[REGRESSION OF ATHEROSCLECROTIC LESIONS: MEDICAMENTAL AND ALIMENTARY FACTORS].

The article reports results of clinical studies aimed to elucidate the influence of medicines on the size and density of atherosclerotic plaques in the walls of coronary and cerebral arteries. The phenomenon of regression of atherosclerotic lesions in the survivors of Leningrad siege during a long period of starvation is analyzed. The influence of inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme on apoptosis of smooth muscle and foam cells of atherosclerotic plaques in the sanological mechanisms of atherosclerosis is discussed. The concept of natural regression of atherosclerosis is formulated and the necessity of development of the methods for is pharmacological activation are formulated.

[Physiological basis of survival and rehabilitation of the residents of blockaded Leningrad].

The authors attribute survival of certain residents of blockaded Leningrad under conditions ofcomplete starvation to activation of natural sanologic mechanisms of the body. Physiological psychoemotional stress is supposed to contribute to the formation of prerequisites for survival during subsequent starvation. Also, the survival is believed to be related to selected activation of apoptosis of renewable cells and utilization of their constituents in endogenous nutrition. The role of priority energetic and trophic support of brain and kidneys and the contribution of the psychosomatic factor are postulated. The mechanisms of rehabilitation after upset of vital activity involve partial reversibility of atrophic and metabolic processes and neural regulation of organs and their systems. The importance of the study of activation of natural sanologic mechanisms in extreme conditions is discussed

[Leningrad blockade and its medical implications. Part 1].

Medical consequences of Leningrad blockade are considered from the standpoint of modern science. Pathologies acquired by blockade survivors are regarded as extreme polymorbid conditions caused by combined effect of prolonged psychemotional stress, largest-scale famine, and hypothermia responsible for undermining vital functions. Special emphasis is laid on the role of nervous system dysregulation in the development of many diseases. The influence of physiological and pathological stress on the outcome of alimentary dystrophia is discussed in the psychosomatic context. Pathogenesis of dystrophia and Leningrad hypertension is analysed. Mechanisms of survival and rehabilitation in subjects with persistent traces of blockade pathology are considered.

[Leningrad blockade and its medical implications. Part 2].

Medical consequences of Leningrad blockade are considered from the standpoint of modern science. Pathologies acquired by blockade survivors are regarded as extreme polymorbid conditions caused by combined effect of prolonged psychemotional stress, largest-scale famine, and hypothermia responsible for undermining vital functions. Special emphasis is laid on the role of nervous system dysregulation in the development of many diseases. The influence of physiological and pathological stress on the outcome of alimentary dystrophia is discussed in the psychosomatic context. Pathogenesis of dystrophia and "Leningrad" hypertension is analysed. Mechanisms of survival and rehabilitation in subjects with persistent traces of blockade pathology are considered.

[Data on a study of the nature of secondary immunodeficient states. I. An immunophysiological analysis of the mechanisms of allergic reaction suppression in experimental lesion of the structures of the dorsal hippocampus]. / Materialy k izucheniiu prirody vtorichnykh immunodefitsitnykh sostoianii. Soob-shchenie I. Immunofiziologicheskii analiz mekhanizmov ugneteniia allergicheskikh reaktsii pri éksperimental'nom porazhenii struktur dorsal'nogo gippokampa.

Experiments on rabbits demonstrated that local electrocoagulation of the dorsal hyppocampus portions by means of the implanted electrodes caused reduction of the complementary and lysozyme activity of the blood serum, inhibited the development of Arthus' skin allergic-reaction, decreased the intensity of systemic anaphylaxis to the blood serum antigens, this being accompanied by a relative fall of the precipitating antibodies titres and a reduction of the vagus response of the heart to adrenaline.

[Detection of latent spontaneous pathology of the central nervous system and visceral organs in rabbits by determining antibodies to tissue antigens and by a test for delayed hypersensitivity]. / Vyiavlenie skrytoi spontannoi patologii tsentral'noi nervnoi sistemy i vistseral'nykh organov u krolikov pri pomoshchi opredeleniia antitel k tkanevym antigenam i testa na giperchuvstvitel'nost' zamedlennogo tipa.

Complex immunological, pathologicoanatomic and histopathological examination of intact rabbits revealed a correlation between the appearance of complement fixation antibodies and delayed hypersensitivity to tissue antigens on the one hand and the development of spontaneous pathology of the corresponding organs on the other. Meningoencephalitis was diagnosed in all sick animals by means of immunological tests. Tests for antibodies and delayed hypersensitivity to tissue antigens revealed intracapillary glomerulonephritis, coccidiosis of the liver, and pneumonia. The authors recommend conduction of immunological tests for detecting latent spontaneous pathology in laboratory animals.

[Autoimmune reactions in experimental pathology of the hippocampus]. / Autoimmunnye reaktsii pri éksperimental'noi patologii gippokampa.

Experimental hippocampal pathology caused by the local electrolytic lesion of the dorsal hippocampal area was shown to induce synthesis of antibodies to neurotransmitters (epinephrine and serotonin) and to hippocampal, heart and lung tissue antigens.

[Role of the striatal serotoninergic apparatus in Parkinsonian syndrome]. / Uchastie serotoninergicheskogo apparata striatuma v parkinsonicheskom sindrome.

Injected into the rat caudate nuclei (CN) serotonin promotes the generator of pathologically enhanced excitation (GPEE) in CN and parkinsonian symptoms, induced by MPP+ injection into substantia nigra. Serotonin antibody injected in CN decreases the GPEE activity and partly suppresses the parkinsonian symptoms. The role of serotoninergic system in parkinsonism is discussed.

[Structural bases of the induction of immune reactions in emotional stress]. / Strukturnye osnovy induktsii immunnykh reaktsii pri émotsional'nom stresse.

Immobilization stress in rats can provoke damages of the brain parenchymal vessels, which are most pronounced in the reticular formation of the midbrain. In this case the blood plasma and cells enter the brain and the blood elements of brain tissue enter the circulation. Some experimental animals exhibit the serum complement-fixing brain antibodies and specific reactions of basophils to brain antigens 14 days after exposure to stress. Most of the rats reveal immune reactions and neurosensitivity a month later. Some of them exhibit the autoantibodies to norepinephrine and serotonin. It is suggested that stress-induced brain vascular damages may play an important role in the mechanisms of immune reaction induction.

[EEG changes and symptomatic parkinsonism after intracaudate administration of dopamine antibodies]. / Izmenenie EEG i iavleniia parkinsonizma pri intrakaudatnom vvedenii antitel k dofaminu.

Intracaudate bilateral injection of the dopamine antibodies caused the formation of the generator of pathologically enhanced excitation in caudate nuclei. All the rats exhibited the oligokinesia, rigidity and head tremor were observed in most animals. These abnormalities could be observed during 24 hours. The possible role of dopamine antibodies in parkinsonism pathogenesis is discussed.

[Dopamine antibodies in the pathogenesis of parkinsonism]. / Antitela k dopaminu v patogeneze parkinsonizma.

L-DOPA and dopamine (DA) binding antibodies were found in the blood serum of Parkinsonian patients and middle-aged and elderly normal persons. DA-binding serum gamma-globulins of parkinsonian patients injected into rat caudate nuclei induced the pathogenetic mechanism of Parkinson's syndrome (generator of pathologically enhanced excitation) in these brain part and evoked main parkinsonian symptoms (oligokinesia, rigidity, tremor). The serum gamma-globulins of Parkinsonian patients without Da-antibodies caused less pronounced EEG disturbances. Parkinsonian symptoms developed rarely and were shorter and less pronounced compared with the DA-antibody effect. The DA binding antibodies role in Parkinson's syndrome pathogenesis and is L-DOPA therapeutic tolerance formation was discussed.

[Dopamine antibodies in parkinsonism patients and their possible role in the pathogenesis of the parkinsonian syndrome]. / Antitela k dofaminu u bol'nykh parkinsonizmom i ikh vozmozhnaia rol' v patogeneze parkinsonicheskogo sindroma.

Dopamine antibodies (DAb) were found in the blood serum of parkinsonian patients, middle-aged and elderly, but not young. There was a correlation between the DAb incidence and dominant symptom in the middle-aged and elderly patients and between DAb and anginal parkinsonism in the elderly patients. DAb-binding serum gamma-globulins of parkinsonian patients injected into rat caudate nuclei induced the pathogenetic mechanism of Parkinson's syndrome (the generator of pathologically enhanced excitation-GPEE) in this brain part and evoked main parkinsonian symptoms (oligokinesia, rigidity and tremor). This effect was more expressed in the elderly rats compared with the young animals. The DAb role in the Parkinson's syndrome pathogenesis and in L-DOPA therapeutic tolerance formation is discussed.