RESUMO
The main groups of biocide agents used for inactivation of bacteria and viruses were studied for their virucidal activity against enveloped (HIV, viral hepatitis C, influenza virus A) and non-enveloped viruses (poliovirus, adenovirus). Their efficiency was analyzed. Quarterly ammonium compounds (QAC) themselves are not able to properly inactivate non-enveloped viruses. However, they can be successfully applied in combination with other biocides (guanidines, aldehydes). Effective composition of QAC with amines and guanidines provided inactivation of viruses (4.0 lgTCID50) in concentrations of 0.166-0.280% for non-enveloped viruses and 0.080-00.185% for enveloped viruses. The combination of QAC with aldehydes is especially effective (0.04-0.64% for non-enveloped viruses). The virucidal efficiency does not directly depend on the QAC concentration in the chemical disinfectants.
Assuntos
Aldeídos/farmacologia , Desinfetantes/farmacologia , Guanidinas/farmacologia , Compostos de Amônio Quaternário/farmacologia , Inativação de Vírus , Adenoviridae/efeitos dos fármacos , Adenoviridae/fisiologia , Aldeídos/química , Desinfetantes/química , Guanidinas/química , HIV/efeitos dos fármacos , HIV/fisiologia , Hepacivirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepacivirus/fisiologia , Vírus da Influenza A/efeitos dos fármacos , Vírus da Influenza A/fisiologia , Poliovirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Poliovirus/fisiologia , Compostos de Amônio Quaternário/química , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
The polyethiology of the respiratory diseases and the lack of effective vaccines to prevent them (except for influenza) underline the need for clinical trials and the practical application of immunomodulatory preparations that could become part of the group of anti-viral drugs with a wide range of activity. It has been demonstrated that amixin and poludan, the drugs made in our country, cause an increase of the serum IFN level, enhance the ability of leukocytes and lymphocytes to produce IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma, and lead to the activation of NK and peripheral blood phagocytes. In other words, they have an immunostimulating activity. The number of CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+), CD19(+) cells, the level of the Ig A, IgG, IgM and several other parameters of the immune system were not affected by these drugs. It has been demonstrated that amixin and poludan show good drug tolerance, without side effects on the hemogram in individuals who were taking these drugs just for disease prevention. The studied immunomodulators have a significant prophylactic activity in the cases of the polyethiologic group of acute respiratory viral infection during the seasonal peak of the disease, with a coefficient of efficiency of 3.6 (amixin) and 2.1 (poludan), and corresponding protection indices of 72.1% and 52.7%. Having the same chance of getting infected, individuals protected with these drugs often have the disease in a milder or asymptomatic form.