Association between CCND1 and XPC polymorphisms and bladder cancer risk: a meta-analysis based on 15 case-control studies.

Perturbations in cell cycle and DNA repair genes might affect susceptibility to cancer. The aim of this meta-analysis is to generate large-scale evidence to determine the degree to which common Cyclin D1 (CCND1) G870A (dbSNP: rs603965) and xeroderma pigmentosum group C (XPC) Ala499Val (dbSNP: rs2228000) polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to bladder cancer. The electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CNKI were searched for relevant studies (with an upper date limit of July 25, 2013). The principal outcome measure for evaluating the strength of association was crude odds ratios (ORs) along with their corresponding confidence intervals (95%CIs). We found and reviewed nine case-control studies on CCND1 G870A with a total of 6,823 subjects and seven studies on XPC Ala499Val with a total of 7,674 subjects. Our meta-analysis provides evidence that the variant genotype of CCND1 G870A showed a significant association in the occurrence of invasive bladder tumors in former and current smokers. The XPC Ala499Val polymorphism correlated with significant differences between patients and unaffected subjects, but when the groups were stratified by ethnicity, the magnitude of the overall effect was similar only among Caucasian populations. Results from our meta-analysis support the view that the G870A polymorphism may modulate the risk of bladder cancer in conjunction with tobacco smoking and that the Ala499Val polymorphism may contribute to the susceptibility to bladder cancer in Caucasian populations. Our findings, however, warrant larger well-designed studies to investigate the significance of these two polymorphisms as markers of susceptibility to bladder cancer.

[Effects of bladder neck preservation and reconstruction of rhabdosphincter on urinary continence recovery after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy].

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze the effects of bladder neck preservation (BNP) and reconstruction of rhabdosphincter (RS) on urinary continence recovery for patients after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP). METHODS: Bladder neck preservation plus reconstruction of rhabdosphincter (BNP+RS) was employed in 18 prostate cancer patients after LRP from January 2011 to December 2012. Eighteen contemporary cases of routine LRP were selected for control group. The operative duration, blood loss volume, postoperative surgical margins, urine leakage and continence rate were compared between two groups. RESULTS: LRP was successfully performed through extraperitoneal space in all 36 cases. There was no conversion into open surgery. The median operative duration, blood loss volume, positive surgical margins and urine leakage rate in BNP+RS and control groups were 164 (125-245) versus 142 (95-210) min, 195 (80-550) versus 230 (120-400) ml, 3 versus 2 cases and 0 versus 2 cases respectively. At 3, 6, 12 months, the continence rates in BNP+RS and control groups were 12 cases (66.7%) versus 5 cases (13.9%, P = 0.044) , 15 cases(83.3%) versus 11 cases (30.6%, P = 0.264) and 16 cases (88.9%) versus 13 cases (36.1%, P = 0.402) respectively. A significant higher continence rate in the first 3 months postoperatively was found in BNP+RS group than control group. CONCLUSION: BNP plus RS reconstruction after LRP can significantly improve continence in the first 3 months after operation.

[Retroperitoneal laparoscopic decortication and adrenalectomy for the therapy of adrenal cysts].

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical characteristics of adrenal cysts and compare the therapeutic results of two different laparoscopic surgical techniques. METHODS: Sixteen patients of adrenal cysts were summarized retrospectively from May 2005 to June 2012. Their clinical manifestations, pathological features, therapeutic effects and prognosis were analyzed. There were 7 males and 9 females aged 39.4 (25-68) years.Eight patients were symptomatic and the others were identified incidentally. They underwent laparoscopic surgery through retroperitoneal space, including adrenalectomy (n = 11) and decortication (n = 5). RESULTS: All were confirmed as adrenal cysts by postoperative pathological examination.It accounted for around 7.5% of adrenal disease treated surgically at our department cutaneous. The diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging was 11/16 and 3/3 respectively. The mean diameter of cyst was 5.3 (1-14) cm and no apparent endocrine abnormalities were found. The symptoms of 7/8 patients were relieved after a mean 48 months follow-up.No recurrence was found in this cohort. The average operative duration and estimated volume of blood loss were significantly less in laparoscopic decortication group ( (48 ± 10) min, (16 ± 11) ml) than laparoscopic adrenalectomy group ((74 ± 21) min, (34 ± 30) ml) . CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic surgery is an effective procedure for the treatment of adrenal cysts. And retroperitoneal laparoscopic decortication may be preferred treatment option for large benign adrenal cysts.

[Hereditary tendency of varicocele].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the hereditary tendency of varicocele. METHODS: We included in this study 112 varicocele patients, 117 direct male relatives of the patients, and 100 healthy men as controls. We compared the incidence of varicocele tween the direct relative group and the control group. RESULTS: The direct male relatives of the varicocele patients had a significantly higher incidence of varicocele than the healthy controls (36.8% vs 17%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The increased incidence of varicocele in the direct male relatives of the patients indicated a hereditary tendency of the disease.

[Relationship of body mass index with cancer detection in prostate biopsy].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship of body mass index with cancer detection on prostate biopsy. METHODS: A total of 168 patients undergoing a prostate biopsy were divided into obese and non-obese groups by BMI ≥ 25 or < 25. Then the differences of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, prostate volume, prostate cancer detection rate and pathology result between two groups. RESULTS: The obese group had a higher rate of cancer detection than the non-obese group [67.1% (51/76) vs 48.9% (45/92), P < 0.05]. Logistics regression analysis showed that BMI ≥ 25 had a positive correlation with cancer detection on biopsy. CONCLUSION: Body mass index can raise the risk of prostate cancer on biopsy.

Metformin use and prostate cancer risk: A meta-analysis of cohort studies.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between metformin use and the risk of prostate cancer is still inconclusive. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all eligible cohort studies to evaluate a potential association of metformin use with prostate cancer risk. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed and Web of Science databases through July 2018. A DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was applied to calculate the pooled relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: Eighteen cohort or nested case-control studies were included in this study with a total of 52,328 cases. In a random-effect pooled analysis, metformin use was not significantly associated with the risk of prostate cancer (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.80-1.16, P = .711). Statistically significant heterogeneity was identified among included studies (P < .001, I = 98.1%). Sensitivity analysis indicated that no single study dominated the pooled RR. CONCLUSION: The present large meta-analysis of cohort studies did not find an association between metformin use and prostate cancer risk.

Prognostic role of platelet to lymphocyte ratio in prostate cancer: A meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Recently, the prognostic value of the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) has been identified in multiple cancers. However, the prognostic significance of the PLR in prostate cancer (PCa) remains conflicting. We therefore searched relevant studies and conducted a meta-analysis. METHODS: Papers from the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were retrieved. Six studies comprising 1324 patients were included. RESULTS: The pooled analysis demonstrated that an elevated PLR predicted poor overall survival (OS; HR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.51-2.25, P < .001) and disease-free survival (DFS; HR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.1-1.79, P = .007). Subgroup analyses showed that the PLR remained a significant prognostic factor for OS irrespective of ethnicity, tumor stage, or cut-off value. The PLR was an indicator of poor DFS in Asian patients, but not in Caucasian patients. No significant publication bias was detected. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis showed that a high PLR was correlated with poor DFS and OS in patients with prostate cancer. Due to this meta-analysis being derived from a few studies, the results should be validated in clinical practice.

Allium vegetables and risk of prostate cancer: evidence from 132,192 subjects.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between allium vegetable intake and risk of prostate cancer. METHODS: A systematic literature search up to May 2013 was carried out in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane register, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases, and the references of retrieved articles were also screened. The summary relative risks with 95% confidence interval for the highest versus the lowest intake of allium vegetables were calculated. Heterogeneity and publication bias were also evaluated. RESULTS: A total of nine epidemiological studies consisting of six case-control and three prospective cohort studies were included. We found a significantly decreased risk of prostate cancer for intake of allium vegetables (OR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.70, 0.97). Moreover, in the subgroup analysis stratified by allium vegetable types, significant associations were observed for garlic (OR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.64-0.91) but not onions (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.62-1.13). CONCLUSIONS: Allium vegetables, especially garlic intake, are related to decreased risk of prostate cancer. Because of the limited number of studies, further well-designed prospective studies are warranted to confirm the findings of our study.