Knowledge about COVID-19 and pandemic impact on Madrid dental students (Spain).

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has had a major impact on dental activity, with implications on dental education. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge about it and the pandemic impact on Spanish dental students. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An observational and cross-sectional study with a 17-items questionnaire was conducted. It was divided into three sections, sociodemographic data, self-perception and knowledge about the COVID-19 protective measures and repercussions on dental students. This survey was carried out in May 2020, and the response rate was 46.16%. The statistical analysis was performed by the Pearson chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: A total of 235 students responded to the questionnaire, with an average age of 22.3 years. Attendance at COVID-19 training courses, knowledge about the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) management and the incubation period had the worst results, compared to the knowledge about hand washing, wearing gloves and masks and symptomatology who got higher percentages. 31.1% of participants reported presenting symptomatology related to SARS-CoV-2, although only 8.2% were diagnosed and 46.6% suffered quarantine. 62.5% were afraid to catch the disease. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that there are deficiencies in the knowledge of important aspects of COVID-19 in dental students, which implies a commitment of the university in its training, as well as the realization of diagnostic controls for the disease. Key words:Dental students, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, survey, knowledge.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a patient with osteopetrosis and mutation in CLCN7: long-term follow-up.

INTRODUCTION: Osteopetrosis is a rare hereditary bone dysplasia characterized by insufficient osteoclast activity that results in increased bone mineral density. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can reverse skeletal abnormalities and restore hematopoiesis. CLINICAL CASE: We present the case of a 3-year and 2-month-old male patient with the diagnosis of osteopetrosis. The patient underwent allogeneic HSCT (Allo-HSCT) using 100% compatible bone marrow from a related and received a myeloablative conditioning regimen and a CD34 cell dose (4.7 × 107/kg). In the early post-transplant, frequent complications such as pneumonitis, hypercalcemia, and hyperphosphatemia ocurred. With a suitable granulocytic graft and chimerism of 100%, it was considered a successful transplant. However, the patient showed a delayed platelet graft treated with a platelet-stimulating factor for 6 months. The patient is currently disease-free, outpatient follow-up, with no data on graft-versus-host disease, and no progressive neurological damage. CONCLUSION: Osteopetrosis is a childhood disease that requires clinical suspicion and early diagnosis. HSCT is necessary at an early age to prevent disease progression and sensorineural, hematological, and endocrinological functions damage that can lead to death.

Respiratory viral infections in pediatric patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Background: Viral respiratory infections in pediatric patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) significantly impact morbidity and mortality. It is necessary to determine the viral agents and their frequency of presentation to understand their impact on transplantation patients' evolution. Methods: From January 2017 to December 2019, we conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive, and observational study of patients who underwent HSCT with a viral respiratory infection. Viral identification was performed using multiplex polymerase chain reaction for nine respiratory viruses. Descriptive statistics were performed with a report of central tendency measures and percentages. Results: Of the 54 pediatric patients who underwent HSCT, 59.2% presented an airway infection; in turn, at least one viral agent was identified in 59.3% of these patients. The most frequent viral agents were influenza (25.9%), human rhinovirus (18.5%), and respiratory syncytial virus (18.5%). Viral co-infections occurred in 36.8% of the cases. The reported complications were supplemental oxygen requirement (73.6%), support with mechanical ventilation (21%), admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (15.7%), and mortality associated with a viral respiratory infection (10.5%). Conclusions: Viral respiratory infections are frequent in pediatric patients with HSCT; influenza A/B virus was the most frequent agent. As morbidity and mortality increase due to these infections in patients with HSCT, strategies are necessary for its prevention and timely treatment after transplantation.

Introducción: Las infecciones respiratorias virales en los pacientes pediátricos con trasplante de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas (TCPH) impactan significativamente la morbilidad y la mortalidad. Para comprender su impacto en la evolución de los pacientes receptores de trasplantes es necesario conocer la frecuencia de presentación y los agentes virales. Métodos: De enero de 2017 a diciembre de 2019 se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal, descriptivo y observacional de los pacientes sometidos a TCPH que tuvieron una infección viral de vías respiratorias. La identificación de los virus se realizó por medio de la prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa multiplex para nueve virus respiratorios. Se realizó estadística descriptiva con reporte de medidas de tendencia central y porcentajes. Resultados: De los 54 pacientes incluidos, el 59.2% presentaron una infección de vías respiratorias y se identificó al menos un agente viral en el 59.3% de estos casos. Los virus más frecuentes fueron influenza (25.9%), rinovirus humano (18.5%) y virus sincitial respiratorio (18.5%). En el 36.8% de los casos se detectaron coinfecciones virales. Se presentaron las siguientes complicaciones: requerimiento de oxígeno suplementario (73.6%), soporte con ventilación mecánica (21%), ingreso a la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (15.7%) y muerte asociada a infección por virus respiratorios (10.5%). Conclusiones: Las infecciones respiratorias virales en los pacientes pediátricos con TCPH son frecuentes; el virus influenza A/B es el agente más habitual. Debido a que estas infecciones se asocian con mayor morbimortalidad en los pacientes con TCPH, son estrategias necesarias para su preven­ción y tratamiento oportuno posterior al trasplante.

Phenotyping genetic diseases using an extension of mu-scores for multivariate data.

As the field of genomics matures, more complex genotypes and phenotypes are being studied. Fanconi anemia (FA), for example, is an inherited chromosome instability syndrome with a complex array of variable disease phenotypes including congenital malformations, hematological manifestations, and cancer. To better understand specific aspects of the genetic etiology of FA and other rare diseases with complex phenotypes, it is often necessary to reduce the dimensions of the disease phenotype information. Towards this end, we extend a novel non-parametric approach to include information about a hierarchical structure among disease phenotypes. The proposed extension increases information content of the phenotype scores obtained and, thereby, the power of genotype-phenotype relationships studies.

An observational study of the frequency of supernumerary teeth in a population of 2000 patients.

OBJECTIVES: An evaluation is made of the epidemiological characteristics of supernumerary teeth, with an analysis of the associated clinical-eruptive complications. STUDY DESIGN: A longitudinal observational study was made of 2000 patients, with the documentation of demographic data, the presence of supernumerary teeth, their location, mechanical accidents and the presence of associated pathology. RESULTS: The presence of supernumerary teeth was recorded in 1.05% of the study subjects (mean age 20.2 years), with a greater frequency in males. The most frequent location was in the upper maxilla (79.2%), fundamentally in the retromolar zone and at premaxillary level. The presence of mechanical accidents was the most frequent complication (54%)--the displacement of adjacent teeth being the most common finding--along with the presence of follicular cysts. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of supernumerary teeth in our series was 1.05%, the most frequent location being at upper distomolar level. Mechanical accidents were the most frequent complication.

Respiratory viral infections in pediatric patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation / Infecciones respiratorias virales en pacientes pediátricos con trasplante de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas

Abstract Background: Viral respiratory infections in pediatric patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) significantly impact morbidity and mortality. It is necessary to determine the viral agents and their frequency of presentation to understand their impact on transplantation patients’ evolution. Methods: From January 2017 to December 2019, we conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive, and observational study of patients who underwent HSCT with a viral respiratory infection. Viral identification was performed using multiplex polymerase chain reaction for nine respiratory viruses. Descriptive statistics were performed with a report of central tendency measures and percentages. Results: Of the 54 pediatric patients who underwent HSCT, 59.2% presented an airway infection; in turn, at least one viral agent was identified in 59.3% of these patients. The most frequent viral agents were influenza (25.9%), human rhinovirus (18.5%), and respiratory syncytial virus (18.5%). Viral co-infections occurred in 36.8% of the cases. The reported complications were supplemental oxygen requirement (73.6%), support with mechanical ventilation (21%), admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (15.7%), and mortality associated with a viral respiratory infection (10.5%). Conclusions: Viral respiratory infections are frequent in pediatric patients with HSCT; influenza A/B virus was the most frequent agent. As morbidity and mortality increase due to these infections in patients with HSCT, strategies are necessary for its prevention and timely treatment after transplantation.

Resumen Introducción: Las infecciones respiratorias virales en los pacientes pediátricos con trasplante de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas (TCPH) impactan significativamente la morbilidad y la mortalidad. Para comprender su impacto en la evolución de los pacientes receptores de trasplantes es necesario conocer la frecuencia de presentación y los agentes virales. Métodos: De enero de 2017 a diciembre de 2019 se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal, descriptivo y observacional de los pacientes sometidos a TCPH que tuvieron una infección viral de vías respiratorias. La identificación de los virus se realizó por medio de la prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa multiplex para nueve virus respiratorios. Se realizó estadística descriptiva con reporte de medidas de tendencia central y porcentajes. Resultados: De los 54 pacientes incluidos, el 59.2% presentaron una infección de vías respiratorias y se identificó al menos un agente viral en el 59.3% de estos casos. Los virus más frecuentes fueron influenza (25.9%), rinovirus humano (18.5%) y virus sincitial respiratorio (18.5%). En el 36.8% de los casos se detectaron coinfecciones virales. Se presentaron las siguientes complicaciones: requerimiento de oxígeno suplementario (73.6%), soporte con ventilación mecánica (21%), ingreso a la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (15.7%) y muerte asociada a infección por virus respiratorios (10.5%). Conclusiones: Las infecciones respiratorias virales en los pacientes pediátricos con TCPH son frecuentes; el virus influenza A/B es el agente más habitual. Debido a que estas infecciones se asocian con mayor morbimortalidad en los pacientes con TCPH, son estrategias necesarias para su prevención y tratamiento oportuno posterior al trasplante.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a patient with osteopetrosis and mutation in CLCN7: long-term follow-up / Trasplante de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas en un paciente con osteopetrosis y mutación en CLCN7: seguimiento a largo plazo

Abstract Background: Osteopetrosis is a rare hereditary bone dysplasia characterized by insufficient osteoclast activity that results in increased bone mineral density. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can reverse skeletal abnormalities and restore hematopoiesis. Case report: We present the case of a 3-year and 2-month-old male patient with the diagnosis of osteopetrosis. The patient underwent allogeneic HSCT (Allo-HSCT) using 100% compatible bone marrow from a related donor and received a myeloablative conditioning regimen and a CD34 cell dose (4.7 × 107/kg). In the early post-transplant, frequent complications such as pneumonitis, hypercalcemia, and hyperphosphatemia ocurred. With a suitable granulocytic graft and chimerism of 100%, it was considered a successful transplant. However, the patient showed a delayed platelet graft treated with a platelet-stimulating factor for 6 months. The patient is currently disease-free, outpatient follow-up, with no data on graft-versus-host disease, and no progressive neurological damage. Conclusions: Osteopetrosis is a childhood disease that requires clinical suspicion and early diagnosis. HSCT is necessary at an early age to prevent disease progression and sensorineural, hematological, and endocrinological functions damage that can lead to death.

Resumen Introducción: La osteopetrosis es una displasia ósea hereditaria poco común, caracterizada por una actividad osteoclástica deficiente que aumenta la densidad mineral ósea. Se considera que el trasplante de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas (TCPH) puede revertir las anormalidades esqueléticas y restaurar la hematopoyesis. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de un paciente de sexo masculino, de 3 años y 2 meses de edad, con diagnóstico tardío de osteopetrosis. Se realizó un TCPH alogénico de donador relacionado 100% compatible con médula ósea. Se utilizaron un régimen de acondicionamiento mieloablativo y una dosis celular de CD34 de 4.7 × 107/kg de peso. En el postrasplante temprano, el paciente desarrolló complicaciones como neumonitis, hipercalcemia e hiperfosfatemia. Con un injerto granulocítico adecuado y quimerismo del 100% se consideró un trasplante exitoso. Sin embargo, el paciente presentó retraso en el injerto plaquetario, por lo que se administró factor estimulante de plaquetas por 6 meses. Actualmente el paciente se encuentra libre de enfermedad, en seguimiento ambulatorio, sin datos de enfermedad del injerto contra el hospedero y con pruebas de neurodesarrollo sin deterioro neurológico progresivo. Conclusiones: La osteopetrosis es una enfermedad infantil que requiere una sospecha clínica y un diagnóstico temprano, ya que es necesario un TCPH a corta edad como tratamiento para evitar la progresión de la enfermedad y el deterioro de las funciones neurosensoriales, hematológicas y endocrinológicas que puede derivar en la defunción del paciente.

Organizational injustice: third parties' reactions to mistreatment of employee.

BACKGROUND: Research on organizational injustice has mainly focused on the victim's perspective. This study attempts to contribute to our understanding of third parties' perspective by empirically testing a model that describes third party reactions to mistreatment of employees. METHOD: Data were obtained from a sample (N = 334) of Spanish employees from various organizations, nested into 66 work-groups, via a survey regarding their perceptions of organizational mistreatment. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The proposed model had a limited fit to the data and it was re-specified. Organizational mistreatment, employee performance, and employee organizational commitment explained internal attributions blaming the organization. Moreover, coworkers' organizational identification showed a positive impact on external attributions of responsibility. Lastly, supportive organizational climate and internal attributions accounted for a large percentage of variance in coworkers' perceptions of organizational unfairness. CONCLUSIONS: The final model explains the perceptions of injustice on the basis of internal attributions of responsibility in the face of organizational mistreatment of employees.

Environmental factors affecting transcription of the human L1 retrotransposon. I. Steroid hormone-like agents.

The L1 retrotransposon has significantly shaped the structure of the human genome. At least 30% of human genome sequence can be attributed to L1 reverse transcriptase activity. There are 10(5) copies of the human L1 retrotransposon, L1Hs, most of which are defective, although approximately 8-9 x 10(3) are full length. L1Hs elements transpose through an RNA intermediate and transcription is thought to be the rate limiting step in retrotransposition. Because transcription of retrotransposons in a variety of organisms has been shown to respond to environmental stimuli, we investigated the influence of various agents on transcription from two different L1Hs promoters. The activity of the L1Hs promoters was analyzed by transfecting L1Hs-expressing cell lines with plasmids containing the L1Hs promoters fused to the LacZ reporter gene and monitoring expression with a beta-galactosidase assay. Small increases in beta-galactosidase activity were observed with both L1Hs promoters after treatment with serum, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and organochloride pesticides, indicating that these agents can influence L1Hs transcription.

Environmental factors affecting transcription of the human L1 retrotransposon. II. Stressors.

Retrotransposons have clearly molded the structure of the human genome. The reverse transcriptase coded for by long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) accounts for 35% of the human genome, with 8-9 x 10(5) copies of the most common human LINE element, L1Hs. Retrotransposons cycle through an RNA intermediate with transcription as the rate limiting step. Because various retrotransposons have been demonstrated to be induced by environmental stimuli, we investigated the response of the L1Hs promoter to various agents. L1Hs promoter activity was analyzed by transfecting an L1Hs-expressing cell line with plasmids containing one of two L1Hs promoters fused to the LacZ reporter gene. L1Hs promoter activity was then monitored with a beta-galactosidase assay. Treatment with UV light and heat shock resulted in a small increase in beta-galactosidase activity from one promoter, while treatment with tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate resulted in small increases in beta-galactosidase activity from both promoters. No increase in beta-galactosidase activity was observed after exposure to X-rays or hydrogen peroxide.

Organizational injustice: third parties’ reactions to mistreatment of employee / Injusticia organizacional: reacciones de las terceras partes ante el maltrato al empleado

Background: Research on organizational injustice has mainly focused on the victim’s perspective. This study attempts to contribute to our understanding of third parties’ perspective by empirically testing a model that describes third party reactions to mistreatment of employees. Method: Data were obtained from a sample (N = 334) of Spanish employees from various organizations, nested into 66 work-groups, via a survey regarding their perceptions of organizational mistreatment. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Results: The proposed model had a limited fit to the data and it was re-specified. Organizational mistreatment, employee performance, and employee organizational commitment explained internal attributions blaming the organization. Moreover, coworkers’ organizational identification showed a positive impact on external attributions of responsibility. Lastly, supportive organizational climate and internal attributions accounted for a large percentage of variance in coworkers’ perceptions of organizational unfairness. Conclusions: The final model explains the perceptions of injustice on the basis of internal attributions of responsibility in the face of organizational mistreatment of employees (AU)

Antecedentes: la investigación sobre la justicia organizacional se ha centrado en la perspectiva de la víctima. En este estudio intenta contribuir en la comprensión de la perspectiva de las terceras partes comprobando empíricamente un modelo que describe las reacciones de la tercera parte ante el maltrato de los empleados. Método: los datos fueron obtenidos de una muestra (N= 334) de empleados españoles de diversas organizaciones, incluidos en 66 grupos de trabajo, a través de una encuesta relativa a sus percepciones maltrato organizacional. Se usó el modelado de ecuaciones estructurales para analizar los datos. Resultados: el modelo propuesto tuvo un ajuste limitado a los datos y fue re-especificado. El maltrato organizacional, el rendimiento del empleado y el compromiso organizacional explicaban las atribuciones culpando a la organización. Más aún, la identificación organizacional del observador influía positivamente sobre la atribución de responsabilidad hacia fuera de la organización. Además el clima organizacional de apoyo y las atribuciones internas daban cuenta de un importante porcentaje de la varianza en las percepciones de los compañeros sobre la injusticia organizacional. Conclusiones: el modelo final explica las percepciones de injusticia a través de las atribuciones internas de responsabilidad en relación con el maltrato organizacional a los empleados (AU)

Estudio observacional de la frecuencia de dientes supernumerarios en una población de 2000 pacientes / An observational study of the frequency of supernumerary teeth in a population of 2000 patients

Objetivos.- Los objetivos de nuestro estudio fueron la valoración de las características epidemiológicas de los dientes supernumerarios y análisis de las complicaciones clínicas-eruptivas asociadas a los mismos.Diseño del estudio.- Estudio observacional longitudinal en el que participó una muestra de 2000 pacientes, a los que se les realizó una ficha donde se registraron los datos de filiación, presencia de dientes supernumerarios, localización, accidentes mecánicos y presencia de patología asociada.Resultados.- La presencia de dientes supernumerarios supuso el 1,05% de la población estudiada, con una media de edad de 20,2 años y mayor frecuencia de aparición en hombres. La localización más habitual fue la maxilar en un 79,2%, principalmente en la zona retromolar y a nivel de la premaxila. La presencia de accidentes mecánicos fue la complicaciónmás frecuente en un 54%, siendo el desplazamiento de dientes adyacentes el más habitual, junto a la presencia de quistes foliculares.Conclusiones.- Los dientes supernumerarios presentaron una frecuencia de aparición del 1,05%, localizándose más frecuentemente a nivel distomolar superior y los accidentes mecánicos fueron la complicación más habitual

Objectives.- An evaluation is made of the epidemiological characteristics of supernumerary teeth, with an analysis of the associated clinical-eruptive complications.Study design.- A longitudinal observational study was made of 2000 patients, with the documentation of demographic data, the presence of supernumerary teeth, their location, mechanical accidents and the presence of associated pathology.Results.- The presence of supernumerary teeth was recorded in 1.05% of the study subjects (mean age 20.2 years), with a greater frequency in males. The most frequent location was in the upper maxilla (79.2%), fundamentally in the retromolar zone and at premaxillary level. The presence of mechanical accidents was the most frequent complication (54%) – the displacement of adjacent teeth being the most common finding – along with the presence of follicular cysts.Conclusions.- The prevalence of supernumerary teeth in our series was 1.05%, the most frequent location being at upper distomolar level. Mechanical accidents were the most frequent complication

Amalgama y embarazo / No disponible

En la actualidad existe una gran controversia con respecto a la colocación y remoción de restauraciones de amalgama, en la paciente embarazada, debido a la posible toxicidad que pueda producir a nivel fetal o materno. El objetivo de este estudio es realizar una revisión acerca del paso del mercurio a través de la barrera placentaria, y su acumulación en los tejidos, así como, sus efectos negativos. Existen estudios que demuestran el paso de todas las formas de mercurio a través de la barrera placentaria en diferentes cantidades, pero no hay evidencias científicas que demuestren relaciones entre la aparición de patologías y la existencia de obturaciones de amalgama. Por consiguiente es necesaria la realización de más investigaciones que permitan llegar a resultados concluyentes (AU)

Currently there is a great controversy about the placement and there motion of amalgam fillings in pregnant pacients, because of the possibiliy of toxicity to fetal or maternal level. The study objective is to revise all the information about the mercury pass across the placental barrier, its accumulation on tissues and the negative effects. There are studies that show that all mercury forms can pass across the placental barrier but there is not scientific evidence of relationship between amalgam fillings and pathology. Its necessary more studies to arrive at conclusive results (AU)

Indicaciones y limitaciones del examen radiográfico dental como coadyuvante del diagnóstico clínico

Los errores de diagnósticos debidos a la precipitación o a la ignorancia, han sido la causa de muchos daños para los pacientes. No nos confiemos, para un diagnóstico apropiado, de uno solo de los múltiples medios que nos brinda la Clínica y la Patología modernas. Practiquemos el mayor número de métodos de investigación, y se aumentarán nuestras posibilidades de éxito(AU)