Improved impedance characteristics of all-water-processable triple-stacked hole-selective layers in solution-processed OLEDs.

We herein report an investigation of the device performance capabilities and impedance characteristics of solution-processed organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) with all-water-processable triple-stacked hole-selective layers (HSLs) on an indium-tin-oxide (ITO) anode, fabricated using a simple coating technique. Highly smooth and homogeneous triple-stacked layers were deposited via horizontal-dip- (H-dip-) coating using aqueous dispersions of graphene oxide (GO), molybdenum oxide (MoO3), and poly(ethylenedioxy thiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) ( PEDOT: PSS). From the triple-stacked GO/MoO3/ PEDOT: PSS HSLs used as hole-injection layers (HILs) in the OLEDs, which outperform a conventional single HIL of PEDOT: PSS, it was found that OLEDs with triple-stacked HILs exhibited characteristic impedance properties, including low parallel resistance with trap-free space-charge-limited conductivity. Furthermore, it was shown that the relaxation frequency of a sample OLED with triple-stacked GO/MoO3/ PEDOT: PSS HILs was much higher than that of a reference device with a single PEDOT: PSS HIL. These impedance behaviors indicate that carrier (hole) injection in the sample OLED is more efficient than that in any of the other devices tested here. The results presented here clarify that the triple-stacked GO/MoO3/ PEDOT: PSS layers can act as efficient HILs on an ITO anode, representing a remarkable advance in relation to the mass production of high-performance solution-processable OLEDs.

Triple-stacked hole-selective layers for efficient solution-processable organic semiconducting devices.

We report on an investigation of water-processable triple-stacked hole-selective layers for solution-processable organic semiconducting devices using a simple horizontal-dip (H-dip) coating technique. Homogeneous layers were successfully deposited via H-dip-coating using aqueous solutions of graphene oxide (GO), molybdenum oxide (MoO3), and poly(ethylenedioxy thiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) ( PEDOT: PSS). The use of the triple-stacked GO/MoO3/ PEDOT: PSS layers as hole-injecting layers (HILs) in solution-processable organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) resulted in a considerable improvement of device performance in terms of brightness (maximum brightness: 47,000 cd/m2) as well as efficiency (peak efficiency: 31.5 cd/A), exceeding those of an OLED with a conventional single PEDOT: PSS HIL. Furthermore, polymer solar cells (PSCs) with these triple-stacked layers used as hole-collecting layers (HCLs) showed a considerable improvement in power conversion efficiency (6.62%), which was also higher than that (5.65%) obtained using the single PEDOT: PSS HCL. These results clearly indicate the benefits of using triple-stacked GO/MoO3/ PEDOT: PSS layers, which provide better hole-injection/collection, electron-blocking, and improved stability for high performance solution-processable OLEDs and PSCs.