Microstructures of layered Ni-rich cathodes for lithium-ion batteries.

Millions of electric vehicles (EVs) on the road are powered by lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) based on nickel-rich layered oxide (NRLO) cathodes, and they suffer from a limited driving range and safety concerns. Increasing the Ni content is a key way to boost the energy densities of LIBs and alleviate the EV range anxiety, which are, however, compromised by the rapid performance fading. One unique challenge lies in the worsening of the microstructural stability with a rising Ni-content in the cathode. In this review, we focus on the latest advances in the understanding of NLRO microstructures, particularly the microstructural degradation mechanisms, state-of-the-art stabilization strategies, and advanced characterization methods. We first elaborate on the fundamental mechanisms underlying the microstructural failures of NRLOs, including anisotropic lattice evolution, microcracking, and surface degradation, as a result of which other degradation processes, such as electrolyte decomposition and transition metal dissolution, can be severely aggravated. Afterwards, we discuss representative stabilization strategies, including the surface treatment and construction of radial concentration gradients in polycrystalline secondary particles, the fabrication of rod-shaped primary particles, and the development of single-crystal NRLO cathodes. We then introduce emerging microstructural characterization techniques, especially for identification of the particle orientation, dynamic changes, and elemental distributions in NRLO microstructures. Finally, we provide perspectives on the remaining challenges and opportunities for the development of stable NRLO cathodes for the zero-carbon future.

Interface Engineering Enables Wide-Temperature Li-Ion Storage in Commercial Silicon-Based Anodes.

Silicon-based materials have been considered potential anode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries based on their high theoretical capacity and low working voltage. However, side reactions at the Si/electrolyte interface bring annoying issues like low Coulombic efficiency, sluggish ionic transport, and inferior temperature compatibility. In this work, the surface Al2 O3 coating layer is proposed as an artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), which can serve as a physical barrier against the invasion of byproducts like HF(Hydrogen Fluoride) from the decomposition of electrolyte, and acts as a fast Li-ion transport pathway. Besides, the intrinsically high mechanical strength can effectively inhibit the volume expansion of the silicon particles, thus promoting the cyclability. The as-assembled battery cell with the Al2 O3 -coated Si-C anode exhibits a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 80% at RT and a capacity retention ratio up to ≈81.9% after 100 cycles, which is much higher than that of the pristine Si-C anode (≈74.8%). Besides, the expansion rate can also be decreased from 103% to 50%. Moreover, the Al2 O3 -coated Si-C anode also extends the working temperature from room temperature to 0 °C-60 °C. Overall, this work provides an efficient strategy for regulating the interface reactions of Si-based anode and pushes forward the practical applications at real conditions.

Nano Silicon Anode without Electrolyte Adding for Sulfide-Based All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries.

All-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASSLBs) employing silicon (Si) anode and sulfide electrolyte attract much attention, since they can achieve both high energy density and safety. For large-scale application, sheet-type Si anode matching sulfide based ASSLBs is preferred. Here, a LiAlO2 layer coated Si (Si@LiAlO2 ) is reported for sheet-type electrode. This electrode employs conventional slurry coating methods without adding any sulfide electrolyte. The effect of LiAlO2 coating on the electrochemical performance and morphology evolution of Si electrode is investigated. Since the high mechanical strength and ionic conductivity of LiAlO2 layer can sufficiently relieve the huge expansion of Si and promote the Li+ diffusion, the electrochemical performance is significantly enhanced. The Si@LiAlO2 electrodes deliver high coulombic efficiency exceeding 80% and hold considerable specific capacity of 1205 mAh g-1 (150 cycles, 0.33 C). The Si@LiAlO2 | LiNi0.83 Co0.11 Mn0.06 O2 full-cells exhibit a high reversible capacity of 147 mAh g-1 (0.28 mA cm-2 ) and a considerable capacity retention of 80.2% (62 cycles, 2.8 mA cm-2 ). This work demonstrates promising practicability and provides a new route for the scalable preparation of Si electrode sheets for ASSLBs with extended lifespan.

Carbon Microstructure Dependent Li-Ion Storage Behaviors in SiOx /C Anodes.

SiOx anode has a more durable cycle life than Si, being considered competitive to replace the conventional graphite. SiOx usually serves as composites with carbon to achieve more extended cycle life. However, the carbon microstructure dependent Li-ion storage behaviors in SiOx /C anode have received insufficient attention. Herein, this work demonstrates that the disorder of carbon can determine the ratio of inter- and intragranular Li-ion diffusions. The resulted variation of platform characteristics will result in different compatibility when matching SiOx . Rational disorder induced intergranular diffusion can benefit phase transition of SiOx /C, benefiting the electrochemical performance. Through a series of quantitative calculations and in situ X-ray diffraction characterizations, this work proposes the rational strategy for the future optimization, thus achieving preferable performance of SiOx /C anode.

Is Soft Carbon a More Suitable Match for SiOx in Li-Ion Battery Anodes?

Silicon oxide (SiOx ), inheriting the high-capacity characteristic of silicon-based materials but possessing superior cycling stability, is a promising anode material for next-generation Li-ion batteries. SiOx is typically applied in combination with graphite (Gr), but the limited cycling durability of the SiOx /Gr composites curtails large-scale applications. In this work, this limited durability is demonstrated in part related to the presence of a bidirectional diffusion at the SiOx /Gr interface, which is driven by their intrinsic working potential differences and the concentration gradients. When Li on the Li-rich surface of SiOx is captured by Gr, the SiOx surface shrinks, hindering further lithiation. The use of soft carbon (SC) instead of Gr can prevent such instability is further demonstrated. The higher working potential of SC avoids bidirectional diffusion and surface compression thus allowing further lithiation. In this scenario, the evolution of the Li concentration gradient in SiOx conforms to its spontaneous lithiation process, benefiting the electrochemical performance. These results highlight the focus on the working potential of carbon as a strategy for rational optimization of SiOx /C composites toward improved battery performance.

Fine Classification of UAV Urban Nighttime Light Images Based on Object-Oriented Approach.

Fine classification of urban nighttime lighting is a key prerequisite step for small-scale nighttime urban research. In order to fill the gap of high-resolution urban nighttime light image classification and recognition research, this paper is based on a small rotary-wing UAV platform, taking the nighttime static monocular tilted light images of communities near Meixi Lake in Changsha City as research data. Using an object-oriented classification method to fully extract the spectral, textural and geometric features of urban nighttime lights, we build four types of classification models based on random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and decision tree (DT), respectively, to finely extract five types of nighttime lights: window light, neon light, road reflective light, building reflective light and background. The main conclusions are as follows: (i) The equal division of the image into three regions according to the visual direction can alleviate the variable scale problem of monocular tilted images, and the multiresolution segmentation results combined with Canny edge detection are more suitable for urban nighttime lighting images; (ii) RF has the highest classification accuracy among the four classification algorithms, with an overall classification accuracy of 95.36% and a kappa coefficient of 0.9381 in the far view region, followed by SVM, KNN and DT as the worst; (iii) Among the fine classification results of urban light types, window light and background have the highest classification accuracy, with both UA and PA above 93% in the RF classification model, while road reflective light has the lowest accuracy; (iv) Among the selected classification features, the spectral features have the highest contribution rates, which are above 59% in all three regions, followed by the textural features and the geometric features with the smallest contribution rates. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of nighttime UAV static monocular tilt image data for fine classification of urban light types based on an object-oriented classification approach, provides data and technical support for small-scale urban nighttime research such as community building identification and nighttime human activity perception.

A Dense Mapping Algorithm Based on Spatiotemporal Consistency.

Dense mapping is an important part of mobile robot navigation and environmental understanding. Aiming to address the problem that Dense Surfel Mapping relies on the input of a common-view relationship, we propose a local map extraction strategy based on spatiotemporal consistency. The local map is extracted through the inter-frame pose observability and temporal continuity. To reduce the blurring of map fusion caused by the different viewing angles, a normal constraint is added to the map fusion and weight initialization. To achieve continuous and stable time efficiency, we dynamically adjust the parameters of superpixel extraction. The experimental results on the ICL-NUIM and KITTI datasets show that the partial reconstruction accuracy is improved by approximately 27-43%. In addition, the system achieves a greater than 15 Hz real-time performance using only CPU computation, which is improved by approximately 13%.

Insights into the Potassium Ion Storage Behavior and Phase Evolution of a Tailored Yolk-Shell SnSe@C Anode.

Tin chalcogenides are regarded as promising anode materials for potassium ion batteries (PIBs) due to their considerable specific capacity. However, the severe volume effect, limited electronic conductivity, and the shuttle effect of the potassiation product restrict the application prospect. Herein, based on the metal evaporation reaction, a facile structural engineering strategy for yolk-shell SnSe encapsulated in carbon shell (SnSe@C) is proposed. The internal void can accommodate the volume change of the SnSe core and the carbon shell can enhance the electronic conductivity. Combining qualitative and quantitative electrochemical analyses, the distinguished electrochemical performance of SnSe@C anode is attributed to the contribution of enhanced capacitive behavior. Additionally, first-principles calculations elucidate that the heteroatomic doped carbon exhibits a preferable affinity toward potassium ions and the potassiation product K2 Se, boosting the rate performance and capacity retention consequently. Furthermore, the phase evolution of SnSe@C electrode during the potassiation/depotassiation process is clarified by in situ X-ray diffraction characterization, and the crystal transition from the SnSe Pnma(62) to Cmcm(63) point group is discovered unpredictably. This work demonstrates a pragmatic avenue to tailor the SnSe@C anode via a facile structural engineering strategy and chemical regulation, providing substantial clarification for the phase evolution mechanism of SnSe-based anode for PIBs.

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of ß-carboline 1,3,4-oxadiazole based hybrids as HDAC inhibitors with potential antitumor effects.

A series of novel ß-carboline 1,3,4-oxadiazole based hybrids were designed, synthesized, and tested for cytotoxicity and HDAC inhibition. Among the target compounds, compound ZDLT-1 displayed high inhibitory activity for class I HDACs 1, 2, and 3, and potent anti-proliferative activity against HCT116 cells with an IC50 value of 0.173 ± 0.018 µM, it also exhibited better inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 6 nM for HDAC6 than SAHA (IC50 = 15 nM). Furthermore, the pharmacological experiment of Hoechst staining, colony formation, cell apoptosis assay, and wound healing scratch assay indicated that compound ZDLT-1 was a potent cytotoxic agent against HCT116 cells with cell apoptosis induction. Further, in silico prediction of physicochemical properties, drug-likeness, and ADME parameters suggested that compound ZDLT-1 is a promising anticancer agent. Taken together, the high potency cytotoxicity and class I HDACs inhibitory activity of compound ZDLT-1, which with the ß-carboline 1,3,4-oxadiazole based hybrids as potent anticancer agents could be nominated for further modification and optimization.

Facile synthesis of C1-substituted ß-carbolines as CDK4 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), which is involved in dynamic regulation of cell cycle, has gained particularly attention for its role in controlling tumor growth.Increasing evidence showed that ß-carboline derivatives have the potential to inhibit CDK4. Herein, on the basis of previous work, we designed and synthesized a series of novel ß-carbolines and evaluated their antitumor activity.Among them, compounds ZDLD13 and ZDLD20, with the most potent anti-proliferative activity and CDK4 enzymatic inhibition activity, were selected for further pharmacological research in vitro and in vivo. The results in vitro showed that ZDLD13 and ZDLD20 exhibited potent anti-HCT116 activityincluding inhibition of colony formation, inhibition of invasion and migration, inducing of apoptosis, and arresting of G1 phase in cell cycle.In vivo,ZDLD13showed significant tumor growth inhibition in HCT116 tumor xenograft model without causing significant weight loss and toxicityconsistent with the acute toxicity test. In addition, silico study showed ZDLD13 and ZDLD20 not only have good biological actions, but also acceptable predicted ADME and physicochemical properties.Taken together, compoundsZDLD13and ZDLD20 could be selected for further modification and preclinical evaluation.

Discovery of novel benzofuro[3,2-b]quinoline derivatives as dual CDK2/Topo I inhibitors.

Uncontrolled cell proliferation is a hallmark of cancer. The major regulator of the cell cycle, cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), has become a mature target for cancer treatment. Herein, we describe our efforts toward the discovery of a series of benzofuro[3,2-b]quinoline alkaloid derivatives as CDK2 inhibitors through a scaffold hopping strategy. Compound ZLHQ-5f has topoisomerase I (Topo I) inhibitory activity due to the unique structure of benzofurano[3,2-b]quinoline. Resultantly, ZLHQ-5f exhibited promising anti-proliferative and CDK2 inhibitory activities. It also arrests the cell cycle in S-phase, triggers apoptosis in HCT116 cells, and has a good safety profile in vivo. There has yet to be a report on dual CDK2/Topo I inhibitor, thus this will be a novel attempt.

Discovery of novel tacrine derivatives as potent antiproliferative agents with CDKs inhibitory property.

Tacrine was the first approved drug by the FDA for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) but was withdrawn from the market due to its dose-dependent hepatotoxicity. Herein, we describe our efforts toward the discovery of a novel series of tacrine derivatives for cancer therapeutics. Intensive structural modifications of tacrine led to the identification of N-(4-{9-[(3S)-3-aminopyrrolidin-1-yl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroacridin-2-yl}pyridin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide hydrochloride ((S)-45, ZLWT-37) as a potent antiproliferative agent (GI50 = 0.029 µM for HCT116). In addition, ZLWT-37 exhibited lower inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) compared to tacrine. The in vitro studies demonstrated that ZLWT-37 could significantly induce apoptosis and arrest the cell cycle in the G2/M phase in HCT116 cells. The in vivo studies revealed that compound ZLWT-37 showed excellent antitumor efficacy in HCT116 xenograft tumor model and favorable pharmacokinetics profiles (F% = 28.70%) as well as low toxicity in the acute toxicity test with a median lethal dose (LD50) of 380.3 mg/kg. Encouragingly, ZLWT-37 had no obvious hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and hematologic toxicity. Kinase assay suggested that ZLWT-37 possessed potent cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.002 µM) and good selectivity over CDK2 (IC50 = 0.054 µM). Collectively, these findings indicate that compound ZLWT-37 is a promising anti-cancer agent that deserves further preclinical evaluation.

Structural Engineering of SnS2 Encapsulated in Carbon Nanoboxes for High-Performance Sodium/Potassium-Ion Batteries Anodes.

Conversion-alloying type anode materials like metal sulfides draw great attention due to their considerable theoretical capacity for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (PIBs). However, poor conductivity, severe volume change, and harmful aggregation of the material during charge/discharge lead to unsatisfying electrochemical performance. Herein, a facile and green strategy for yolk-shell structure based on the principle of metal evaporation is proposed. SnS2 nanoparticle is encapsulated in nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanobox (SnS2 @C). The carbon nanoboxes accommodate the volume change and aggregation of SnS2 during cycling, and form 3D continuous conductive carbon matrix by close contact. The well-designed structure benefits greatly in conductivity and structural stability of the material. As expected, SnS2 @C exhibits considerable capacity, superior cycling stability, and excellent rate capability in both SIBs and PIBs. Additionally, in situ Raman technology is unprecedentedly conducted to investigate the phase evolution of polysulfides. This work provides an avenue for facilely constructing stable and high-capacity metal dichalcogenide based anodes materials with optimized structure engineering. The proposed in-depth electrochemical measurements coupled with in situ and ex situ characterizations will provide fundamental understandings for the storage mechanism of metal dichalcogenides.

From aliphatic compounds contaminated soil to active building material: An emerging opportunity for soil remediation and waste utilisation.

Soil contaminated with the production wastewater of 4,4'-diaminostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid is extremely hazardous and difficult to bioremediate. In this study, a cost-effective method was developed to reduce the risk of contaminated soil and produce building materials through a combination of ultrasonic processing and solidification/stabilisation. Ultrasonic processing conditions of 5 min at 40 kHz were found to significantly improve the compressive strength of bricks. The results of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that the enhanced strength was due to the ultrasonic processing controlling the shape and scale of the crystals and microstructure of the cement paste. Furthermore, the effect of the activating agent, CaO, on the leaching toxicity of the bricks was closely related to the curing temperature. Under natural dry conditions (10-25 °C), the leaching toxicity decreased along with the reduction of CaO. However, under high artificial temperature conditions (40 °C), increasing the CaO was beneficial for decreasing the leaching toxicity. The addition of 2.91% CaO was suitable for improving brick performance under both natural dry (10-25 °C) and artificial temperature curing conditions (40 °C). The results of GC-MS revealed that 64.8% and 66.7% of organic species and organic volume, respectively, were reduced in the leachate of the bricks, which was produced by CaO activation and ultrasonic treatments. It was demonstrated that the optimal combined process for cost-effectively transforming hazardous soil to active building materials is feasible.

miR-145 sensitizes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma to cisplatin through directly inhibiting PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the eighth most common cancer worldwide and is one of the most lethal malignancies. Cisplatin (DDP) is a key drug for ESCC treatment, but the presence of chemotherapy resistance limits the use of DDP. To enhance chemosensitivity to DDP is important for ESCC treatment. METHODS: qRT-PCR and Western blotting detected mRNA and protein expression in ESCC tissues and cells. Luciferase reporter assay assessed the interaction between miR-145 and AKT3. Cell cycle, apoptosis and proliferation were investigated with flow cytometry and MTT assay, respectively. Nude mice xenograft model was established, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) and TUNEL assay were conducted to detect Ki-67 level and apoptosis in xenograft tumor. RESULTS: Down-regulated miR-145 and up-regulated AKT3 were observed in ESCC tissues and cells. Luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-145 negatively regulated AKT3 through binding to its 3'-UTR. Overexpression of miR-145 or knockdown of AKT3 promoted DDP-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, as well as reduced IC50 of DDP treatment, which was reversed by AKT3 overexpression. The expression level of MRP1, P-gp, CyclinD1, c-Myc and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 were down-regulated, while pro-apoptotic protein Bax was up-regulated by miR-145. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-145 enhanced the DDP-induced tumor growth suppression in vivo. CONCLUSION: miR-145 increased the sensitivity of ESCC to DDP, and facilitated DDP-induced apoptosis, cycle arrest by directly inhibiting PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to decrease multidrug resistance-associated proteins MRP1 and P-gp expression. Improving the efficacy of DDP by boosting the miR-145 level provides a new strategy for treatment of ESCC.

Identification of long-range transport pathways and potential sources of PM2.5 and PM10 in Beijing from 2014 to 2015.

Trajectory clustering, potential source contribution function (PSCF) and concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) methods were applied to investigate the transport pathways and identify potential sources of PM2.5 and PM10 in different seasons from June 2014 to May 2015 in Beijing. The cluster analyses showed that Beijing was affected by trajectories from the south and southeast in summer and autumn. In winter and spring, Beijing was not only affected by the trajectories from the south and southeast, but was also affected by trajectories from the north and northwest. In addition, the analyses of the pressure profile of backward trajectories showed that backward trajectories, which have important influence on Beijing, were mainly distributed above 970hPa in summer and autumn and below 950hPa in spring and winter. This indicates that PM2.5 and PM10 were strongly affected by the near surface air masses in summer and autumn and by high altitude air masses in winter and spring. Results of PSCF and CWT analyses showed that the largest potential source areas were identified in spring, followed by winter and autumn, then summer. In addition, potential source regions of PM10 were similar to those of PM2.5. There were a clear seasonal and spatial variation of the potential source areas of Beijing and the airflow in the horizontal and vertical directions. Therefore, more effective regional emission reduction measures in Beijing's surrounding provinces should be implemented to reduce emissions of regional sources in different seasons.

Exploring the potential of histone demethylase inhibition in multi-therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment.

Histone demethylases play a critical role in gene transcription regulation and have been implicated in cancer. Numerous reports have highlighted the overexpression of histone demethylases, such as LSD1 and JmjC, in various malignant tumor tissues, identifying them as effective therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Despite many histone demethylase inhibitors entering clinical trials, their clinical efficacy has been limited. Therefore, combination therapies based on histone demethylase inhibitors, along with other modulators like dual-acting inhibitors, have gained significant attention and made notable progress in recent years. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in drug discovery targeting histone demethylases, focusing specifically on drug combination therapy and histone demethylases-targeting dual inhibitors. We discuss the rational design, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and clinical status of these approaches. Additionally, we summarize the co-crystal structures of LSD1 inhibitors and their target proteins as well as describe the corresponding binding interactions. Finally, we also provided the challenges and future directions for utilizing histone demethylases in cancer therapy, such as PROTACs and molecular glue etc.

Small molecules targeting selected histone methyltransferases (HMTs) for cancer treatment: Current progress and novel strategies.

Histone methyltransferases (HMTs) play a critical role in gene post-translational regulation and diverse physiological processes, and are implicated in a plethora of human diseases, especially cancer. Increasing evidences demonstrate that HMTs may serve as a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Thus, the development of HMTs inhibitor have been pursued with steadily increasing interest over the past decade. However, the disadvantages such as insufficient clinical efficacy, moderate selectivity, and propensity for acquired resistance have hindered the development of conventional HMT inhibitors. New technologies and methods are imperative to enhance the anticancer activity of HMT inhibitors. In this review, we first review the structure and biological functions of the several essential HMTs, such as EZH2, G9a, PRMT5, and DOT1L. The internal relationship between these HMTs and cancer is also expounded. Next, we mainly focus on the latest progress in the development of HMT modulators encompassing dual-target inhibitors, targeted protein degraders and covalent inhibitors from perspectives such as rational design, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and clinical status. Lastly, we also discuss the challenges and future directions for HMT-based drug discovery for cancer therapy.

Identification of SLC12A8 as a valuable prognostic biomarker and immunotherapeutic target by comprehensive pan-cancer analysis.

Solute carrier family 12 member 8 (SLC12A8) is a nicotinamide mononucleotide transporter. Despite emerging evidence supporting its potential involvement in oncogenesis, a systematic pan-cancer analysis of SLC12A8 has not been performed. Thus, this research aimed to explore the prognostic implications of SLC12A8 and assess its possible immune-related functions across 33 different tumor types. And multiple datasets were retrieved from the databases of TCGA, GTEx, Broad Institute CCLE, TISCH, HPA, and GDSC2. After this data acquisition, bioinformatics analyses were conducted to assess the potential involvement of SLC12A8 in cancer pathogenesis. These analyses focused on examining the relationship between SLC12A8 and prognosis, drug sensitivity, chemotherapy response, immune checkpoints (ICPs), immune cell infiltration, and immunotherapy efficacy across various tumor types. Furthermore, experimental methods such as EdU assay, wound healing assay, and transwell assay were conducted to evaluate the cell proliferative and invasive abilities. Finally, the data analysis demonstrated that SLC12A8 was differentially expressed and predicted unfavorable survival outcomes in the majority of the tumor types in the TCGA dataset. Furthermore, a notable upregulation in the expression of SLC12A8 mRNA and protein was observed in cancer tissues compared to normal tissues. Additionally, the SLC12A8 levels demonstrated a strong association with ICPs, chemokines, immune-activating genes, immune-suppressive genes, chemokine receptors, chemotherapy response, and immunotherapy efficacy. In vitro experiments substantiated that knockdown of SLC12A8 restricted the malignant phenotypes of MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 cells. So SLC12A8 holds promise as a cancer biomarker with the capacity to interact with other ICPs to synergistically regulate the immune microenvironment. Thus, the identification of SLC12A8 contributes to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapy.

Eutectogel Electrolyte Constructs Robust Interfaces for High-Voltage Safe Lithium Metal Battery.

Dramatic growth of lithium dendrite, structural deterioration of LiCoO2 (LCO) cathode at high voltages, and unstable electrode/electrolyte interfaces pose significant obstacles to the practical application of high-energy-density LCO||Li batteries. In this work, a novel eutectogel electrolyte is developed by confining the nonflammable eutectic electrolyte in a polymer matrix. The eutectogel electrolyte can construct a robust solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) with inorganic-rich LiF and Li3N, contributing to a uniform Li deposition. Besides, the severe interface side reactions between LCO cathode and electrolyte can be retarded with an in situ formed protective layer. Correspondingly, Li||Li symmetrical cells achieve highly reversible Li plating/stripping over 1000 h. The LCO||Li full cell can maintain 72.5% capacity after 1500 cycles with a decay rate of only 0.018% per cycle at a high charging voltage of 4.45 V. Moreover, the well-designed eutectogel electrolyte can even enable the stable operation of LCO at an extremely high cutoff voltage of 4.6 V. This work introduces a promising avenue for the advancement of eutectogel electrolytes, the nonflammable nature and well-regulated interphase significantly push forward the future application of lithium metal batteries and high-voltage utilization of LCO cathode.