretiruemoi shchelochnoi fosfatazy in vitro i in vivo.

A ribozyme was constructed of the catalytic domain of tobacco ringspot virus satellite RNA and flanking sequences complementary to the target, secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) mRNA. The ribozyme specifically cleaved the substrate in vitro; compared with that constant temperature. The relationship between specific endoribonuclease activity of the ribozyme and Mg2+ concentration was shown. The ribozyme was active in 293 cell line which was cotransfected with plasmids carrying the SEAP gene under control of RSV LTR promoter and the ribozyme gene under early HCMV promoter: SEAP activity reduced by half.

[Study of conditions for cleaving bovine leukemia virus RNA in vitro using ribozymes directed against long terminal repeats]. / Izuchenie uslovii rasshchepleniia RNK virusa leikoza korov in vitro ribozimom, napravlennym protiv dlinnykh kontsevykh povtorov.

Ribozyme has been constructed by the oligonucleotide synthesis technique that is capable of splitting bovine leukemia virus (BLV) RNA-substrate in the R-region (358th nucleotide). Ribozyme has been shown to efficiently split the RNA containing R-region of the virus. The efficiency of ribozyme function depends on conditions of the reaction reaching its maximum at 25 degrees C and pH 7.3-7.6. The efficiency of splitting is increased by multiple heating-cooling cycles of the substrate-ribozyme mixture.

[Analysis of RAT2 cells, transformed by the CELO (FAV1) virus, using the polymerase chain reaction]. / Analiz kletok RAT2, transformirovannykh virusom CELO (FAV1), s pomoshch'iu polimeraznoi tsepnoi reaktsii.

DNAs extracted from the RAT2 cells transformed by the CELO virus (strain Phelps) have been analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. Sequences belonging to the left end of the viral genome (according to Ishibashi & Yasue, 1984) were not found in the tested DNAs. On the other hand, the polymerase chain reaction data have revealed the presence of fragments specific of the opposite end. We conclude that this region may have included the genes responsible for cell transformation, at least as far as Phelps viral strain is concerned.

[Visualization of the operative field by adenotome of a new design]. / Vizualizatsiia operatsionnogo polia pri ispol'zovanii adenotoma novoi konstruktsii.

The article describes design characteristics of a new adenotome model for surgery under anesthesia. The results of adenotomy under anesthesia were analysed for 53 patients aged 3 to 14 years made with Beckman's adenotome and the new device. Surgical anatomy of the nasopharynx before the intervention, variants of correlations between adenoid vegetations and other anatomic formations are described. Individual adjustment of the size of the adenotome currete by the distance between Eustachian cushins of the nasopharynx is discussed. The new design of adenotome improves visualization of the operative field during the operation and visual control of the course of surgery.

Significance of methods for purification of oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes for the efficiency of gene diagnosis by real-time PCR.

Analysis of the use of real-time PCR with fluorescent registration of results for gene diagnosis of infectious diseases showed that the sensitivity and reliability of quantitative evaluation of DNA targets directly depended on the method of purification of oligonucleotide probes. Chromatographic behavior of synthetic probes carrying various fluorophores and fluorescence quenchers was analyzed. Approaches to optimization of purification methods are proposed enabling elimination of previously undetectable admixtures. The importance of these studies is explained by the need in extending the armory of methods for the development and production of diagnosticums for detection of infectious and hereditary diseases, identification of genetically modified organisms, and for a wide spectrum of research in molecular biology and medicine.

Sequence of the avian adenovirus FAV 1 (CELO) DNA encoding the hexon-associated protein pVI and hexon.

The genomic region of the avian adenovirus FAV1 (CELO) encoding the precursor to virion structural protein VI (p VI) and the major capsid protein hexon has been sequenced. The 223-unit sequence of the CELO pVI protein has two potential Ad endoproteinase cleavage sites and a conserved C-terminal sequence including the Cys residue supposedly involved in endoproteinase activation. The CELO hexon gene sequence predicts a 942-residue protein (106.7 kDa). Multiple sequence alignment with other six known hexon protein sequences (human, bovine, murine, and avian) reveals high overall homology. The identity is highest in the regions corresponding to the pedestals which from the base of the hexon, and lowest in the regions corresponding to the loops which are exposed on the outer surface of the virion.