Loss of sylvian fissure asymmetry in schizophrenia. A quantitative post mortem study.

The sylvian fissure is known to be one of the most asymmetric structures of the human brain. Sylvian fissure length was measured in post-mortem brains of 35 schizophrenic patients and 33 matched non psychiatric control subjects. The schizophrenics showed a significantly reduced length of the left sylvian fissure (-16%, p less than 0.0001) compared to the control subjects, while the right sylvian fissure length was unchanged. Sylvian fissure asymmetry (left/right ratio) was more reduced in male schizophrenics (-24%, p less than 0.001) than in female patients (-16%, p less than 0.03). This finding is consistent with several post-mortem and MRI studies showing left temporal lobe pathology in a significant proportion of patients and may indicate that schizophrenia is a disorder of early neurodevelopment causing impaired cerebral lateralization.

[Cells in the cerebrospinal fluid of dogs and cats. Part 2]. / Zellen im Liquor cerebrospinalis von Hund und Katze. Teil 2.

Three groups of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cells can be formed: 1. cells of the normal CSF, such as monocytes, small lymphocytes and occasionally cells of the ventricle system, 2. cells found in dogs and cats with neurologic disorders, such as reactive monocytes and lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils and eosinophils in addition to cells of the first group, 3. neoplastic cells. The different cells are introduced and their origin, function and occurrence are discussed. Mitotic figures, degenerated cells and artefacts are also mentioned.

[Cytology of the cerebrospinal fluid of dogs and cats with symptoms of meningitis/meningoencephalitis. Part 3]. / Zytologie des Liquor cerebrospinalis von Hund und Katze bei Symptomen einer Meningitis/Meningoenzephalomyelitis. Teil 3.

A review of the literature of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology of different forms of meningitis/meningoencephalomyelitis in dogs and cats is given. Eight dogs and three cats with signs of meningitis/meningoencephalitis are presented. Four dogs and one cat improved to normal for 1-3 years. The results of CSF cytology of cases whose etiology could not be determined are compared with those of thirteen dogs with distemper. In 8 of 13 sediments eosinophilic inclusions in monocytes and macrophages were found.

[Cytology of the cerebrospinal fluid in dogs with brain tumors and spinal cord compression. Part 4]. / Zytologie des Liquor cerebrospinalis bei Hirntumoren und Rückenmarkskompressionen des Hundes. Teil 4.

The results of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology of 9 dogs with brain tumors and 50 dogs with spinal cord compression are discussed. Of the 50 dogs with spinal cord compression, disc protrusion was diagnosed in 31, myelomalacia in 7, discospondylitis in 3 and spinal cord tumors in 9 dogs. In 4 of 9 dogs with brain tumors, tumor cells could be found by the sedimentation apparatus of Kölmel. Pleocytosis existed in 6 patients. In about 70% (29 of 41) of cases with disc protrusion, more than 200 cells could be evaluated in the CSF sediment, consisting mostly of transformed lymphocytes and activated monocytes. As the neurologic deficits increased, the amount of cells and especially cell complexes increased. This was especially evident in cases with myelomalacia of the spinal cord. Only in cases with discospondylitis or spinal cord neoplasia was the CSF cytology unchanged.