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1.
Curr Microbiol ; 80(8): 269, 2023 Jul 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37402857

RESUMO

Microbial biotechnology employes techniques that rely based on the natural interactions that occur in ecosystems. Bacteria, including rhizobacteria, play an important role in plant growth, providing agricultural crops with an alternative that can mitigate the negative effects of abiotic stress, such as those caused by saline environments. In this study, bacterial isolates were obtained from soil and roots of Prosopis limensis Bentham from the department of Lambayeque, Peru. This region has high salinity levels, therefore, the collected samples were used to isolate plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), which were identified through morphological, and physical-biochemical characteristics. These salt tolerant bacteria were screened phosphate solubilization, indole acetic acid, deaminase activity and molecular characterization by 16S rDNA sequencing. Eighteen samples from saline soils of the Prosopis limensis plants in the northern coastal desert of San Jose district, Lambayeque, Peru. The bacterial isolates were screened for salt tolerance ranging from 2 to 10%, a total of 78 isolates were found. Isolates 03, 13 and 31 showed maximum salt tolerance at 10%, in vitro ACC production, phosphate solubilization and IAA production. The three isolates were identified by sequencing the amplified 16S rRNA gene and were found to be Pseudomonas sp. 03 (MW604823), Pseudomonas sp. 13 (MW604824) and Bordetella sp. 31 (MW604826). These microorganisms promoted the germination of radish plants and increased the germination rates for treatments T2, T3 and T4 by 129, 124 and 118% respectively. The beneficial effects of salt tolerant PGPR isolates isolated from saline environments can be new species, used to overcome the detrimental effects of salt stress on plants. The biochemical response and inoculation of the three isolates prove the potential of using these strains as a source of products that can be employed for the development of new compounds proving their potential as biofertilizers for saline environments.


Assuntos
Alphaproteobacteria , Prosopis , Raphanus , Prosopis/genética , Ecossistema , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Estresse Salino , Solo/química , Fosfatos , Alphaproteobacteria/genética , Microbiologia do Solo , Raízes de Plantas/microbiologia
2.
J Therm Biol ; 78: 140-150, 2018 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30509630

RESUMO

In intertidal marine crustaceans, phenotypic variation in physiological and life-history traits is pervasive along latitudinal clines. However, organisms have complex phenotypes, and their traits do not vary independently but rather interact differentially between them, effect that is caused by genetic and/or environmental forces. We evaluated the geographic variation in phenotypic integration of three marine crab species that inhabit different vertical thermal microhabitats of the intertidal zone. We studied seven populations of each species along a latitudinal gradient that spans more than 3000 km of the Chilean coast. Specifically we measured nine physiological traits that are highly related to thermal physiology. Of the nine traits, we selected four that contributed significantly to the observed geographical variation among populations; this variation was then evaluated using mixed linear models and an integrative approach employing machine learning. The results indicate that patterns of physiological variation depend on species vertical microhabitat, which may be subject to chronic or acute environmental variation. The species that inhabit the high- intertidal sites (i.e., exposed to chronic variation) better tolerated thermal stress compared with populations that inhabit the lower intertidal. While those in the low-intertidal only face conditions of acute thermal variation, using to a greater extent the plasticity to face these events. Our main results reflect that (1) species that inhabit the high-intertidal maintain a greater integration between their physiological traits and present lower plasticity than those that inhabit the low-intertidal. (2) Inverse relationship that exists between phenotypic plasticity and phenotypic integration of the physiological traits identified, which could help optimize energy resources. In general, the study of multiple physiological traits provides a more accurate picture of how the thermal traits of organisms vary along temperature gradients especially when exposed to conditions close to tolerance limits.


Assuntos
Aclimatação , Temperatura Corporal , Crustáceos/fisiologia , Ecótipo , Animais , Crustáceos/genética , Aprendizado de Máquina
3.
J Therm Biol ; 68(Pt A): 14-20, 2017 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28689716

RESUMO

Intertidal organisms have evolved physiological mechanisms that enable them to maintain performance and survive during periods of severe environmental stress with temperatures close to their tolerance limits. The level of these adaptive responses in thermal physiology can vary among populations of broadly distributed species depending on their particular environmental context and genetic backgrounds. Here we examined thermal performances and reaction norms for metabolic rate (MR) and heart rate (HR) of seven populations of the porcelanid crab Petrolisthes violaceus from markedly different thermal environments across the latitudinal gradient of ~3000km. Physiological responses of this intertidal crab under common-garden conditions suggest the absence of local thermal adaptation along the geographic gradient (i.e., lack of latitudinal compensation). Moreover, thermal physiological sensitivities and performances in response to increased temperatures evidenced the existence of some level of: i) metabolic rate control or depression during warm temperature exposures; and ii) homeostasis/canalization (i.e., absence or low levels of plasticity) in physiological traits that may reflect some sort of buffering mechanism in most of the populations. Nevertheless, our results indicate that elevated temperatures can reduce cardiac function but not metabolic rate in high latitude crabs. The lack of congruence between HR and MR supports the idea that energy metabolism in marine invertebrates cannot be inferred from HR and different conclusions regarding geographic differentiation in energy metabolism can be obtained from both physiological traits. Integrating thermal physiology and species range extent can contribute to a better understanding of the likely effects of climate change on natural populations of marine ectotherms.


Assuntos
Adaptação Fisiológica/fisiologia , Braquiúros/fisiologia , Temperatura , Distribuição Animal , Animais , Mudança Climática , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Meio Ambiente
4.
Travel Med Infect Dis ; 52: 102522, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36513317

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Travelers from international airports who travel to endemic countries know the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) about malaria; however, it is still unknown to interprovincial travelers who go to the endemic regions of Peru. The objective is to determine the level of KAP about malaria among Peruvian travelers to risk areas. METHODS AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: This are an analytical cross-sectional study of 277 passengers from a bus station in a low-risk area of malaria in Peru, whose destination was an intermediate/high-risk area during February-March 2018. Absolute and relative frequencies of personal variables associated with the trip and KAP were estimated. RESULTS: Less than 50% know the main symptoms of malaria and at what time of day there is a greater risk of becoming infected. Five out of ten people knew which practices were preventive against contagion, and four out of ten answered that the treatment can be given in a health establishment, pharmacy, or by some healer. CONCLUSIONS: Travelers to malaria endemic areas have a low level of knowledge and practice (39.7%) as well as an inadequate preventive attitude (35.4%) against malaria.


Assuntos
Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Malária , Humanos , Peru/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Países em Desenvolvimento , Malária/epidemiologia , Malária/prevenção & controle , Viagem
5.
Mar Pollut Bull ; 162: 111834, 2021 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33203603

RESUMO

Microplastic particles (MP) uptake by marine organisms is a phenomenon of global concern. Nevertheless, there is scarce evidence about the impacts of MP on the energy balance of marine invertebrates. We evaluated the mid-term effect of the microplastic ingestion at the current higher environmental concentrations in the ocean on the energy balance of the giant mussel Choromytilus chorus. We exposed juvenile mussels to three concentrations of microplastics (0, 100, and 1000 particles L-1) and evaluated the effect on physiology after 40 days. The impacts of MP on the ecophysiological traits of the mussels were minimum at all the studied concentrations. At intermediate concentrations of MP, Scope for Growth (SFG) had little impact. Other relevant key life-history and physiological processes, such as size and metabolism, were not affected by microplastics. However, individuals treated with MP presented histopathological differences compared to control group, which could result in adverse health effects for mussels.


Assuntos
Microplásticos , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Animais , Organismos Aquáticos , Monitoramento Ambiental , Humanos , Plásticos , Alimentos Marinhos/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade
6.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 106(2): 714-717, 2021 11 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34781264

RESUMO

Cystic echinococcosis, known as hydatidosis, is a parasitic zoonosis caused by the larvae of Echinococcus granulosus. Renal hydatidosis is a very rare condition, representing 1% to 2% of cases. We present an 18-year-old patient who, after suffering a trauma, experienced severe lower back pain and persistent gross hematuria disproportionate to the trauma. Ultrasonography and tomography revealed cystic images compatible with right renal hydatidosis and hemoperitoneum. In addition, rapid clinical deterioration was observed with decreased hematocrit, leading to lumpectomy with abundant cysts inside and outside the right kidney, without viable parenchyma. Therefore, a total nephrectomy was performed. The patient was discharged with albendazole treatment. Pathological anatomic analysis confirmed the diagnosis of hydatidosis. Surgery remains the best therapeutic option. The use of ultrasonography improves the early detection of zoonosis, especially in pediatric patients, and favors the use of more conservative therapeutic techniques.


Assuntos
Equinococose/diagnóstico por imagem , Equinococose/cirurgia , Rim/parasitologia , Rim/cirurgia , Nefrectomia , Adolescente , Animais , Anti-Helmínticos/uso terapêutico , Equinococose/tratamento farmacológico , Echinococcus granulosus/patogenicidade , Humanos , Rim/diagnóstico por imagem , Rim/patologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Ultrassonografia
7.
Respir Med Case Rep ; 31: 101142, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32670788

RESUMO

Infections with protozoans, mainly due to immunodeficiency, are common all over the world. However, pulmonary infections with protozoans are less frequent. Lophomonas sp. is a flagellated protozoan that lives in the gastrointestinal tract of some species of cockroaches. Some cases, that show the presence of Lophomonas in populations whose lungs are affected, have been reported. Case report: The medical records of nine patients were studied: seven adult patients and two pediatric patients who were in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), respectively. The samples were taken from tracheal aspirations and bronchoalveolar lavages. The patients' ages were between 9 and 95 years, and 60% of them were male. Some of the patients were healthy, a priori, and others were immunosuppressed. There were found three patients with neoplasia, two patients with diabetes mellitus and four patients with no systemic pathologies. It is concluded that Lophomonas sp. is a protozoa parasite which emerges from the upper and lower respiratory tract of hospitalized patients. However, its pathogenic role is still controversial in all cases, that's why it merits further study for its understanding and possible treatment.

8.
Rev. Fac. Med. Hum ; 24(2): 47-54, abr.-jun. 2024. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1569510

RESUMO

RESUMEN Introducción: La hipertrigliceridemia se ha vinculado con la resistencia a la insulina. Objetivos: Evaluar la relación y capacidad predictiva de la hipertrigliceridemia para la resistencia a la insulina en niños obesos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal y analítico en niños de 6 a 14 años con obesidad, atendidos en el Hospital Belén de Trujillo entre 2014 y 2019. Se analizaron 58 historias clínicas elegidas aleatoriamente. La resistencia a la insulina se midió mediante el índice Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) (≥3). Se usaron análisis descriptivos, correlacionales y cálculos de Odds Ratio (OR), además de indicadores de predicción como sensibilidad y especificidad. Resultados: De los 58 niños estudiados, el 58,6% presentaba niveles elevados de triglicéridos y el 74,1% mostró resistencia a la insulina. Hubo una correlación significativa entre los niveles de triglicéridos y el índice HOMA (coef.: 0,543; p<0,001). Los niveles elevados de triglicéridos (OR=18,91; IC 95%: 3,67-97,36; p<0,001), glicemia en ayunas (OR=46,20; IC 95%: 5,39-396,06; p=0,010), de insulina en ayunas (OR=52,89; IC 95%: 6,11-457,55; p<0,001) y la presencia de acantosis nigricans (OR=36,17; IC 95%: 4,28-305,98; p<0,001) se asociaron significativamente con la resistencia a la insulina. La hipertrigliceridemia mostró una sensibilidad del 74,4% y una especificidad del 86,7% para predecir la resistencia a la insulina. Conclusión: La hipertrigliceridemia está significativamente asociada con la resistencia a la insulina en niños obesos y tiene un rendimiento aceptable como predictor de la misma. Este factor puede servir como un marcador temprano y predictor para implementar medidas preventivas adecuadas en poblaciones vulnerables.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Hypertriglyceridemia has been linked to insulin resistance. Objectives: To evaluate the relationship and predictive capacity of hypertriglyceridemia for insulin resistance in obese children. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in obese children aged 6 to 14 years, treated at the Belén Hospital of Trujillo between 2014 and 2019. Fifty-eight randomly selected medical records were analyzed. Insulin resistance was measured using the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) index (≥3). Descriptive, correlational analyses, and Odds Ratio (OR) calculations were used, along with predictive indicators such as sensitivity and specificity. Results: Of the 58 children studied, 58.6% had elevated triglyceride levels and 74.1% showed insulin resistance. There was a significant correlation between triglyceride levels and the HOMA index (coef.: 0.543; p<0.001). Elevated triglyceride levels (OR=18.91; 95% CI: 3.67-97.36; p<0.001), fasting glucose (OR=46.20; 95% CI: 5.39-396.06; p=0.010), fasting insulin (OR=52.89; 95% CI: 6.11-457.55; p<0.001), and the presence of acanthosis nigricans (OR=36.17; 95% CI: 4.28-305.98; p<0.001) were significantly associated with insulin resistance. Hypertriglyceridemia showed a sensitivity of 74.4% and a specificity of 86.7% for predicting insulin resistance. Conclusion: Hypertriglyceridemia is significantly associated with insulin resistance in obese children and has an acceptable performance as a predictor. This factor may serve as an early marker and predictor to implement appropriate preventive measures in vulnerable populations.

9.
Medicentro (Villa Clara) ; 28(1)mar. 2024.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1550547

RESUMO

Introducción: Los trabajadores de salud, especialmente enfermeras y enfermeros, laboratoristas y paramédicos tienen mayor riesgo de exposición a lesiones por pinchazo de aguja, en ocasiones, por un inadecuado manejo y almacenamiento de desechos hospitalarios. Objetivo: Describir las causas de lesión por pinchazo de aguja y las medidas de prevención tomadas por los trabajadores de salud. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal utilizando una encuesta en línea; participaron 74 trabajadores de salud del Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo y el Hospital Regional Lambayeque; los datos están presentados como estadística descriptiva; para el análisis estadístico se utilizó InfoStat 2019. Resultados: La edad media de los encuestados fue de 28,9 años (rango de 17-48); la mayoría fueron mujeres (56,8 %), y el 43,2 %, varones. Del total de encuestados (42, 56,8 %), alguna vez tuvo una lesión por pinchazo de aguja, mientras, el 43,2 % no ha recibido lesiones. La severidad del pinchazo de aguja fue leve en 51,4 % de los casos, 6,8 % fue moderada y 41,9 % no tuvo lesión. Conclusiones: Las principales modalidades causantes de pinchazo de aguja encontradas en este estudio fueron: reencapuchar la aguja, extracción de sangre venosa, el movimiento repentino del paciente durante una inyección o una sutura. Una capacitación continua, el uso de equipos de protección personal y seguir las pautas de eliminación adecuada de los objetos cortopunzantes, ayudarían a prevenir este tipo de lesiones en trabajadores de salud y por ende, evitar la transmisión de infecciones a través de sangre percutánea.


Introduction: healthcare workers, especially nurses, laboratory workers and paramedics have a higher risk of exposure to needle-stick injuries, which is sometimes due to inadequate handling and hospital waste storage. Objective: to describe causes of needle-stick injury and preventive measures taken by healthcare workers. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey; 74 healthcare workers from the Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo National Hospital and the Lambayeque Regional Hospital participated; data are presented as descriptive statistics; InfoStat 2019 was used for the statistical analysis. Results: the mean age of the respondents was 28.9 years (range 17-48); the majority were female (56.8%), and 43.2%, male. The 56.8% from the total number of respondents (42) had ever had a needle-stick injury, while 43.2% had not received injuries. The severity of the needle stick was mild in 51.4% of the cases, 6.8% was moderate and 41.9% had no injury. Conclusions: needle recapping, venous blood withdrawal and patients' sudden movement during an injection or a suture were the main causes of needle stick found in this study. A continuous training, the use of personal protective equipment, and following the proper disposal guidelines for sharp objects would help health workers to prevent this type of injury, and thus to avoid the transmission of infections through percutaneous blood.


Assuntos
Ferimentos Penetrantes Produzidos por Agulha , Acidentes de Trabalho , Pessoal de Saúde
10.
Rev. obstet. ginecol. Venezuela ; 83(1): 28-34, ene. 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1570899

RESUMO

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la distribución de los tipos de virus de papiloma humano en mujeres con diagnóstico confirmatorio por inspección visual con ácido acético. Métodos: Se incluyeron mujeres con citología positiva para lesión intraepitelial. Los genotipos de virus de papiloma humano se analizaron mediante el sistema Xpert® HPV (GXHPV-CE-10) junto con el análisis de citología patológica de muestras de tejido cervical. Resultados: Se encontró una prevalencia de infección por virus de papiloma humano del 61 %, hubo correlación en la edad y los tipos virales detectados con el canal de color P5 (virus de papiloma humano 39, 56, 66, 68), edad de la primera relación sexual y virus de papiloma humano 18, número de gestaciones con P3 (virus de papiloma humano 31, 33, 35, 52, 58) y P5. El antecedente de haber tenido una infección de transmisión sexual se correlacionó con virus de papiloma humano 18, P3 y P4 (virus de papiloma humano 51 o 59). En la coinfección se encontró correlación entre los genotipos de virus de papiloma humano 16 con: P3 (R: - 0,11), P4 (R: - 0,22) y P5 (R: - 0,14), con haber tenido tratamiento previo (R: - 0,14). El genotipo de virus de papiloma humano 18 se correlacionó con: P3 (R: 0,28). Conclusiones: Los tipos de virus de papiloma humano de alto riesgo 16, 18 y P3 fueron los más predominantes en los grados citológicos establecidos y entre las mujeres coinfectadas(AU)


Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the distribution of papillomavirus types in women with a confirmatory diagnosis with visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA). Methods: Women with positive cytology for intraepithelial lesion were included. Papillomavirus genotypes were analyzed using the Xpert® HPV system (GXHPV-CE-10) in conjunction with pathological cytology analysis of cervical tissue samples. Results: A prevalence of human papillomavirus infection of 61% was found, there was a correlation in age and the viral types detected with the P5 color channel (human papillomavirus 39, 56, 66, 68), age of the first sexual intercourse and human papillomavirus 18, number of pregnancies with P3 (human papillomavirus 31, 33, 35, 52, 58) and P5. The history of having a sexually transmitted infection was correlated with papillomavirus 18, P3, and P4 papillomavirus 51 and 59). In coinfection, a correlation was found between papillomavirus 16 genotypes with P3 (R: - 0.11), P4 (R: 0.22), and P5 (R: - 0.14), with having had previous treatment (R: - 0.14). Papillomavirus 18 correlated with: P3 (R: 0.28). Conclusions: High-risk human papillomavirus typess 16, 18, and P3 were the most predominant in established cytological grades and among coinfected women(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas Oncogênicas , Ácido Acético , Genótipo , Papillomaviridae , Verrugas , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Infecções por Papillomavirus , Papillomavirus Humano 18 , Papillomavirus Humano 31 , Lesões Intraepiteliais Escamosas
11.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1568577

RESUMO

Introducción: La Organización Mundial de la Salud indica que el aborto inducido por medicamentos se lleva a cabo habitualmente mediante la utilización de una mezcla de mifepristona y misoprostol, o exclusivamente con misoprostol. Objetivo: Exponer los saberes relacionados con el aborto inducido por fármacos entre estudiantes universitarias en una urbe del norte peruano. Métodos: Investigación de tipo prospectivo y transversal, aplicando el método de muestreo conocido como bola de nieve. El estudio tuvo 171 participantes estudiantes universitarias a las cuales se les aplicó un cuestionario, los cuales accedieron participar voluntariamente. El estudio se llevó a cabo de febrero a julio del 2021. Las participantes vivían en la ciudad de Chiclayo, Perú. Resultados: Encontramos que la mayoría de las estudiantes universitarias presentaban bajos conocimientos 84 (49%), 24 estudiantes presentan conocimientos intermedios (24%) y solo las 46 estudiantes presentan conocimientos buenos (27%), con respecto al uso de misoprostol para el aborto farmacológico. Conclusión: Se concluye con que existe un 27% de estudiantes que tienen buenos conocimientos sobre el uso de misoprostol en la ciudad de Chiclayo


Introduction: The World Health Organization states that medication-induced abortion is commonly performed through the use of a combination of mifepristone and misoprostol, or solely with misoprostol. Objective: To present the knowledge related to drug-induced abortion among university students in a northern Peruvian city. Methods: A prospective and cross-sectional study, employing the snowball sampling method. The study had 171 female university students to whom a questionnaire was applied and who agreed to participate voluntarily. The study was conducted from February to July 2021. The participants lived in the city of Chiclayo, Peru. Results: We found that most of the university students had low knowledge (49%), 24 students had intermediate knowledge (24%) and only 46 students had good knowledge (27%) regarding the use of misoprostol for pharmacological abortion. Conclusion: It is concluded that 27% of students have good knowledge about the use of misoprostol in the city of Chiclayo


Assuntos
Humanos
12.
Rev. Fac. Med. Hum ; 22(2): 258-265, Abril.- Jun. 2022.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1371497

RESUMO

Objetivo: La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la prevalencia de Xenopsylla cheopis en roedores de la especie Rattus rattus. Métodos: Para la obtención de la muestra se usaron trampas Tomahawk y Sherman que contuvieron cebos previamente preparados con avena y vainilla, las trampas fueron colocadas en tres zonas: zona intradomiciliar, peridomiciliar y en área descampada. La obtención de ectoparásitos se realizó mediante la técnica del peine fino. Con una pinza entomológica se colectaron las pulgas en un vial de 2ml, conteniendo alcohol al 70 %. Resultados: Se evaluó su prevalencia en roedores Rattus rattus, siendo el índice de prevalencia más alto el registrado en la localidad de Banco en agosto 2016 (4.08) y el menor índice fue 1.3 registrado en la localidad de la Ramada en noviembre 2015. Se capturaron 169 roedores Rattus rattus, de los cuales se pudo colectar 399 pulgas, 299 pertenecían a la especie Xenopsylla cheopis. Conclusión: se encontró que la prevalencia de Xenopsylla cheopis en roedores Rattus rattus en las localidades del Sauce, el Banco, Kerguer, el Algarrobo y la Ramada del distrito de Salas, en el periodo Julio ­ noviembre 2015 y agosto 2016 fue elevada.


Objective: The study of the prevalence of Xenopsylla cheopis in rodents of the Rattus rattus species.The objective of the present investigation is to establish the prevalence of Xenopsylla cheopis in rodents of the Rattus rattus species. Methods: To obtain the sample, Tomahawk and Sherman traps were used that contained baits previously prepared with oatmeal and vanilla, the traps were placed in three areas: intra-home area, peridomyciliary area and in the open area. Ectoparasites were obtained using the fine comb technique. With an entomological clamp, fleas were collected in a 2ml vial, containing 70% alcohol. Results: Its prevalence in Rattus rattus rodents were evaluated, with the highest prevalence rate being the one registered in the locality of Banco in August 2016 (4.08) and the lowest index was 1.3 registered in the locality of the Ramada in November 2015. They were captured 169 rodents Rattus rattus, of which 399 fleas could be collected, 299 belonged to the Xenopsylla cheopis species. Conclusion: it was found that the prevalence of Xenopsylla cheopis in Rattus rattus rodents in the locations of Sauce, Banco, Kerguer, Algarrobo, and Ramada in the Salas district, in the period July - November 2015 and August 2016 was high.

13.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1398362

RESUMO

Introducción: Las nanopartículas de óxido de zinc (Np-ZnO) presentan diferentes comportamientos; permitiendo su aplicación en diversas áreas. Objetivos: Determinar cuál es la concentración mínima inhibitoria de nanopartículas de óxido de zinc sobre el crecimiento de Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644. El estudio: Se utilizaron nanopartículas de ZnO con un tamaño promedio de 90 nm, a diferentes concentraciones de 4; 2; 1; 0,5; 0,25; 0,12; 0,06; 0,03; 0,01; 0,007 mg/mL de Np-ZnO, preparadas en solución acuosa. Se incubó en un tiempo correspondiente al de generación de la bacteria, evaluando el crecimiento con la aparición de turbidez. Hallazgos: Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644 presentó una CMI de 0,06 mg/mL. Conclusión: La concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI) resultante para las nanopartículas de óxido de zinc (Np-ZnO) de 90 nm de tamaño promedio fue de 0,06 mg/mL, suficiente para controlar significativamente el crecimiento contra Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644.


background:Zinc oxide nanoparticles (Np-ZnO) have different behaviors which allows its application in various areas. : To determine the Objectivesminimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Zinc oxide nanoparticles for Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644. Zinc oxide nanoparticles with an The study:average size of 90nm and different concentrations of 4; 2; 1; 0,5; 0,25; 0,12; 0,06; 0,03; 0,01; 0,007 mg/mLprepared in aqueous solution were used. It was incubated at a time corresponding to generation time of the bacteria, evaluating the growth with the presence of turbidity. : The MIC for FindingsListeriamonocytogenesATCC7644was0,06mg/mL.The Conclusion:minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (Np-ZnO) with an average size of 90nm for Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644 was 0,06 mg/mL, enough value to significantly control the growth of for Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644.

14.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1440946

RESUMO

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es identificar la relación entre el consumo de pornografía y los comportamientos de riesgo. Material y Métodos: Se evaluaron comportamientos sexuales de riesgo y el consumo de pornografía. Muestreo tipo bola de nieve, tuvo 245 participantes, los cuales accedieron participar voluntariamente. Los datos se recolectaron mediante un cuestionario en Google Forms. Los participantes dieron su consentimiento informado después de leer la descripción del estudio, donde se indicó el anonimato de la encuesta. Resultados: Para el análisis de razón de probabilidades se encontró que las mayores probabilidades de ser positivos para VIH se asociaron con ser LGTB, con no tener la percepción de la pornografía fomentan el sexo sin condón. Los individuos que consuman pornografía se asociaron con ser LGBT y con no tener la percepción de que el tipo de pornografía que visualiza influye en sus relaciones. Las mayores probabilidades de haber tenido sexo anal sin condón se asociaron con ser LGTB, con tener una educación superior, con tener un salario mensual mayor al sueldo mínimo y con tener sexo en grupo. Es necesario investigaciones futuras que nos permitan estudiar más a fondo los efectos de la pornografía en la vida sexual de quienes la consumen. Conclusión: Se encontró que los participantes LGBT tienen mayor riesgo de tener VIH, no usar condón, ver pornografía y sexo casual. Las ITS se relacionaron con educación superior y tener pareja estable.


Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the relationship between pornography consumption and risk behaviors. Material and Methods: Sexual risk behaviors and pornography consumption were assessed. Snowball sampling had 245 participants, who agreed to participate voluntarily. Data were collected using a Google Forms questionnaire. Participants gave their informed consent after reading the description of the study, where the anonymity of the survey was indicated. Results: For the odds ratio analysis it was found that the highest odds of being HIV positive were associated with being LGBT, with not having the perception of pornography encouraging condomless sex. Individuals who consume pornography were associated with being LGBT and with not having the perception that the type of pornography they view influences their relationships. Higher odds of having had anal sex without a condom were associated with being LGBT, having a higher education, having a monthly salary higher than minimum wage, and having group sex. Future research is needed to further study the effects of pornography on the sex lives of those who consume it. Conclusion: LGBT participants were found to be at higher risk for HIV, condom non-use, pornography viewing, and casual sex. STIs were associated with higher education and having a steady partner.

15.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1440948

RESUMO

Introduction: COVID-19 has a significant impact on the hematopoietic system and hemostasis. Leukocytosis, lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia are associated with increased severity and even death in COVID-19 cases. Objective: The aim is to examine the laboratory results of COVID-19 patients from a hospital in the Peruvian Amazon and their clinical prognosis. Material and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out whose purpose was to identify the laboratory tests of patients with COVID-19 and mortality in a hospital in Ucayali, Peru during the period from March 13 to May 9, 2020, selecting a total of 127 with Covid-19. Mean and the standard deviation was described for age, leukocytes, neutrophils, platelets, RDW-SD; median and interquartile range for the variables lymphocyte, RN / L, fibrinogen, CRP, D-dimer, DHL, hematocrit, monocytes, eosinophils. Results: No differences were observed in this population regarding death and sex (OR: 1.31; 95% CI 0.92 to 1.87), however, it was observed that, for each one-year increase, the probability of death increased by 4% (PR: 1.04, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.05). The IRR (Incidence Risk Ratio) analysis for the numerical variables showed results strongly associated with hematological values such as Leukocytes (scaled by 2500 units) (IRR: 1.08, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.13), neutrophils (scaled by 2500 units) (IRR: 1.08; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.13), on the contrary, it is observed that the increase of 1000 units in lymphocytes, the probability of dying decreased by 48% (IRR: 0.52; 95% CI 0.38 to 071). Conclusions: Parameters such as leukocytes,neutrophils and D-dimer were statistically much higher in patients who died.


Introducción: COVID-19 tiene un impacto significativo en el sistema hematopoyético y la hemostasia. La leucocitosis, la linfopenia y la trombocitopenia se asocian con una mayor gravedad e incluso la muerte en los casos de COVID-19. Objetivo: examinar los resultados de laboratorio de pacientes con COVID-19 de un hospital de la Amazonía peruana y su pronóstico clínico. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico cuyo propósito fue identificar las pruebas de laboratorio de pacientes con COVID-19 y mortalidad en un hospital de Ucayali, Perú durante el periodo del 13 de marzo al 9 de mayo del 2020, seleccionando un total de 127 con COVID-19. Se describió la media y la desviación estándar para edad, leucocitos, neutrófilos, plaquetas, RDW-SD; mediana y rango intercuartílico para las variables linfocito, RN/L, fibrinógeno, PCR, dímero D, DHL, hematocrito, monocitos, eosinófilos. Resultados: No se observaron diferencias en esta población en cuanto a muerte y sexo (OR: 1,31; IC 95% 0,92 a 1,87), sin embargo, se observó que, por cada aumento de un año, la probabilidad de muerte aumentaba un 4% (RP: 1,04). , IC del 95%: 1,03 a 1,05). El análisis de RIR (Razón de incidencia de riesgos) para las variables numéricas mostró resultados fuertemente asociados con valores hematológicos como Leucocitos (escala de 2500 unidades) (RRI: 1.08, 95% CI 1.03 a 1.13), neutrófilos (escala de 2500 unidades) (RRI: 1.08; IC 95% 1.03 a 1.13), por el contrario, se observa que al aumento de 1000 unidades en linfocitos, la probabilidad de morir disminuyó en un 48% (TIR: 0.52; IC 95% 0.38 a 071). Conclusiones: Parámetros tales como los leucocitos, los neutrófilos y el dímero D fueron estadísticamente mucho más altos en los pacientes que fallecieron.

16.
Rev. cientif. cienc. med ; 24(2): 90-94, 2021.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1372708

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: la anemia es uno de los principales problemas de salud pública en los países en desarrollo; donde los niños en etapa preescolar, mujeres embarazadas y adulto mayor son los más afectados. OBJETIVO: evaluar la prevalencia de anemia entre los años 2014-2017. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio de corte transversal; la muestra estuvo conformada por todos los pacientes atendidos del Centro Poblado San Juan de Lacamaca, Cajamarca-Perú, que constaban de 2034 pacientes entre 0 y 57 años. RESULTADOS: del total de la población 1022 pacientes (50 %) pertenecían al sexo femenino y 1012 (50 %) al sexo masculino. De toda la población en estudio 1960 pacientes (96 %) no presentaban anemia y 74 (4 %) si presentaron. En cuanto a la presencia de parásitos 1365 (65 %) de la población no presentaba una infección parasitaria y 709 (35 %) si la presentaban; el parásito más encontrado fue Entamoeba coli en 340 pacientes (48 %) seguido de Giardia lamblia con 201 (28 %) en la primera muestra, mientras que en la segunda muestra el más encontrado fue Giardia lamblia con 14 (33 %). Conclusión: Se encontró una correlación positiva entre anemia y parasitismo(AU)


INTRODUCTION: anemia is one of the main public health problems in developing countries, where preschool children, pregnant women, and the elderly are the most affected. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the prevalence of anemia between the years 2014-2017. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample was made up of all the patients treated at the San Juan de Lacamaca Population Center, Cajamarca-Peru, which consisted of 2034 patients between 0 and 57 years of age from the San Juan de Lacamaca Population Center, Cajamarca, Peru. RESULTS: of the total population, 1022 patients (50%) belonged to the female sex and 1012 (50%) to the male sex. Of the entire study population, 1960 patients (96%) did not present anemia and 74 (4%) did. Regarding the presence of parasites, 1,365 (65%) of the population did not present a parasitic infection and 709 (35%) did; the most found parasite was Entamoeba coli in 340 patients (48%) followed by Giardia lamblia with 201 (28%) in the first sample, while in the second sample the most found was Giardia lamblia with 14 (33%). CONCLUSION: a positive correlation was found between anemia and parasitism(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Parasitárias , Anemia , Estudos Transversais , Giardia lamblia , Entamoeba
17.
Ces med. vet. zootec ; 16(1): 47-58, ene.-abr. 2021. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1350441

RESUMO

Resumen La enfermedad por el nuevo coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) es causada por el virus denominado SARS-CoV-2, no obstante, en los pollos de corral los coronavirus causan Bronquitis Infecciosa Aviar. En la actualidad, se ha logrado analizar la secuencia genómica del virus SARS-CoV-2, el cual indica que éste emergió de un reservorio animal, incluso se ha considerado que un virus aislado de un murciélago, idéntico a SARS-CoV, sea el progenitor del nuevo coronavirus. En otros estudios, se ha evidenciado que la glicoproteína de la espícula viral tiene un alto grado de emparentamiento entre virus que infectan mamíferos y aves, que es la que permite el contacto con el huésped. Mientras que en el caso del IBV, al inhalarse, el virus se ligará a los receptores de glucoproteína que contienen ácido siálico en las células epiteliales ciliadas del tejido respiratorio, entonces la replicación viral dará como resultado la pérdida de la función ciliar, acopiamiento de moco, necrosis y descamación, provocando dificultad para respirar y asfixia. El IBV afecta tráquea, riñones y tracto reproductivo de muchas aves. En el caso de las gallinas, el IBV virémico causa lesiones en el magnum y en el útero. Esta revisión dilucida algunos puntos clave en las diferencias en el nuevo coronavirus y el virus de la bronquitis infecciosa. Es muy poco probable que SARS-CoV-2 infecte o cause enfermedades en las aves de corral.


Abstract The new coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) is caused by the virus called SARS-CoV-2, however, in free-range chicken's coronaviruses cause Avian Infectious Bronchitis. Currently, it has been possible to analyze the genomic sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which indicates that it emerged from an animal reservoir, it has even been considered that a virus isolated from a bat, identical to SARS-CoV, is the parent of the new coronavirus. In other studies, it has been shown that the glycoprotein of the viral spicule has a high degree of relationship between viruses that infect mammals and birds, which is the one that allows contact with the host. Whereas in the case of IBV, when inhaled, the virus will bind to sialic acid-containing glycoprotein receptors in hair epithelial cells of respiratory tissue, then viral replication will result in loss of ciliary function, mucus clearance, necrosis, and peeling, causing shortness of breath and suffocation. IBV affects the trachea, kidneys, and reproductive tract of many birds. In chickens, viremic IBV causes lesions in the magnum and the uterus. This review elucidates some key points in the differences between the novel coronavirus and the infectious bronchitis virus. SARS-CoV-2 is highly unlikely to infect or cause disease in poultry.


Resumo A nova doença coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19) é causada pelo vírus denominado SARS-CoV-2, no entanto, em galinhas caipiras, os coronavírus causam bronquite infecciosa aviária. Atualmente, foi possível analisar a sequência genômica do vírus SARS-CoV-2, o que indica que ele emergiu de um reservatório animal, inclusive se considerou que um vírus isolado de um morcego, idêntico ao SARS-CoV, é o progenitor do novo coronavírus. Em outros estudos, foi demonstrado que a glicoproteína da espícula viral possui alto grau de parentesco entre os vírus que infectam mamíferos e aves, o que permite o contato com o hospedeiro. Enquanto no caso do IBV, quando inalado, o vírus se liga aos receptores de glicoproteína contendo ácido siálico nas células epiteliais ciliadas do tecido respiratório, a replicação viral resultará em perda da função ciliar, acúmulo de muco , necrose e descamação, causando falta de ar e sufocação. O IBV afeta a traqueia, os rins e o trato reprodutivo de muitas aves. No caso das galinhas, o IBV virêmico causa lesões no magno e no útero. Esta revisão elucida alguns pontos-chave nas diferenças entre o novo coronavírus e o vírus da bronquite infecciosa. É altamente improvável que o SARS-CoV-2 infecte ou cause doenças em aves.

18.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 73(2): e594, 2021. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1347487

RESUMO

Introduction: An increase in interprovincial travel has been registered annually during the last decade on the north and northeast coast of Peru, resulting in the spread of vector-borne diseases such as malaria. Therefore, travelers using interprovincial transport should be informed about the impact of infectious diseases in endemic regions and be aware of the risk of acquiring a travel-related condition. Objective: Examine travelers' malaria-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2019 of a random sample of individuals who attended bus stations classed as areas with a higher risk of malaria selected at random in Chiclayo, Peru. The study was conducted reliably through a survey consisting of 29 questions: 18 about knowledge and 11 about attitudes. Results: Of the 250 participants in the study, knowledge was found to be good in 29.13 percent, practices in 14.74 percent, and attitudes in 18.33 percent. People with a higher education degree had a better level of knowledge and attitudes. Also, 60 people were asked about their self-perception of knowledge about malaria and said their knowledge about the subject was adequate. Of the 190 who reported not having enough knowledge about malaria, 49.47 percent were interested in learning about malaria practices and 25.26 percent were interested in learning about treatment. Conclusions: Most of the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of people who travel to endemic areas are not adequate(AU)


Introducción: En la última década se ha registrado un incremento anual de los viajes interprovinciales en la costa norte y noreste de Perú, lo que ha provocado la propagación de enfermedades transmitidas por vectores, como es el caso de la malaria. Es por eso que los usuarios del transporte interprovincial deben estar informados sobre el impacto de las enfermedades infecciosas en las regiones endémicas y sobre el riesgo de adquirir una enfermedad relacionada con los viajes. Objetivo: Examinar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de los viajeros en relación con la malaria. Métodos: En el período comprendido de enero a marzo de 2019, se realizó un estudio transversal de una muestra aleatoria de personas que visitaban estaciones de ómnibus clasificadas como áreas de alto riesgo de malaria, seleccionadas aleatoriamente en Chiclayo, Perú. El estudio se llevó a cabo mediante un procedimiento confiable basado en una encuesta de 29 preguntas: 18 sobre conocimientos y 11 sobre actitudes. Resultados: De los 250 participantes en el estudio, 29,13 por ciento mostraron buen dominio de los conocimientos, 14,74 por ciento de las prácticas y 18,33 por ciento de las actitudes. Los graduados de la educación superior tenían un mejor nivel de conocimientos y actitudes. Además, a 60 personas se les preguntó sobre la percepción que tenían acerca de sus propios conocimientos sobre la malaria, y respondieron que estos eran apropiados. De los 190 que declararon no tener suficientes conocimientos sobre la malaria, 49,47 por ciento mostraron interés en aprender sobre prácticas relacionadas con la enfermedad y 25,26 por ciento sobre el tratamiento de la misma. Conclusiones: La mayor parte de los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de las personas que viajan en regiones endémicas no es adecuada(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Viagem , Conhecimento , Doença Relacionada a Viagens , Doenças Transmitidas por Vetores , Aprendizagem , Estudos Transversais
19.
rev. udca actual. divulg. cient ; 24(2): e1533, jul.-dic. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1361234

RESUMO

RESUMEN Las bacterias y los hongos son un riesgo potencial para el material arqueológico y trabajadores de los museos en Lambayeque, Perú. Con el objetivo de cuantificar la microbiología ambiental aislada del museo Tumbas Reales de Sipán, se muestrearon cuatro almacenes, con Agar Nutritivo y Agar Papa Dextrosa, incubándose a 30 °C, en aerobiosis, hasta por 7 días, para bacterias y, hasta por 10 días, para hongos. Se cuantificaron bacterias con un máximo de 2,7x104 UFC cm-2, en las superficies de pisos y paredes; 1,4x103 UFC m-3, en el aire y hongos filamentosos, con un máximo de 7,5x104 UFC cm-2, en las superficies y 9,1x104 UFC m-3, en el aire. Se aislaron e identificaron los géneros de bacterias: Bacillus, Micrococcus, Acinetobacter, Nocardia, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus y Streptomyces y los géneros de hongos filamentosos: Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Circinella, Syncephalastrum, Penicillium, Alternaria, Staphylotrichum, Cercospora, Rhizopus, Cunninghamella, Chrysosporium, Nigrospora, Stachybotrys, Gliocladium y Verticillium.


ABSTRACT Bacteria and fungi are a potential risk to archaeological material and museum workers in Lambayeque, Peru. In order to quantify the isolated environmental microbiology of the Tumbas Reales de Sipán museum, four warehouses were sampled with Nutritive Agar and Papa Dextrose Agar, incubated at 30 °C in aerobiosis for up to 7 days for bacteria and up to 10 days for fungi. Bacteria were quantified with a maximum of 2.7x104 CFU cm-2 on the floor and wall surfaces, 1.4x103 CFU m-3 in the air and filamentous fungi with a maximum of 7.5x104 CFU cm-2 on the surfaces and 9.1x104 CFU m-3 in the air. Bacterial genera were isolated and identified: Bacillus, Micrococcus, Acinetobacter, Nocardia, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus and Streptomyces and the filamentous fungal genera: Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Circinella, Syncephalastrum, Penicillium, Cyrryspunrichum, Cyrrysopositive, Cyrrysylopola Rushingum, Cyrrysophyllizum, Nigrospora, Stachybotrys, Gliocladium and Verticillium.

20.
Rev. Fac. Med. Hum ; 21(3): 475-485, Jul.-Sep. 2021.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1255204

RESUMO

Introducción: El análisis genómico de muestras de casos documentados de COVID-19 puede usarse con éxito para ayudar a rastrear fuentes de infección por Sars-Cov-2, que pueden ponerse en cuarentena para prevenir la propagación recurrente de la enfermedad en todo el mundo. Objetivo: Describir las secuencias de SARS-CoV-2 aisladas de pacientes peruanos. Métodos: Se seleccionaron todos los genomas publicados hasta marzo del 2021, subidos en el repositorio de GISAID y Nextstrain. Todos los datos están en la web de manera pública; además se filtró la información por continente, país, región, clado, linaje y sexo desde marzo de 2020 hasta febrero de 2021. Resultados: Se evidenció que la región con la mayoría de los genomas aislados fue Lima, el clado más frecuente es el GR, el linaje viral B.1.1 es el más frecuente y persistente en tiempo y la mayor parte de genomas fueron aislados de personas del sexo femenino. Conclusiones: El clado GR es común para todos los países sudamericanos y los continentes europeos y asiáticos, seguido de los clados G y GH con mayor frecuencia; por otro lado, el linaje viral más persistente en Perú es el B.1.1, siendo este dato no común con otros países.


Introduction: Genomic analysis of samples from documented COVID-19 cases can be used successfully to help track sources of Sars-Cov-2 infection, which can be quarantined to prevent the recurrent spread of the disease around the world. Objective: To describe the SARS-CoV-2 sequences isolated from Peruvian patients. Methods: All genomes published up to March 2021, uploaded in the GISAID and Nextstrain repository, were selected. All data is on the web in a public way; In addition, the information was filtered by continent, country, region, clade, lineage, and sex from March 2020 to February 2021. Results: It was evidenced that the region with the most isolated genomes was Lima, the most frequent clade is GR, the viral lineage B.1.1 is the most frequent and persistent in time and most of the genomes were isolated from people of the female sex.Conclusions: The clade GR is common to all South American countries and the European and Asian continents, followed by clades G and GH with greater frequency; on the other hand, the most persistent viral lineage in Peru is B.1.1, this being not common with other countries.

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