RESUMO
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) of domestic and wild cervids in North America. To address possible prevention regimens for CWD, we have used a mouse model system and the Rocky Mountain Laboratory (RML) mouse-adapted scrapie prion strain to screen efficacy of potential vaccine candidates. Three peptides derived from the primary amino acid sequence of the prion protein were conjugated to blue carrier protein (BCP) and formulated in an adjuvant containing M. avium subsp. avium. CL57/BL6 mice were vaccinated and boosted with 50 microg of the carrier protein-peptide conjugate formulation; all vaccines produced a humoral immune response as measured by ELISA. Disease challenge with the RML scrapie prion strain revealed anti-prion activity was generated by the vaccine formulations as measured by a delay in clinical disease onset and prolonged survivorship.
Assuntos
Imunoterapia/métodos , Proteínas PrPSc/imunologia , Vacinas/imunologia , Vacinas/farmacologia , Doença de Emaciação Crônica/imunologia , Doença de Emaciação Crônica/terapia , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/farmacologia , Animais , Formação de Anticorpos/efeitos dos fármacos , Formação de Anticorpos/imunologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Epitopos/imunologia , Feminino , Tolerância Imunológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Tolerância Imunológica/imunologia , Imunidade Inata/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunidade Inata/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Proteínas PrPSc/química , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do Tratamento , Vacinas/síntese química , Doença de Emaciação Crônica/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
We describe the process of adapting a community-level, evidence-based behavioral intervention (EBI), Community PROMISE, for HIV-positive African American men who have sex with men (AAMSM). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Map of the Adaptation Process (MAP) guided the adaptation process for this new target population by two community-based organizations (CBOs) working in partnership with two research organizations. We describe five steps of the MAP, assessment, selection, preparation, pilot, and implementation, and the use of qualitative interviews, field observations, and a cross-sectional survey. We recommend: (1) development of a centralized interactive website, listserv, or other resources where agencies adapting EBIs can share tools, materials, experiences, lessons learned, and best practices; (2) strengthening Funding Opportunity Announcements by funding incrementally in phases linked to the MAP; and (3) research should examine (a) whether EBIs adapted by CBOs remain efficacious and (b) the best "fit" between the cultural and climate characteristics of effective collaborations between community- and research-based organizations.