[Controllable systemic destruction of old collagen fibers as a novel approach for rejuvenating biological aging in mammals.]

Aging of extracellular proteins colloidal systems is one of major synchronizing mechanism in mammal`s «biological clock¼. We hypothesized that induced controllable modification of connective tissue composition could reverse aging. In murine experimental models collagenase was used for selective destruction of old collagen. Oxygen consumption, urine hydroxyproline excretion, density and distribution of mature and old collagen and elastine fibers in dermal biopsies were determined. Collagenase injections significantly increased hydroxyproline excretion. We observed reduced density of mature and old collagen fibers and increased oxygen consumption in dermal biopsies after course of collagenase injections. Collagenase treatment intensified the destruction of mature and old collagen matrix and enhanced synthesis of new collagen and elastine fibers. Furthermore oxygen consumption increased. Our findings can be considered as indicator of collagenase systemic anti-aging (rejuvenation) activity.

[Characteristics of the fucoglycoproteins in Buryats]. / Nekotorye osobennosti fukoglikoproteidov u buriat.

The peptic ulcer is observed among the Transbaikalian Buryats 3 to 4 times less frequently than among the Russians living in the same environments. The national difference in the frequency of this disease is determined genetically. Revealing its cause is the most perspective way to determine the mechanism of the hereditary predisposition to the peptic ulcer. For this purpose, the Buryats and the Russians were investigated for peculiarities of fucoglycoproteids (FGP), the main chemical protective agents of gastroduodenal system. The blood group, the presence of antigenic properties of ABH(0) system, fucosuria as the intensity index of the secretion have been determined. It was found that the Buryats have the A (II) blood group less frequently than the Russians. Inability to secrete the "A" group FGP (which prevents the peptic ulcer development) into the mucus was observed more frequently for the Buryats. the quantity of the fucose discharged by the Buryats in the urine is twice as much as that discharged by the Russians. The results obtained suggest that the rare occurrence of the peptic ulcer among the Buryats is due to the excessive formation of FGPs, which compensates the defects of quality.

[Clinical value of the cholesterol test in patients with arteriosclerosis]. / Klinicheskoe znachenie testa s nagruzkoi kholesterinom u bol'nykh aterosklerozom.

Capacity for the excretion of cholesterol (CS) and bile acids was studied, using an original cholesterol load test, in atherosclerotic patients. They showed reduced fecal excretion of neutral sterols and bile acids following cholesterol load, unlike normal subjects, whose respective values were increased irrespective of age. Fecal excretion of these substances was particularly low in second-type hyperlipoproteinemia. Atherosclerosis-related changes of sterol balance may be an evidence of latent incompetence of mechanisms of hepatic evacuation of substances that may be regarded as atherosclerotic risk factors.

[Fucoglycoproteins in the biological fluids of relatives of peptic ulcer patients]. / Fukoglikoproteidy v biologicheskikh zhidkostiakh rodstvennikov bol'nykh iazvennoi bolezn'iu.

Comparative studies of 89 people originating from healthy families and of 103 relatives of patients with ulcerous disease revealed in the latter group more frequent occurrence of the O (I) group of blood, nonsecretory status as evidenced by ABH or secretion of group antigen "H", an increase in content of high molecular fucoglycoproteins in blood serum and increased urinary excretion of fucoglycopeptides. The data obtained suggest that impairment of secretion of fucoglycoproteins in ulcerous disease is hereditary determined; the impairment may faster development of chronic ulcer in the gastroduodenum due to weakening of the barrier function of the system

[Urinary glycosaminoglycans in peptic ulcer, chronic gastritis, and normal subjects]. / Glikozaminoglikany v moche bol'nykh iazvennoi bolezn'iu, khronicheskim gastritom i zdorovykh liudei.

Excretion of glycosaminoglycans with urine in patients with duodenal ulcer was lowered due to a distinct decrease in amount of chondroitin sulphates. If the ulcer was localized in stomach and in chronic gastritis the glycosaminoglycan excretion was near the normal level. During the acute period of duodenal ulcer chondroitin sulphate deficiency was compensated by an increased production of hyaluronic acid, while at the period of clinical remission a stimulation of heparin production was noted.

[Content of biological oxidation metabolites in the blood and urine of peptic ulcer patients]. / Soderzhanie nekotorykh metabolitov biologicheskogo okisleniia v krovi i moche bol'nykh iazvennoi bolezn'iu.

Content of pyruvic, lactic, citric, acetic, oxaloacetic acids in blood as well as excretion of pyruvic acid with urine were studied in patients with ulcer, chronic gastritis, carcinoma of the stomach and in healthy persons. Concentrations of pyruvic and lactic acids in blood as well as excretion of pyruvic acid with urine were increased in the patients during acute periods of ulcerous disease, chronic gastritis and in carcinoma of the stomach. Level of citric acid was decreased in blood in ulcerous disease and increased in chronic gastritis and, especially, in the carcinoma. During acute period of ulcerous disease concentration of acetic acid was decreased in blood. Content of oxaloacetic acid was similar both in healthy persons and in patients with the disease. The data obtained suggest that oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvic acid is inhibited in patients with ulcerous disease.

[Elimination of glycosaminoglycans in duodenal peptic ulcer and problems of its pathogenesis]. / Vydelenie glikozaminoglikanov pri iazvennoi bolezni dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki i nekotorye voprosy ee patogeneza.

Changes in the excretion and composition of proteoglycans specific for duodenal ulcer were studied in 50 patients with duodenal ulcer, 30 patients with gastric ulcer, 30 patients with chronic endogenous gastroduodenitis and in 35 healthy persons. In all the examinees proteoglycans were isolated from daily urine, their carbohydrate components--glycosaminoglycans (GAG)--were separated and divided into fractions (keratan sulfate, hyaluronic acid, heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate-4, chondroitin sulfate-6, dermatan sulfate, and heparin) by column chromatography on unmodified cellulose. It has been established that only peptic ulcer is characterized by disorders in GAG excretion differing in the period of exacerbation and remission. Changes in the composition of proteoglycans excreted with urine resulted probably from a deficiency of chondroitin sulfate-6 in patients with chronic duodenal ulcer. The deficiency was more marked during exacerbation but did not disappear in the period of remission of duodenal ulcer either.

[Excretion of various glycosaminoglycans in patients with chronic duodenal ulcer]. / Vydelenie razlichnykh glikozaminoglikanov u bol'nykh khronicheskoi duodenal'noi iazvoi.

Excretion of individual glycosaminoglycans (GAG's) with urine was studied in patients with chronic duodenal ulcer. 31 patient with acute manifestations of the duodenal ulcer, 24 patients within the period of remission as well as 29 practically healthy persons were studied. Column chromatography on cellulose was used for separation of a mixture containing keratan sulfate, hyaluronic acid, heparan sulfate, chondroitin-4 and -6-sulfates, dermatan sulfate and heparin. During the acute period of duodenal ulcer daily excretion of all the individual GAG's with urine was decreased (especially distinct for the fraction of chondroitin-6-sulfate) as compared with excretion of these carbohydrates in healthy persons. The level of GAG excretion was increased distinctly, exceeding the values found in healthy persons, during the remission. Excretion of chondroitin-6-sulfate and keratan sulfate was markedly increased in these cases.

[Various characteristics of the urinary excretion of glycosaminoglycans in patients with peptic ulcer, chronic duodenal ulcer and in their relatives]. / Nekotorye osobennosti vydeleniia glikozaminoglikanov u bol'nykh iazvennoi bolezn'iu, s khronicheskoi duodenal'noi iazvoi i ikh rodstvennikov.

The authors describe the results of studying secretion of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) with urine in 82 patients with peptic ulcer, 30 relatives and in 30 normal subjects with nonaggravated heredity. Patients with chronic duodenal ulcer during exacerbation and their normal relatives showed an essential reduction in the magnitude of the above indicator (1.6- and 1.8-fold, respectively, P less than 0.001) at the expense of a decrease in secretion of chondroitinsulfates (CDS) (2.4- and 2.1-fold, respectively, P less than 0.001). In peptic ulcer of the stomach, such a phenomenon was not recorded. During a disease remission there was an increase in GAG secretion with urine, linked with hyperheparinuria (13.1-fold, P less than 0.001). The data obtained indicate that the genetically determined impairment of CDS synthesis may be among one of the mechanisms by which hereditary aggravation in peptic ulcer of the duodenum is mediated. Hyperproduction of heparin during a disease remission is likely to play the role of one of the components of the defense-adaptation reaction responsible for ulcer healing.

[Various features of the formation and secretion of bile acids in spontaneous atherosclerosis]. / Nekotorye osobennosti obrazovaniia i vydeleniia zhelchnykh kislot pri spontannom ateroskleroze.

Main pathways of cholesterol catabolism were found to be dissimilar in patients with spontaneous coronary atherosclerosis accompanied by hyperlipoproteinemia as compared with healthy persons of the same age. In the patients, independently of the hyperlipoproteinemia type, a longer pathway prevailed which terminated at the step of cholic acid formation, while in healthy persons the shorter pathway was found to be discontinuous after chenodeoxycholic acid production. The specific property of cholesterol catabolism in healthy persons appears to be due to a decrease in activity of V12 alpha-hydroxylase thus protecting against development of spontaneous atherosclerosis.

[Fucose and other neutral hexoses in the feces of patients with nonspecific ulcerative colitis]. / Fukoza i drugie neitral'nye geksozy v kale u bol'nykh nespetsificheskim iazvennym kolitom.

Secretion of glycoproteins with protective mucus of large intestine was studied by means of estimation of the carbohydrate components in feces of patients with unspecific ulcerous colitis. A decrease in daily excretion with feces of glycoproteins and glycopeptides was detected in these patients as well as in the patients with chronic pancreatitis. Under conditions of unspecific ulcerous colitis distinct from chronic pancreatitis content of fucoglycoproteins, main chemical protectors of gastrointestinal tract, was primarily decreased. The defect of large intestine mucus might be responsible for impairment of barrier function of the intestinal mucose and to contribute to ulcer development.

[Balance of carbohydrate-containing biopolymers in the large intestine and mechanism of its impairments in ulcerous disease]. / Balans uglevodsoderzhashchikh biopolimerov v tolstoi kishke i mekhanizm ee porazheniia pri iazvennoi.

Excretion of carbohydrate-containing components of glycoproteins with feces was studied in patients with ulcerous disease, chronic gastritis, with cancer of stomach and in healthy persons. Content of glycoproteins, especially of fucoglycoproteins, was decreased in intestinal mucous during an acute period of the ulcerous disease. The same phenomenon was observed in epithelium of a distal part of small intestine. Remissions were accompanied by an increase in content of fucoglycoproteins in mucus and epithelium cells. These alterations in balance of glycoproteins were not found in other investigated impairments of the gastro-duodenal system.

[Fecal excretion of neutral and acid sterols in patients with atherosclerosis with a progressive or stable course]. / Fekal'naia ékskretsiia neitral'nykh i kislykh sterinov u bol'nykh s progressiruiushchim i stabil'nym techeniem ateroskleroza.

Within 6 years repeated studies were carried out in 525 men including 54 atherosclerotic patients without any impairments of liver tissue and 73 healthy people out of which 33 were older and younger than 40. The level of fecal excretion of acid and, especially, neutral sterols was distinctly higher in the patients with progressive atherosclerosis than in the stable phase of the disease. In the healthy persons older than 40 the sterol excretion was also increased but, mainly, due to an elevation in content of bile acids, accounting for the increased level of fecal cholate-cholesterol index. High content of sterols in feces and of lipids in blood of patients with progressive atherosclerosis might be related to an increased synthesis of cholesterol as well as to a decrease in activity of liver enzymatic systems, oxidizing cholesterol into bile acids.

[Classification of peptic ulcer]. / O klassifikatsii iazvennoi bolezni.

To make more simple and useful classification of peptic ulcer the following criteria of the above classification are proposed: nosological entity (ulcer), form (primary, recurrent), site (subcardial, mediogastric, antral, pyloric. duodenal bulbar and duodenal retrobulbar), activity (A-III--a severe exacerbation, A-II--a moderate exacerbation, A-I--clinical remission, A-0--complete remission), clinical course (severe, moderate, light, latent), complications (perforation, hemorrhage, penetration, malignant transformation, pyloric stenosis compensated, pyloric stenosis decompensated).