[Early postoperative stabilometric training in patients with spinal diseases who underwent decompressive-stabilizing interventions]. / Stabilometricheskii trening v rannem posleoperatsionnom periode u patsientov s zabolevaniiami pozvonochnika, perenesshikh dekompressivno-stabiliziruiushchie vmeshatel'stva.

AIM: To study the impact of rehabilitation measures on the dynamics of pain syndrome and on the state of postural muscle balance in the early postoperative period in patients with degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the lumbar spine who have undergone decompressive-stabilizing interventions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This paper comparatively analyzed the level of pain syndrome in the lumbar spine and lower extremities, the stabilometric indicators characterizing the amplitude of center-of-pressure oscillations in patients who had undergone decompressive-stabilizing operations at 7±2 days after surgical treatment for degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the lumbar spine. Two groups of 60 people in each were formed: rehabilitation measures were implemented, starting on day 2 of an early postoperative period (the duration of the latter was 7±2 days after surgery); the basic complex was supplemented with stabilometric training in Group 1 (a study group); only the basic complex was used in Group 2 (a comparison group). RESULTS: In the study group, the frequency of rehabilitation outcomes with an achieved excellent result depending on the level of pain syndrome in the lower extremities and spine on a visual analogue scale was 62.5 and 88.9%, respectively; which significantly statistically exceeds the proportion of patients with the same outcome in the comparison group (37.5 and 11.1%; p<0.01 in both cases). There was a statistically significant more pronounced decrease in the level of pain syndrome in the lumbar spine (p=0.0001) and lower limbs (p=0.003) in the patients of the study group in the early postoperative period. Intergroup comparison revealed a statistically significant decrease in all the indicators monitored in the study, which characterize the amplitude of the center-of-pressure oscillations. Moreover, the value of the oscillation area parameter between the patient groups differed by 1.76 and 1.83 times during Romberg's test with the eyes open or closed, respectively (p=0.0001). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the comprehensive treatment supplemented with stabilometric training in the early postoperative period improves the state of postural muscle balance. There was a statistically significant predominance of compliance with normative values in patients of the study group during Romberg's test with the eyes open or closed (p=0.007 and p=0.00002, respectively), which contributes to a more marked decrease in the level of pain syndrome in the lumbar spine (p=0.001) and lower extremities (p=0.003).

[A new antiviral drug Triazavirin: results of phase II clinical trial].

The results of the clinical trial testing the efficacy of a new anti-influenza drug Triazavirin are presented in this work. The data of the trial were gathered during the 2010 influenza season. The treatment with oral Triazavirin significantly reduced the duration of the main clinical symptoms of influenza (intoxication, fever, respiratory symptoms), decreased the incidence of the influenza-related complications and the use of symptomatic drugs. The re-isolation rate of the influenza A and B viruses was significantly lower in the patients who were using Triazavirin. The analysis of the clinical data showed that the optimal prescribed dosage was 250 mg 3 times a day.

[Otosclerosis- <> or the loss of the natural variant of inertness (<> of the labyrinth capsule)].

The author suggests an original hypothesis of otosclerosis based on the analyses of the literature publications for many years and his personal clinical observations. The normal labyrinth capsule is considered to be bradytrophic, i.e. inert and showing an extremely low level of metabolic processes. The disturbance of bradytrophicity under the action of individual factors and/or especially their combination make it involved in the maintenance of calcium homeostasis in the body. The validity of this conjecture is confirmed by the results of histological investigations, viz. the appearance of diquide or xplasma-like, bone in the labyrinth of the patients suffering otosclerosis. Such bone resorption is known to occur in other parts of the bony skeletontoo and should be regarded as a normal physiological process contributing to the replenishment of blood calcium deficiency.The subsequent reorganization (remodeling) of any part of the bony skeleton is physiologically neutral. In the labyrinth capsule,with its small size and delicate structure, such reorganization induces the otosclerotic process responsible for dysfunction of the membranaceous labyrinth. The surgical treatment of the patients presenting with otosclerosis should be supplemented by conservative treatment intended to slow down the otosclerotic reorganization and to restore bradytrophicity of the labyrinth capsule.

Biocompatibility of biphasic α,ß-tricalcium phosphate ceramics in vitro.

The biocompatibility of biphasic α,ß-tricalcium phosphate ceramics, obtained by annealing a compact preform based on ß-tricalcium phosphate powder, was studied in vitro. It was found that within 10-30 days the adhesion of primary dental pulp stem cells located on the surface of biphasic α,ß-tricalcium phosphate ceramics is suppressed. Decrease of the cell number on the surface of biphasic α,ß-tricalcium phosphate ceramics, most likely, can be associated with both the pH level (acidic) as a result of hydrolysis of the more soluble phase of α-tricalcium phosphate and with the nature of surface that changes as a result of the formation and growth of hydroxyapatite crystals.

[The interrelationship of alcoholic psychoses and lethal alcohol intoxications with population cash income].

The analysis of dependence of alcoholic psychoses and lethal alcohol intoxications from the portion of poor population all over 87 regions of the Russian Federation revealed the decrease in alcoholism morbidity up to 70.7%. Thereby, the poorer is the territory the higher is the indexes of morbidity and mortality because of alcoholism.

[Deflected mode of cortical bone tissue in 3-dimentional math mandible model of in state of intraosseous implant loading in lateral part of dentition].

Math modeling of mandible was executed in the presence of intraosseous implant in lateral part of dentition. Deflected mode of cortical bone tissue around implant, in alveolus and other mandible parts were studied in case of vertical load of 250 N upon implant. Values of tension in cortical bone tissue in the region of incisors, canines, molars and jaw body spreading in mediodistal, buccolingual and vertical directions were received. Integral tensions were analyzed.

[Double blind placebo controlled randomized pilot clinical trial of baclofen (Baclosan®) for alcohol dependence].

AIM: To study efficacy and safety of baclofen for treatment of alcohol dependence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 32 patients with alcohol dependence had been randomized into one of two treatment groups (16 patients in each): patients of the 1st group were treated with baclofen (50 mg/day) for 3 months while patients of the 2nd one received identically looking placebo. All the study subjects were scheduled to come to the clinic on the weekly basis to control alcohol use and compliance with the study medications (by riboflavin marker in urine) and also - for psychiatric evaluations (severity of craving for alcohol, anxiety and depression). Alcohol use evaluated with the Time Line Follow Back technique and gamma-glutamiltranspeptidase activity in blood. To assess anxiety Spielberger state-trait inventory and Hamilton scale were used. Depression was assessed with Montgomery-Ashberg scale. To evaluate carving for alcohol used Obsessive-Compulsive Drinking scale, Penn Alcohol Craving scale, and Visual Analog Scale of Craving. Overall treatment effect assessed with the Clinical Global Impression scale. The study design was double blind. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Baclofen did no differ significantly from placebo on either of primary or secondary outcome variables. However, primary outcome variables of retention in treatment and drinking were slightly better in the baclofen group compared to placebo, and those differences were close to the level of statistical significance. There were no differences between the groups in either rate of adverse events or liver enzymes activity which is an evidence of safety and good tolerability of baclofen in alcohol dependent patients. Further studies of baclofen for alcohol dependence in the larger sample size are needed.

[Psychiatric services in the USSR and their various indicators]. / Psikhiatricheskaia pomoshch' v SSSR i nekotorye ee pokazateli.

The development of psychiatry in the USSR is reviewed bearing in mind the dynamics of the main characteristics of mental patients registered at the psychoneurological dispensaries (PND). In 1965, 2188.5 thousand patients were on the books at the PND in this country, whereas in 1987, their number rose to 10201.3 thousand. Therefore, during 22 years the number of mental patients increased 4.7-fold. The greatest increase is recorded among patients suffering from schizophrenia and psychopathy. This tendency is characteristic of all the republics. At the same time the disability rate among schizophrenic patients dropped (possibly at the expense of a more favorable course of this pathology). The authors point out that this country ranks ninth in the world in the number of psychiatrists per 1000 population. As far as the number of beds for mental patients is concerned, it occupies the 23d place. From 1985 to 1988, the load of the dispensary psychiatrist reduced from 565 to 520 patients, i.e. it diminished by 8%. On the whole the psychiatric services render assistance to 4% of the population of this country today.

[Prerequisites and new approaches toward improving the outpatient registration of mental patients]. / Predposylki i novye podkhody k sovershenstvovaniiu dispansernogo ucheta psikhicheski bol'nykh.

An increase in the registered numbers of mental outpatients, particularly at the expense of persons with borderline abnormalities, which is attendant by certain social restrictions for the latter group, is fraught with compromising the personality of these on the whole normal persons, which necessitates reorganization of the existing practice of registering patients in psychoneurological institutions. It is proposed that the existing form of registration be applied only to psychotic patients. In accordance with the level criterion patients with mental disorders of the borderline level are not liable to registration, provided their main links and relations in the social environment have remained intact. Registration should be strictly based on such time limits which can be justified on medico-social and clinico-therapeutical grounds.

[Comparative socio-demographic characteristics of schizophrenic patients committing socially dangerous acts]. / Materialy k sravnitel'noi sotsial'no-demograficheskoi kharakteristike bol'nykh shizofreniei sovershavshikh obshchestvenno opasnye deistviia

The report is based on a statistical analysis of a reregistration of mental patients on the territory of a large city. The authors systematized and analyzed (with the aid of a computer) data concerning the age and sex structure and the special traits of a socio-working adaptation of schizophrenic patients who committed socially dangerous acts during the period of their illness. These data were correlated with similar ones in respect to all the registered schizophrenic patients. It was demonstrated that among the patients who committed dangerous acts in the past there was a prevalence of males (on the average 4.3 times more frequently), while in the general population of schizophrenic patients there is only a 23.8% increase among the males, as compared to females. Those who committed such acts had a lower educational census and worse indices of working capacity which have their specificity in different age groups for males and females. The indices of working capacity correlate (a feed back) with the frequency of dangerous acts. The authors are of the opinion that the obtained information may be used for a wide-range evaluation of the possible risk of dangerous acts committed by schizophrenic patients.

[Problems in population health statistics]. / Problemy statistiki zdorov'ia naseleniia.

The statistics of population health and development of public health system is incomplete. Mortality values can be analyzed for 5-year intervals, while morbidity is represented for the following age groups: children, adolescents, adults aged 20-39 and 40-59 years. The authors suggest revising the structure and volume of statistical data on morbidity with regard for age and sex for 5-year intervals, which will help more reliably and correctly solve modern problems of public health.

[The surgical procedure in blind gunshot wounds of the skull base]. / Khirurgicheskaia taktika pri slepykh orgnestrel'nykh raneniiakh osnovaniia cherepa.

Personal clinical observations during the recent years allow the authors to confirm the indisputable value of surgical experience got during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) and in particular, the "fourfold" scheme proposed by V. I. Voiachek for the diagnosis and treatment of blind gunshot wounds to the skull base. Computed tomography considerably increases the probability of detection of the exact localization of foreign bodies in complex anatomical structures of the skull and thus facilitates choosing the most rational surgical management. The use of the electro-optical transducer for the extraction of foreign bodies from almost inaccessible areas of the skull base decreases the risk of operation.

[The organization and principles of rendering medical care to minor casualties in otorhinolaryngology]. / Organizatsiia i printsipy okazaniia meditsinskoi pomoshchi legkoranenym otorinolaringologicheskogo profilia.

The article deals with the notions of prior and coexistent ENT injuries. There are classification of mechanical injuries and ENT diseases, as well as rate and structure of ENT sanitary losses, and its evacuation and treatment procedures. The authors give gradations of slight, medium and severe ENT-injured and ENT-sick contingent, and set up the categories of minimally ENT sick, injured and wounded. The article also contains data concerning the treatment policy including immediate medical care at various stages of medical evacuation, and describes peculiarities of triage of different groups of ENT sick and injured. There are proposals for improvement of medical care to ENT sick, injured and wounded.

[Characteristics of lesions of paranasal sinuses in patients with optic chiasm arachnoiditis]. / Osobennosti porazheniia okolonosovykh pazukh u bol'nykh optokhiazmal'nym arakhnoiditom.

The paper provides data on a comprehensive rhinological and x-ray examination of 201 patients suffering from optochiasmal arachnoiditis (OCA). Paranasal affection (as a rule polysinusitis) was disclosed in 75.6% of the examinees. The lesion occurred primarily in the sphenoidal sinuses and frequently combined with ethmoidal labyrinth and maxillary sinus involvement. Rhinological and x-ray symptoms in OCA are rarely prominent giving grounds to physicians for defining it as the syndrome of minor clinical signs. The latter hold importance for diagnosis which enables early cleansing of the paranasal sinuses in combined treatment of OCA.

[An in-vitro leukocytolysis method for the diagnosis of a drug allergy]. / Metod leikotsitoliza in vitro dlia diagnostiki lekarstvennoi allergii.

The authors analyze published data on various modifications of the specific leukocyte lysis test (SLLT) and their own findings on in vitro osmotic leukocytolysis caused by low-molecular nonelectrolytes (urea, glycerol, and glucose), and present the estimation of osmotic pressure of these agents' solutions in equimolar concentrations. In contrast to the specific effect of allergens, an osmotic component of nonspecific leukocyte lysis is considered. A universal approach to the choice of working doses of drug in SLLT is proposed: equimolar solutions of the allergens (chemical and medicinal compounds). The necessity of further theoretical and practical research of SLLT is validated.

[Chondroma of the nose and paranasal sinuses and its clinical characteristics]. / Khondroma nosa i okolonosovykh pazukh i ee klinicheskie osobennosti.

Typical clinical features of nasal and paranasal sinus chondromas are discussed having in view 12 history cases. The authors give support to the concept that benign chondroma may transform to malignant neoplasm. Tumor relapses may occur if surgical intervention fails due to morphological abnormalities of the tumor. The tumor consists of lobules that may grow beyond the primary connective tissue capsule penetrating complex structures of the skull. Patients with nasal and paranasal chondromas need early and radical operation and a close follow-up with the purpose of detecting minor signs of recurrences and performing, if necessary, repeated operations until the tumor becomes incurable.

[Epidemiology, medical and social features of the addiction to beer and strong alcogol].

The comparative study of the addiction to beer and hard liquor was carried out. Despite of the dramatic increase in the beer consumption in the Russian Federation between 1999 and 2009, the incidence and prevalence of alcohol dependence and alcohol psychoses had decreased. The analysis of preference in alcohol consumption revealed that 90.7% of study participants consumed different types of alcohol beverages: beer and hard liquor. Alcohol addiction caused by the consumption of beer or spirits and wine alone was 1.2% and 8.1%, respectively. Our study of case histories demonstrated that alcohol addiction related predominantly to the beer use was associated with the consumption of smaller doses of pure ethanol, less pronounced abstinent syndrome, less frequent complications, such as the convulsive syndrome and alcoholic psychosis, compared to the addiction to hard liquor. The examination of 106 outpatients with alcohol addiction revealed that patients who preferred hard liquor during the last month consumed more alcohol in terms of pure ethanol. Also, the period of hard drinking was longer and patients had more social, legal, and psychological problems as well as somatic and psychopathological disorders. The higher was the consumption of hard liquor, the severe was the course of alcohol addiction. The least number of biopsychosocial problems was noted in patients who consumed only beer.