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1.
Acta Cytol ; 58(4): 383-7, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25034702

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To elaborate figures that highlight the microscopic appearance of amastigote forms of the genus Leishmania and other structures subject to confusion during the routine of the direct examination of tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL). STUDY DESIGN: We reviewed imprint and scraping slides previously prepared from patients with a definite diagnosis. Smear examinations were performed with an immersion objective (×1,000) selecting structures of interest for photodocumentation and elaboration of the illustrations. RESULTS: We elaborated two 13 × 17 cm figures containing photomicrographs of amastigote forms with typical and atypical morphology of Leishmania parasites and other microorganisms, mainly fungi in the yeast-like phase and bacteria which could be confused with amastigote forms during the direct examination. CONCLUSIONS: The production of material like we show here is important and should be encouraged because of the need for constant training of professionals working in the area of TL diagnosis.


Assuntos
Citodiagnóstico/métodos , Leishmania/isolamento & purificação , Leishmaniose/diagnóstico , Leishmaniose/parasitologia , Parasitologia/métodos , Humanos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Manejo de Espécimes
2.
Rev Bras Epidemiol ; 17 Suppl 1: 116-30, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês, Português | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25054258

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This study describes the sexual behavior among students who participated in the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE) 2012 and investigates whether social inequalities, the use of psychoactive substances and the dissemination of information on sexual and reproductive health in school are associated with differences in behavior. METHODOLOGY: The response variable was the sexual behavior described in three categories (never had sexual intercourse, had protected sexual intercourse, had unprotected sexual intercourse). The explanatory variables were grouped into socio- demographic characteristics, substance use and information on sexual and reproductive health in school. Variables associated with the conduct and unprotected sex were identified through multinomial logistic regression, using "never had sexual intercourse" as a reference. RESULTS: Over nearly a quarter of the adolescents have had sexual intercourse in life, being more frequent among boys. About 25% did not use a condom in the last intercourse. Low maternal education and work increased the chance of risky sexual behavior. Any chance of protected and unprotected sex increased with the number of psychoactive substances used. Among those who don't receive guidance on the prevention of pregnancy in school, the chance to have sexual intercourse increased, with the largest magnitude for unprotected sex (OR = 1.41 and OR = 1.87 ). CONCLUSION: The information on preventing pregnancy and STD/AIDS need to be disseminated before the 9th grade. Social inequalities negatively affect risky sexual behavior. Substance use is strongly associated with unprotected sex. Information on the prevention of pregnancy and STD/AIDS need to be disseminated early.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Assunção de Riscos , Comportamento Sexual/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Brasil , Criança , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Masculino , Análise Multivariada , Instituições Acadêmicas , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia
3.
Cad Saude Publica ; 30(1): 201-6, 2014 Jan.
Artigo em Português | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24627026

RESUMO

Autonomy in financial management is an advantage in public administration. A 2009 National Healthcare Facility Survey showed that 3.9% of Brazil's 52,055 public healthcare facilities had some degree of financial autonomy. Such autonomy was more common in inpatient facilities (17.8%), those managed by State governments (26.3%), and in Southern Brazil (6.6%). Autonomy was mainly partial (for resources in specific areas, relating to small outlays, consumables and capital goods, and outsourced services or personnel). 74.3% of 2,264 public facilities with any financial autonomy were under direct government administration. Financial autonomy in public healthcare facilities appears to be linked to local political decisions and not necessarily to the facility's specific legal and administrative status. However, legal status displays distinct scopes of autonomy - those under direct government administration tend to be less autonomous, and those under private businesses more autonomous; 85.8% of the 45,394 private healthcare facilities reported that they were financially autonomous.


Assuntos
Instalações de Saúde/economia , Setor Privado/economia , Setor Público/economia , Brasil , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde/economia , Instalações de Saúde/classificação , Instalações de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Administração de Instituições de Saúde , Humanos , Setor Privado/legislação & jurisprudência , Setor Público/legislação & jurisprudência
4.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 17(supl.1): 116-130, 2014. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-715745

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This study describes the sexual behavior among students who participated in the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE) 2012 and investigates whether social inequalities, the use of psychoactive substances and the dissemination of information on sexual and reproductive health in school are associated with differences in behavior. METHODOLOGY: The response variable was the sexual behavior described in three categories (never had sexual intercourse, had protected sexual intercourse, had unprotected sexual intercourse). The explanatory variables were grouped into socio- demographic characteristics, substance use and information on sexual and reproductive health in school. Variables associated with the conduct and unprotected sex were identified through multinomial logistic regression, using "never had sexual intercourse" as a reference. RESULTS: Over nearly a quarter of the adolescents have had sexual intercourse in life, being more frequent among boys. About 25% did not use a condom in the last intercourse. Low maternal education and work increased the chance of risky sexual behavior. Any chance of protected and unprotected sex increased with the number of psychoactive substances used. Among those who don't receive guidance on the prevention of pregnancy in school, the chance to have sexual intercourse increased, with the largest magnitude for unprotected sex (OR = 1.41 and OR = 1.87 ). CONCLUSION: The information on preventing pregnancy and STD/AIDS need to be disseminated before the 9th grade. Social inequalities negatively affect risky sexual behavior. Substance use is strongly associated with unprotected sex. Information on the prevention of pregnancy and STD/AIDS need to be disseminated early. .


OBJETIVO: Este estudo descreve o comportamento sexual entre estudantes que participaram da Pesquisa Nacional sobre a Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE) 2012 e investiga se as desigualdades sociais, o uso de substâncias psicoativas e a presença de informações sobre a saúde sexual e reprodutiva na escola estão associados a diferenças nesse comportamento. METODOLOGIA: A variável resposta foi o comportamento sexual descrito em três categorias (nunca teve relação sexual, teve relação sexual com proteção, teve relação sexual sem proteção). As variáveis explicativas foram agrupadas em características sociodemográficas, uso de substâncias psicoativas e informações sobre saúde sexual e reprodutiva na escola. As variáveis associadas a realizar sexo com e sem proteção foram identificadas por meio de regressão logística multinomial, tendo como referência "não teve relação sexual". RESULTADOS: Mais de um quarto dos adolescentes já tiveram relação sexual na vida, sendo mais frequente entre os meninos. Cerca de 25% não fizeram uso de preservativo na última relação sexual. Baixa escolaridade materna e trabalhar aumentaram a chance de comportamento sexual de risco. Tanto a chance de sexo protegido quanto de desprotegido aumentou com o número de substâncias psicoativas utilizadas. Entre os que não recebem orientação sobre prevenção de gravidez na escola, a chance ter relação sexual aumentou, sendo a magnitude maior para sexo desprotegido (OR = 1,87). CONCLUSÃO: As informações sobre prevenção de gravidez e DST/AIDS necessitam ser disseminadas antes da 9ª série. As desigualdades sociais afetam negativamente o comportamento sexual de risco. O uso de substâncias ...


Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Comportamento do Adolescente , Assunção de Riscos , Comportamento Sexual/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Análise Multivariada , Instituições Acadêmicas , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia
5.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 89(1): 41-5, jan.-mar. 1994. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-155806

RESUMO

The high rate of natural Trypanosoma cruzi infection found in opossums does not always correlate with appreciable densities of local triatomid populations. One alternative method which might bypass the invertebrate vector is direct transmission from mother to offspring. This possibility was investigated in five T. cruzi infected females and their litters (24 young). The influence of maternal antibodies transferred via lactation, on the course of experimental infection, was also examined. Our results show that neonatal transmission is probably not responsible for the high rate of natural T. cruzi infection among opossums. In addition antibodies of maternal origin confer a partial protection to the young. This was demonstrated by the finding of a double prepatency period and 4,5 fold lower levels of circulating parasites, in experimentally infected pouch young from infected as compared to control uninfected mothes. On the other hand, the duration of patent parasitemia was twice as long as that observed in the control group


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/imunologia , Doença de Chagas/veterinária , Gambás/parasitologia , Imunidade Materno-Adquirida/imunologia , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Trypanosoma cruzi/imunologia , Doença de Chagas/imunologia , Doença de Chagas/transmissão
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