Acute resistance exercise is more effective than aerobic exercise for 24h blood pressure control in type 2 diabetics.

AIM: The study aimed to analyze blood pressure (BP) responses in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) over a 24h period following resistance (RES) and aerobic (AER) exercise. METHODS: Ten adults with T2D (age: 55.8 ± 7.7 years; weight: 79.4 ± 14.0 kg; fasting glucose: 133.0 ± 36.7 mg.dL⁻¹) underwent: (1) AER: 20 min of cycling at 90% lactate threshold (90% LT); (2) RES: three laps of a circuit of six exercises with eight repetitions at 70% 1-RM and 40s of recovery; and (3) a control session of no exercise. Heart rate (HR), and systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), mean arterial (MAP) and pulse (PP) BP, as well as lactataemia (Lac), VO(2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured at rest, during exercise and control (CON) periods, and 60min after interventions. After each session, BP was also monitored over a 24h period. RESULTS: Peak Lac (RES: 6.4 ± 1.4mM; AER: 3.8 ± 1.2mM), RER (RES: 1.1 ± 0.1; AER: 0.9 ± 0.1) and RPE (RES: 14.0 ± 1.3; AER: 11.0 ± 2.3) were higher following the RES session (P < 0.05). Similar VO2 (~70% VO(2peak)) was reached during AER and RES sessions (14.0 ± 3.0 vs 14.3 ± 1.6 mL.kg.min⁻¹; P > 0.05). Compared with CON, only RES elicited post-exercise BP reduction that lasted 8h after exercise. Also, in comparison to pre-exercise rest, the BP dip during sleep was greater following RES (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: A single exercise bout decreases BP in T2D patients over a 24h period, with RES being more effective than AER exercise for BP control.

Effect of type 2 diabetes on plasma kallikrein activity after physical exercise and its relationship to post-exercise hypotension.

AIM: The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of type 2 diabetes (T2D) on plasma kallikrein activity (PKA) and postexercise hypotension (PEH). METHODS: Ten T2D patients (age: 53.6±1.3 years; body mass index: 30.6±1.0kg/m(2); resting blood glucose: 157.8±40.2mgdL(-1)) and 10 non-diabetic (ND) volunteers (age: 47.5±1.0 years; body mass index: 28.3±0.9kg/m(2); resting blood glucose: 91.2±10.5mgdL(-1)) underwent two experimental sessions, consisting of 20min of rest plus 20min of exercise (EXE) at an intensity corresponding to 90% of their lactate threshold (90LT) and a non-exercise control (CON) session. Blood pressure (BP; Microlife BP 3AC1-1 monitor) and PKA were measured during rest and every 15min for 135min of the postexercise recovery period (RP). RESULTS: During the RP, the ND individuals presented with PEH at 30, 45 and 120min (P<0.05) while, in the T2D patients, PEH was not observed at any time. PKA increased at 15min postexercise in the ND (P<0.05), but not in the T2D patients. CONCLUSION: T2D individuals have a lower PKA response to exercise, which probably suppresses its hypotensive effect, thus reinforcing the possible role of PKA on PEH.