[Prevalence of proteinuria in children followed-up for HIV infection at Pediatric University Hospital Charles-de-Gaulle (CHUP-CDG) of Ouagadougou]. / Prévalence de la protéinurie chez les enfants suivis pour infection à VIH au centre hospitalier universitaire pédiatrique Charles-de-Gaulle (CHUP-CDG) de Ouagadougou.

In subjects infected with HIV, proteinuria could represent a marker of HIV associated nephropathy (HIVAN), the most important cause of chronic renal failure in them. To determine the prevalence of proteinuria in children with HIV infection and to improve the screening of renal disease for these children in our country, we conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study over a 3-month period. We included 122 children (0-14 years old) with HIV infection followed at CHUP-CDG. Proteinuria was calculated using the first morning urine sample by dipstick test (significant for a "+" or more). Statistical tests were significant for p < 0.05. The 122 children (121 HIV1 and 1 HIV2) comprised of 64 boys and 58 girls. Eighteen (14.8%) (14 boys and 4 girls) had proteinuria (1 or 2 "+"). The mean age of patients with proteinuria was 10.4 ± 3.3 years. None of the children were hypertensive. All were infected with HIV1. Proteinuria was associated with microscopic hematuria in six cases. The average CD4 count was 21 ± 8% versus 23 ± 10% in 42 patients without proteinuria (p = NS). The mean serum creatinine in patients with proteinuria was 47 ± 29 µmol/l. Three of them had acute renal failure. All patients with proteinuria had antiretroviral treatment (ARV) since 40 ± 24 months versus 36 ± 26 months in 98 patients without proteinuria. No treatment included tenofovir, indinavir, or converting enzyme inhibitor. The prevalence of proteinuria in our sample is lower than that reported by other African writers in untreated subjects. This fact suggests a nephroprotection of ARV in our patients probably treated early and effectively. However, microalbuminuria, a possible early marker of HIVAN, has not been evaluated by our study. Studies of the prevalence of microalbuminuria in children infected with HIVand treated with ARVs in Sub-Saharan African countries should be encouraged. They would help to determine the relevance in these children of research routinely of microalbuminuria and to screen and precociously take care of a possible HIVAN or other chronic glomerulopathy.

[HIV risk practices and access to prevention in a men's prison in Burkina Faso]. / Pratiques à risque et accès à la prévention du VIH dans une prison pour hommes au Burkina Faso.

The aim of this survey was to assess the HIV risk practices of male prisoners and their access to prevention. This descriptive study took place at the House of Detention and Corrections in Ouagadougou from June through August 2012. In all, 165 prisoners (median age: 28 years, range: 18-65) were interviewed. A low proportion of the prisoners (16%) had accurate knowledge of the modes of HIV transmission. Before imprisonment, their sex lives featured multiple partners, occasional sex, and low condom use. Seven (4%) prisoners reported homosexual relations while in prison. The conditions of incarceration and the denial of homosexual practices at Ouagadougou aggravate prisoners' vulnerability to HIV/AIDS.

[Genetic structure of the Voltaic population of the Mossi plateau (Upper Volta)]. / Contribution à la connaissance de la structure génétique de la population voltaique du plateau Mossi (Haute-Volta).

This study is about the placement of genetic markers of the "erythrocytaire ABO system". The area of study is the people of the central region of Upper Volta that is to say the following ethnic groups: Mossi, Bissa, Gourounsi, Samo, Peulh. The analysis of results permits us to conclude that the population of the central region is divided into two distinct groups: one group made up of the Bissa, Mossi, Gourounsi, Samo ethnic groups, constituting with respect to the "system ABO" a uniform population. And secondly a group constituted by the Peulh ethnic group which is different from the first group. The calculation of the inter-ethnic "genetic-distances" permits to see the similarities and the differences that one can conclude and discover between the diverse groups. Some studies to take place in the future in the east and west will permit us to further complete the map of "genetic distances" between ethnic groups of Upper-volta.