A low rate of multiple maternity for pregnant male northern pipefish Syngnathus fuscus.

Microsatellite parentage analysis was applied to 22 broods of the northern pipefish Syngnathus fuscus for the first time. The majority of males mated singly, 23% of males mated with two females, and no males mated with more than two females. The arrangement of embryos within the brood pouch of multiply mated males reflects a previously undocumented fill pattern where full-sib groups are segregated within the pouch by both right and left sides as well as anterior and posterior ends.

Cardiovascular effects of total hip placement in man. With observations on the effects of methylmethacrylate on the isolated rabbit heart.

The cardiovascular effects of total hip placement were evaluated in 10 surgical patients, aged 55 to 82, while receiving fluroxene-N2O-O2 anesthesia. The anesthetic regimen caused mild cardiovascular depression. The placement of the acrylic cement into the acetabulum and femoral shaft also induced mild cardiovascular depression, but these changes were not significant at p less than 0.05. In one 67-yr-old woman, there were significant reductions of cardiac output and stroke volume 2 min after the insertion of acrylic into the femoral shaft, despite careful replacement of intravascular loss and careful anesthetic management. Methylmethacrylate (1 X 10(-6) to 1 X 10(-4), v/v) was administered to 24 isolated perfused rabbits hearts. These concentrations of methylmetacrylate are of the same order as measurable blood levels in surgical patients. There was a dose-dependent depression of left ventricular dP/dt correlated with a depression of the spontaneous heart rate. When the bradycardia was prevented by electrically pacing the hearts or the administration of atropine, the depressed dP/dt rose to control levels. Reduction in myocardial temperature and heart rate by means of reduction in perfusate temperature of the isolated hearts reduced the myocardial depressant effect of methylmethacrylate.

Patterns of clinical response and plasma dopa levels in Parkinson's disease.

Serial determinations of plasma dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) in 16 Parkinson's disease patients receiving levodopa showed a negative correlation between plasma dopa levels and disability scores among patients who exhibited daily fluctuations of signs and symptoms. This suggests that the amount of levodopa delivered to the brain from the periphery is of major importance in the production of the "on-off" phenomenon. A close relationship between plasma dopa levels and abnormal involuntary movements was present in six patients. In three a striking dissociation between control of Parkinson's disease and abnormal involuntary movements was present, suggesting that in some patients these two effects are mediated through different underlying mechanisms. Administration of levodopa in such a way as to prevent both high and low levels of dopa in plasma minimizes disability in Parkinson's disease and may lessen abnormal involuntary movements in patients with the "on-off" effect.

The relative safety of polymethylmethacrylate. A controlled clinical study of randomly selected patients treated with Charnley and ring total hip replacements.

Forty patients from a group of seventy elected to participate in a prospective randomized clinical study designed to evaluate the systemic effects of polymethylmethacrylate implanted with a Charnley total hip replacement, utilizing patients treated with a Ring total hip prosthesis ad controls. Intraoperative alterations in cardiovascular function were related to use of methylmethacrylate, but postoperative changes in pulmonary function, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum lactic acid dehydrogenase, serum glutamicoxalacetic transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase were not. Charnley total hip replacements were associated with more ectopic-bone formation twelve months postoperatively. The two "latent" infections recognized during the thirty-four months of the study were in hips without acrylic fixation.

The life cycle of Cloacitrema michiganensis McIntosh, 1938 (Trematoda: Philophthalmidae).

Experimental infections of Cloacitrema michiganensis were established in chicks by inoculation per cloaca with excysted metacercariae. Ovigerous adults were present 20 days later with eggs containing ocellate miracidia after 21 days. The eggs hatch in utero; the miracidium contains a fully developed redia. Rediae of 2 size groups were present in the digestive gland of the brackish-water snail, Cerithidea californica. Megalurous cercariae are released and encyst on submerged objects. The stages of C. michiganensis resembled those of Parorchis acanthus, a philophthalmid also infecting C. californica, except for differences in the epidermal plate count of their miracidia and in their cercarial stage which was larger in P. acanthus and had a spinuous tegument with a collar of spines.

Effects of phenol on card-agglutination and complement-fixation tests for bovine anaplasmosis.

Effects of adding phenol to sera used for the card-agglutination test (CAT) and for the micro-complement-fixation test (CFT) for bovine anaplasmosis were studied. Sera were obtained from 14 recently infected cattle, 17 cattle vaccinated with a killed anaplasmosis vaccine, 5 cattle in the carrier phase of the disease, and 45 cattle of unknown anaplasmosis status. Aliquots of sera were tested with and without phenol (0.25% final concentration). Phenol adversely affected the CAT by causing false-negative results. The CAT reactions of nonphenolized sera from recently infected cattle were all positive 4 weeks after inoculation, whereas CAT reactions of phenolized sera were not all positive until 10 weeks after inoculation. Nine non-phenolized sera from vaccinated cattle that were CAT-positive were CAT-negative after being phenolized. Phenolized sera from carrier cattle and from cattle of unknown anaplasmosis status were less reactive on the CAT than were nonphenolized sera. Effects of phenol on the CFT were not so obvious. Although phenol had little effect on end-titer results, it eliminated most prozones that cause false-negative CFT results at the 1:5 dilution. Without phenol, 30 of 215 sera would have been CFT-negative at this dilution because of prozones; with phenol, 6 would have been CFT-negative.

Clinical decision making in evaluating patients: a process study.

A volunteer patient was examined by five dentists experienced in caring for geriatric patients. The patient and dentist interaction was videotaped and reviewed to evaluate a previously generated hypothesis regarding the diagnosis process. This descriptive study suggests that dentists experienced in geriatric care did assess and evaluate a wide range of patient characteristics. However, they did not follow the previously hypothesized process in arriving at an appropriate treatment plan. Instead, they relied heavily on past experiences with similar situations. The possible implications of this process for treatment planning and teaching of geriatric dentistry are discussed.