Cancer risk-reducing surgery: Brazilian society of surgical oncology guideline part 1 (gynecology and breast).

BACKGROUND: Risk-reducing operations are an important part of the management of hereditary predisposition to cancer. In selected cases, they can considerably reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with cancer in this population. OBJECTIVES: The Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology (BSSO) developed this guideline to establish national benchmarks for cancer risk-reducing operations. METHODS: The guideline was prepared from May to December 2021 by a multidisciplinary team of experts to discuss the surgical management of cancer predisposition syndromes. Fourteen questions were defined and assigned to expert groups that reviewed the literature and drafted preliminary recommendations. Following a review by the coordinators and a second review by all participants, the groups made final adjustments, classified the level of evidence, and voted on the recommendations. RESULTS: For all questions including risk-reduction bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, hysterectomy, and mastectomy, major agreement was achieved by the participants, always using accessible alternatives. CONCLUSION: This and its accompanying article represent the first guideline in cancer risk reduction surgery developed by the BSSO, and it should serve as an important reference for the management of families with cancer predisposition.

Panorama of Gynecologic Cancer in Brazil.

PURPOSE: Little is known, or has been published previously, regarding consolidated data on the epidemiology of gynecologic cancers (GC) in Brazil. This article describes the incidence, morbidity, and mortality of women in Brazil affected with GC between the years of 2000 and 2017. METHODS: Incidence, morbidity, and mortality data from patients with a diagnosis of one out of the five most common GC, cervical (CC), uterine (UC), ovarian (OC), vulvar (VvC), and vaginal (VgC), were obtained from three governmental sources of data. RESULTS: From 2000 to 2015 CC, OC, and VgC incidence rates (IRs) decreased, whereas the IRs for UC and VvC remained relatively stable. Data from 382,932 women with GC were analyzed. Most patients presented with locally advanced or advanced disease at diagnosis: 60.1% of patients with CC, 31.2% of patients with UC, 67.2% of patients with OC, 45.2% of patients with VvC, and 67.0% of patients with VgC. Time from diagnosis to first treatment was ≥ 60 days in 58.0% of patients with CC, 58.5% of patients with UC, 27.0% of patients with OC, 55.3% of patients with VvC, and 52.7% of patients with VgC. Regarding mortality rates (MRs), with the exception of CC, UC, and VvC, which showed a slight decrease, MRs remained stable between 2000 and 2017. CONCLUSION: A comparison with international data indicates that Brazilian patients are diagnosed with more advanced disease and face a longer delay between diagnosis and first treatment. Despite advances in screening and treatment, GC mortality has not decreased satisfactorily in this country.

Avaliação das complicações após gastrectomias radicais em Pacientes tratados com quimioterapia neoadjuvante no Instituto Nacional de Câncer

O câncer gástrico é o quarto tumor mais freqüente no mundo. No Brasil, esses tumores aparecem em terceiro lugar na incidência entre homens e em quinto entre as mulheres. A ressecção gástrica completa com margens negativas (R0) é o principal fator de cura para câncer gástrico. A metade dos pacientes apresenta-se em estágio avançado ao diagnóstico e foi necessária a introdução da quimioterapia neoadjuvante e/ou adjuvante para melhora da sobrevida desses pacientes. A terapia neoadjuvante é vantajosa, pois não atrasa a quimioterapia de um paciente devido uma recuperação prolongada pós-operatória ouressecção cirúrgica inadequada e, tem o potencial de reduzir o volume tumoral, tornando o paciente operável, além de aumentar a taxa de ressecção R0 e a sobrevida. São limitados os dados disponíveis sobre complicações pós-operatória em pacientes submetidos aquimioterapia neoadjuvante para o câncer gástrico. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a morbidade e mortalidade dos pacientes portadores de adenocarcinoma gástricos submetidos a quimioterapia neoadjuvante seguidos de gastrectomia total