[Antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori in the European part of the Russian Federation: first results].

AIM: Determine the primary antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) strains isolated from patients living in the European part of the Russian Federation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: As part of a clinical laboratory study, from 2015 to 2018, 27 gastrobiopsy samples obtained from H. pylori-infected patients were analyzed. H. pylori infection was verified using a rapid urease test or a 13C-urea breath test. The values of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics were determined by the diffusion method using E-test strips (BioMerieux, France) according to the recommendations of the manufacturer. The sensitivity of the isolates was determined for 6 antibacterial drugs (amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, levofloxacin, tetracycline, rifampicin). RESULTS: According to the data obtained, resistance to amoxicillin was 0%, clarithromycin 11.1%, metronidazole 59.3%, levofloxacin 3.7%, tetracycline 0%, and rifampicin 14.8%. Dual resistance to clarithromycin and metronidazole was recorded in two isolates (7.4%). CONCLUSION: Thus, the first results of the evaluation of H. pylori antibiotic resistance in the European part of the Russian Federation indicate a low resistance of the microorganism to clarithromycin and quite high to metronidazole.

[THE CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS OF MICROBIAL FATTY ACIDS IN HUMAN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS AND THEIR CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE].

The technique of mass-spectrometric microbial markers is known for almost 20 years. The technique is described in a number of research publications, dissertations and methodological literature. It passed the registration in Roszdravnadzor and is permitted for implementation as a new medical technology in medical institutions on the territory of the Russian Federation ("The evaluation of microecological human status using technique of mass-spectrometry" license FS No 2010/038 of 24.02.2010). The technique of mass-spectrometric microbial markers began to be developed as instrument of clinical routine analysis and monitoring of microecological status, infection and disbiosises in clinical and out-patient practice. The description of technology of mass- spectrometric microbial markers in this aspect requires different than before approach to introduction of clinical laboratory assistants and physicians into technique application. The substantiation given concerning species specificity of composition of fatty acids and (fatty) aldehydes of cellular wall of microorganisms as a basis of their species differentiation in pure culture. The choice is explained concerning molecular markers for their detection in blood and other clinical material with the purpose of further reconstruction of composition of human microbial cenosis (microecology) on blood or calculation of composition of mixed infection in organs om samples of inflammation focus--urine, liquor, phlegm, exudate, drainage, and similar samples containing chemical information about microbes.

[Specific motifs in the genomes of the family Chlamydiaceae].

Specific motifs in the genomes of the family Chlamydiaceae were discussed. The search for genetic markers ofbacteria identification and typing is an urgent problem. The progress in sequencing technology resulted in compilation of the database of genomic nucleotide sequences of bacteria. This raised the problem of the search and selection of genetic targets for identification and typing in bacterial genes based on comparative analysis of complete genomic sequences. The goal of this work was to implement comparative genetic analysis of different species of the family Chlamydiaceae. This analysis was focused to detection of specific motifs capable of serving as genetic marker of this family. The consensus domains were detected using the Visual Basic for Application software for MS Excel. Complete coincidence of segments 25 nucleotide long was used as the test for consensus domain selection. One complete genomic sequence for each of 8 bacterial species was taken for the experiment. The experimental sample did not contain complete sequence of C. suis, because at the moment of this research this species was absence in the database GenBank. Comparative assay of the sequences of the C. trachomatis and other representatives of the family Chlamydiaceae revealed 41 common motifs for 8 Chlamydiaceae species tested in this work. The maximal number of consensus motifs was observed in genes of ribosomal RNA and t-RNA. In addition to genes of r-RNA and t-RNA consensus motifs were observed in 5 genes and 6 intergene segments. The gene CTL0299, CTLO800, dagA, and hctA consensus motifs detected in this work can be regarded as identification domains of the family Chlamydiaceae.

[The population structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mongolia as assessed using large sequence polymorphism analysis].

112 strains of M. tuberculosis isolated from lung tuberculosis patients in Mongolia were genotyped using RD9, RD7, TbD1, RD105, and RD750 loci. The genotypes of all the strains studied were characterized using the conservation of RD7, RD9, and RD750 loci and the presence of the deletion in the locus TbD1. RD105 was detected in 65 isolates (58%). The isolate was classified into two groups--East-Asian and Euro-American.

[Influence of salicylic acid on biosynthesis of nucleic acids in Polyscias filicifolia cell culture under the action of unfavorable temperatures].

Amounts of DNA and RNA was increased (from 20 to 50%) in the presence of salicylic acid in cells of Polyscias filicifolia tissue culture grown in Murachige-Skoog modified medium. Treatment of the tissue culture with salicylic acid resulted in a significant increase of intracellular protein and decrease of proteolytic activity. In cells treated with salicylic acid, the amounts of DNA and RNA was higher in conditions of heat (3 h, 45 degrees C) and cold (24 h, 7 degrees C) stress in comparison with cells exposed to unfavorable temperatures without the initial treatment with salicylic acid.

Hydrogen peroxide and oxygen-hydrogen oxidation of aromatic compounds in catalytic systems containing heteropoly compounds.

Hydrogen peroxide and Pt activated mixture of gaseous O(2) and H(2) have been applied to oxidation of aromatic compounds in the presence of redox active heteropoly compounds in the form of acid H(4)PMo(11)VO(40) and tetrabuthylammonium (TBA) salts TBA(4)PMo(11)VO(40) and TBA(4)HPW(11)Fe(OH)O(39). Benzene, toluene and phenol were subjected to hydroxylation of the ring, which was accompanied by secondary oxidation in the reaction with hydrogen peroxide. Oxygenation of toluene was equally directed to the ring and to methyl group. The total reactivity of substrates was increased in the order of benzene

A simple method for the synthesis of silicon carbide nanorods.

SiC nanorods were synthesized by a reaction at a temperature of 1200 degrees C, under an argon gas atmosphere, from silicon and amorphous carbon powders mixed by ball milling. The reaction product, which contain SiC nanorods and nanoparticles, has been characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The synthesized nanorods are more than 1 micron long with a mean diameter of about 10-30 nm. The nanorods possess a well-defined crystalline structure with a thin layer of amorphous SiO2 on the surface. Raman shifts of SiC nanorods and the role of structural defects are discussed.

[Change in activity of superoxide dismutase in callus culture of Rauwolfia serpentina Benth., grown in standard conditions and with temperature shock]. / Izmenenie aktivnosti superoksiddismutazy v kallusnoi kul'ture Rauwolfia serpentina Benth., vyrashchennoi v standartnykh usloviiakh i pri temperaturnom shoke.

The rate of superoxide dismutase (SOD) accumulation in Rauwolfia serpentine Benth. cell culture under heat shock conditions (3 h, 45 degrees C) decreased insignificantly (by 4%), whereas low positive temperature (24 h, 7 degrees C) caused a drastic drop (by 48%). The observed decrease in the level of SOD activity resulted from a slowdown of the biosynthesis rate of the enzyme and decrease in its concentration in the cultivated cells. In addition, a compensatory decrease in degradation of the active protein (Kd) was observed at low positive temperatures and, consequently, an increase in its half-life (t1/2), compensating partially for a deficiency in de novo synthesized SOD molecules. The parameters studied restored after a 24-h adaptation of cells under standard temperature conditions.

[Effect of phytohormones on the protein-synthesizing ability of rauwolfia serpentina benth. tissue culture]. / Vliianie fitogormonov na beloksinteziruiushchuiu sposobnost' kul'tury tkani Rauwolfia serpentina Benth.

The accumulation of intracellular protein by the callus culture of Rauwolfia serpentina Benth. was studied in a standard or phytohormone-containing medium. Changes in the concentration of total protein in cells induced by indolylacetic and naphthylacetic acids were shown to be associated with the effects of these phytohormones on the biosynthesis and degradation of intracellular protein.

[Sequential isolation of superoxide dismutase and ajmaline from a tissue culture of Rauwolfia serpentina Benth]. / Posledovatel'noe vydelenie superoksiddismutazy i aimalina iz kul'tury tkani Rauwolfia serpentina Benth.

Two biologically active compounds, the enzyme superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) and the antiarrhythmic indole alkaloid ajmaline, were isolated from a callus culture of Rauwolfia serpentina Benth. Sequential isolation of biologically active compounds by metal-chelate affinity chromatography followed by azoadsorbent affinity chromatography allowed us to obtain highly purified products. The yields of superoxide dismutase and ajmaline were 180 mg/kg biomass and 16.5 g/kg dry weight, respectively.

[Some biochemical parameters of the synovial liquid for estimation of effectiveness of the treatment of the knee joint osteoarthrosis].

The knee joint osteoarthrosis is accompanied by activation of the oxidative stress in the synovial liquid. Specific treatment decreased or even normalized such biochemical parameters of the synovial liquid as the carbonyl groups, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total protein content. The most demonstrative changes were found for early and late markers of the oxidative modification of proteins. These parameters may be used in laboratory diagnostics of the depth of the degenerative-dystrophic process in the knee joint and for the estimation of the effectiveness of the treatment.

[Aldolase biosynthesis and stability in a monolayer of intact and irradiated rat liver cells]. / Biosintez i stabil'nost' al'dolazy v monosloe intaktnykh i obluchennykh kletok pecheni krys.

Aldolase turnover in rat hepatic cell culture and the influence of whole-body X-irradiation on the rates of synthesis and degradation of the enzyme and its "half-life" have been investigated. Aldolase biosynthesis in irradiated cells increases significantly as the rate of its degradation grows and the time of its functioning decreases.

[Effect of triiodothyronine on aldolase metabolism in the liver of irradiated rats]. / Vliianie triiodtironina na obmen al'dolazy v pecheni obluchennykh krys.

The influence of different triiodothyronine doses on aldolase metabolism in rat liver was studied after whole-body X-irradiation. The effect of the hormone on the rates of synthesis and degradation and on the time of functioning of the enzyme in the exposed body was shown to vary markedly in the irradiated and intact animals.

[Effect of glucagon and hydrocortisone on aldolase turnover in the rat liver after total x-irradiation]. / Vliianie gliukagona i gidrokortizona na krugooborot al'dolazy v pechenu krys posle obshchego rentgenovskogo oblucheniia.

A study was made of the effect of glucagon and hydrocortisone on aldolase metabolism in rat liver after total-body X-irradiation. The hormonal regulation of the enzyme metabolism in the exposed rats was shown to vary from that of intact animals.

[Effect of insulin and glucagon on aldolase turnover in rat liver]. / Vliianie insulina i gliukagona na obmen al'dolazy v pecheni krys.

The effects of exogenous and endogenous insulin and glucagon on aldolase turnover in rat liver and blood were studied. Some effects of these hormones on the biosynthesis and degradation of hepatic aldolase were specified. The rate of the "de novo" synthesis of aldolase was investigated in hepatocyte mitochondria and in blood plasma. The exogenous and endogenous hormones were shown to produce different effects on the biosynthesis and spontaneous degradation of rat liver aldolase.

[Effect of yeast mannans on aldolase of rat blood serum]. / Vliianie mannana drozhzhei na al'dolazu syvorotki krovi krys

The activity of aldolase in rat blood serum was studied in experiments in vitro and in vivo as affected by extracellular mannan of Rhodotorula rubra. It was established that in vitro the polysaccharide has an inhibitory effect in the enzyme and in vivo, vice versa, activates it. The maximal activation is observed against a background of the V increase and Km decrease. By the preparative electrophoresis in 7.5% polyakrylamide gel seven isoenzymes of aldolase are obtained. After introduction of the polysaccharide the activity in the individual isoforms of the enzyme increases.