Barriers and facilitators to implementing pharmacist-provided comprehensive medication management in primary care transformation.

PURPOSE: How to effectively integrate pharmacists into team-based models of care to maximize the benefit they bring to patients and care teams, especially during times of primary care transformation (PCT), remains unknown. The objective of this study was to identify barriers and facilitators when integrating pharmacist-provided comprehensive medication management (CMM) services into a health system's team-based PCT using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). METHODS: Semistructured qualitative interviews were carried out with 22 care team members regarding their perceptions of the implementation of CMM in the PCT. Transcripts were coded to identify CMM implementation barriers and facilitators, and resulting codes were mapped to corresponding CFIR domains and constructs. RESULTS: Fifteen codes emerged that were labeled as either a barrier or a facilitator to implementing CMM in the PCT. Facilitators were the perception of CMM as an invaluable resource, precharting, tailored appointment lengths, insurance coverage, increased pharmacy presence, enhanced team-based care, location of CMM, and identification of CMM advocates. Barriers included limited clinic leadership involvement, a need for additional resources, CMM pharmacists not always feeling part of the core team, understanding of and training around CMM's role in the PCT, changing mindsets to utilize resources such as CMM more frequently, underutilization of CMM, and CMM scheduling. CONCLUSION: Clinical pharmacists providing CMM represent a valuable interdisciplinary care team member who can help improve healthcare quality and access to primary care. Identifying and addressing implementation barriers and facilitators early during PCT rollout is critical to the success of team-based services such as CMM and becoming a learning health system.

Delivering Care to High-Cost High-Need Patients: Lessons Learned in the Development of a Complex Care Primary Care Team.

As part of a population health-focused primary care transformation, in 2019 a health system in Minnesota developed a primary care team to exclusively care for high-cost high-need patients. Through its development and implementation, the team has discovered several key lessons in delivering care to complex patients. These lessons include the benefits of more integrative team-based care, the need and advantages of designated complex care team members, the importance of teamwork both within and outside of the complex care team, the need for frequent communication, and the importance of identifying mental health needs. In addition, there are several areas that require ongoing research and exploration, such as determining when a patient is able to graduate out of the program, how to enhance access to the complex care team, determining appropriate visit characteristics, and model feasibility. While addressing the needs of high cost high need patients is essential to improving quality of care and decreasing health care costs, there are several unique challenges and opportunities that come with caring for this patient population. Although this highly integrated model of care continues to evolve, the initial lessons learned may inform other health systems and care teams undertaking the care of complex patients.