[Evaluation of the anxiety state in patients receiving radioiodine treatment or who undergo a sentinel lymph node examination in the Nuclear Medicine Department]. / Valoración del estado de ansiedad de los pacientes que reciben un tratamiento con radioyodo o son sometidos a una exploración de ganglio centinela en el servicio de Medicina Nuclear.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the presence of anxiety in patients referred to a Nuclear Medicine Department (NMD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 148 patients were included: 67 were referred for radioiodine therapy, 48 with hyperthyroidism (HT), 19 with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), and 81 were referred for detection and biopsy of the sentinel node in breast cancer (BC). The following documents were filled out: personal data, a state-trait anxiety inventory, a scale of pre-disposing factors causing anxiety and an information questionnaire. Anxiety-predisposing factors and the influence of the information on the presence of anxiety were studied. RESULTS: HT patients: 47% had anxiety in the moment of the visit that was not related to the level of information received. The factor that worried them the most was the radioiodine administration. Being the first visit to a NMD significantly influenced (p<0.05) on the presence of anxiety. DTC patients: 42% had anxiety in the moment of the visit not related to the level of information received. The factor that worried them the most was the illness itself. No factor had a significant influence on the presence of anxiety. BC patients: 53% had anxiety in the moment of the visit that was not related to the level of information received. What worried them the most were the results. Having anxiety and/or depression significantly influenced (p<0.05) the presence of anxiety. CONCLUSION: The quantity of information given before a procedure in a NMD does not influence on the presence of anxiety. Nevertheless, it is our duty to give the best possible information.

[Positive sentinel node risk in relation to oestrogen receptors in breast cancer in premenopausal and postmenopausal women]. / Relación entre el riesgo de metástasis en el ganglio centinela y los receptores estrogénicos en pacientes pre y posmenopáusicas con cáncer de mama.

OBJECTIVE: The influence of the relationship between pre- and post-menopausal stage of patients with breast cancer (BC) and the risk of sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis as well as the influence of oestrogen receptor (ER) status within each one of these groups were analyzed. METHODS: A BC database with 1,388 patients was analysed. Three age groups were studied: A, elderly postmenopausal, 200 patients, ≥ 70 years old; B, younger postmenopausal, 89 patients, 55-69 years old; C, premenopausal, 85 patients, <55 years old. In each group 2 subgroups were analyzed: positive ER and negative ER tumours. Data analysed: SLN-positive patients, non-sentinel node (NSN)-positive patients, non-surgical detections (NSD) and non disease-free (NDF) patients after a follow-up of 52 months. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: chi-squared test, significance: P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: SLN metastasis was significantly (P<0.025) more common in premenopausal than in postmenopausal patients, and within those, mainly in negative ER tumours. Positive-NSN increases slightly in premenopausal patients (exclusively in negative ER tumours). NDF patients are similar in the 3 groups and in all of them it is much more frequent in negative ER tumours. CONCLUSION: SLN metastasis varies significantly according to hormonal state and not according to age, being more frequent in premenopausal patients and mainly in ER negative tumours.

[Measurement of 75Se-SeHCAT abdominal retention in the initial diagnosis of Bile Acid Absorption (BAM)]. / Medición de la absorción de los ácidos biliares en el diagnóstico inicial de la diarrea crónica.

AIM: To evaluate the usefulness of the (75)SeHCAT abdominal retention (AR) measurement in the early diagnosis of diarrhea syndrome (DS). METHODS: Thirty-seven patients with diarrhea syndrome within the first month of evolution were prospectively evaluated. The (75)Se-SeHCAT abdominal retention was measured 4 and 7 days post-administration of 0.01 mCi of (75)SeHCAT. The test was performed prior to treatment and at 3 months when the baseline study was positive. The test was considered positive if the RA was <25% at 4(th) and <10% on the 7th day. The patients were visited at 3 months. Depending on the response, 3 groups were established: a) complete response: normalization of stool frequency, b) partial response, decrease of frequency or c) no response. RESULTS: Group A: The AR of (75)Se-SEHCAT was normal in 21 patients. Six were diagnosed of colonic diverticulosis, 8 of irritable bowel syndrome, 1 of lymphocytic colitis, 1 of post-gastroenteritis syndrome, 1 of celiac disease and 1 of stenosis of the cardia. Four are still under study. Group B: The AR of (75)Se-SEHCAT decreased in 16 patients. All showed abnormal AR at day 7 and all but 1 at day 4. Following administration of cholestyramine resin, 8 (50%) presented partial response and 8 (50%) complete response. At 3 months, AR had increased at day 4 and 9 at day 7. CONCLUSION: The measurement of (75)SEHCAT abdominal retention allows the early diagnosis of bile acid malabsorption in 43% of the patients with DS. Measurement at 7 days seems more accurate than that at 4 days.

Medición de la absorción de los ácidos biliares en el diagnóstico inicial de la diarrea crónica / Measurement of 75Se-SeHCAT abdominal retention in the initial diagnosis of Bile Acid Absorption (BAM)

Objetivo. Evaluar la utilidad de la prueba del 75SeHCAT en el diagnóstico precoz del síndrome diarreico (SD). Se evaluaron prospectivamente 37 pacientes con SD de un mes de evolución. Método. Se midió la retención abdominal (RA) de 75SeHCAT 4 y 7 días post-administración de 0,01 mCi de 75SeHCAT antes del tratamiento y a los tres meses en los pacientes con estudio basal positivo. La prueba se consideró positiva si la RA era: < 25% el 4.° y < 10% el 7.° días. Los pacientes fueron visitados a los tres meses. Según la respuesta se distinguió: a) respuesta completa: normalización del ritmo deposicional; b) respuesta parcial, disminución de la frecuencia/consistencia, y c) no respuesta. Resultados. Grupo A: la RA fue normal en 21 pacientes. El diagnóstico fue: 6 divertículos colónicos, 8 síndrome de intestino irritable, 1 colitis linfocitaria, 1 síndrome post-gastroenteritis, 1 enfermedad celíaca, 1 estenosis de cardias y 4 continuan en estudio. Grupo B: la RA disminuyó en 16 pacientes; todos mostraron una RA baja a los 7 días y solo uno a los 4 días. Tras la administración de resina de colestiramina, 8 (50%) presentaron respuesta parcial y 8 (50%) respuesta completa. A los tres meses, la RA había aumentado en tres pacientes al 4.° día y en 9 al 7.° día. Conclusión. La medición de la RA de 75Se-SEHCAT permite el diagnóstico precoz de la malabsorción de sales biliares en el 43% de pacientes con SD. La medición a los 7 días parece más precisa que la de los 4 días(AU)

Aim. To evaluate the usefulness of the 75SeHCAT abdominal retention (AR) measurement in the early diagnosis of diarrhea syndrome (DS). Methods. Thirty-seven patients with diarrhea syndrome within the first month of evolution were prospectively evaluated. The 75Se-SeHCAT abdominal retention was measured 4 and 7 days post-administration of 0.01 mCi of 75SeHCAT. The test was performed prior to treatment and at 3 months when the baseline study was positive. The test was considered positive if the RA was <25% at 4th and <10% on the 7th day. The patients were visited at 3 months. Depending on the response, 3 groups were established: a) complete response: normalization of stool frequency, b) partial response, decrease of frequency or c) no response. Results. Group A: The AR of 75Se-SEHCAT was normal in 21 patients. Six were diagnosed of colonic diverticulosis, 8 of irritable bowel syndrome, 1 of lymphocytic colitis, 1 of post-gastroenteritis syndrome, 1 of celiac disease and 1 of stenosis of the cardia. Four are still under study. Group B: The AR of 75Se-SEHCAT decreased in 16 patients. All showed abnormal AR at day 7 and all but 1 at day 4. Following administration of cholestyramine resin, 8 (50%) presented partial response and 8 (50%) complete response. At 3 months, AR had increased at day 4 and 9 at day 7. Conclusion. The measurement of 75SEHCAT abdominal retention allows the early diagnosis of bile acid malabsorption in 43% of the patients with DS. Measurement at 7 days seems more accurate than that at 4 days(AU)

Valoración del estado de ansiedad de los pacientes que reciben un tratamiento con radioyodo o son sometidos a una exploración de ganglio centinela en el servicio de Medicina Nuclear / Evaluation of the anxiety state in patients receiving radioiodine treatment or who undergo a sentinel lymph node examination in the Nuclear Medicine Department

ObjetivoAnalizar la presencia de ansiedad en pacientes derivados a un servicio de Medicina Nuclear (SMN).Material y métodoSe incluyeron 148 pacientes; 67 derivados para tratamiento con radioyodo, 48 con hipertiroidismo (HT), 19 con carcinoma diferenciado de tiroides (CDT) y 81 para detección y biopsia del ganglio centinela (GC) en carcinoma de mama (CM).Material y métodoSe rellenaron los siguientes documentos: datos de filiación, escala de ansiedad estado-rasgo, escala de factores predisponentes ansiógenos y cuestionario de información.Material y métodoSe estudiaron los factores predisponentes ansiógenos y la influencia de la información en el padecimiento de ansiedad.ResultadosUn 47% de los pacientes con HT tenían ansiedad en el momento de la visita, que no se relacionó con el nivel de información recibido. El factor que más les preocupaba era la administración de radioyodo. El hecho de ser la primera visita a un SMN se relacionó estadísticamente (p<0,05) con la aparición de ansiedad.ResultadosEl 42% de los pacientes con CDT tenían ansiedad en el momento de la visita, que no se relacionó con el nivel de información recibido. El factor que más les preocupaba era la propia enfermedad. Ningún factor fue relacionado estadísticamente con la aparición de ansiedad.ResultadosEl 53% de los pacientes con CM tenían ansiedad en el momento de la visita, que no se relacionó con el nivel de información recibido. El factor que más les preocupaba eran los resultados. El antecedente ansioso-depresivo se relacionó estadísticamente (p<0,05) con la aparición de ansiedad.ConclusiónLa cantidad de información proporcionada antes de un procedimiento en un SMN no influye en el padecimiento de ansiedad. No obstante, es nuestro deber dar la mejor información posible(AU)

ObjectiveTo analyze the presence of anxiety in patients referred to a Nuclear Medicine Department (NMD).Material and methodsA total of 148 patients were included: 67 were referred for radioiodine therapy, 48 with hyperthyroidism (HT), 19 with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), and 81 were referred for detection and biopsy of the sentinel node in breast cancer (BC).Material and methodsThe following documents were filled out: personal data, a state-trait anxiety inventory, a scale of pre-disposing factors causing anxiety and an information questionnaire.Material and methodsAnxiety-predisposing factors and the influence of the information on the presence of anxiety were studied.ResultsHT patients: 47% had anxiety in the moment of the visit that was not related to the level of information received. The factor that worried them the most was the radioiodine administration. Being the first visit to a NMD significantly influenced (p<0.05) on the presence of anxiety.ResultsDTC patients: 42% had anxiety in the moment of the visit not related to the level of information received. The factor that worried them the most was the illness itself. No factor had a significant influence on the presence of anxiety.ResultsBC patients: 53% had anxiety in the moment of the visit that was not related to the level of information received. What worried them the most were the results. Having anxiety and/or depression significantly influenced (p<0.05) the presence of anxiety.ConclusionThe quantity of information given before a procedure in a NMD does not influence on the presence of anxiety. Nevertheless, it is our duty to give the best possible information(AU)

Relación entre el riesgo de metástasis en el ganglio centinela y los receptores estrogénicos en pacientes pre y posmenopáusicas con cáncer de mama / Positive sentinel node risk in relation to oestrogen receptors in breast cancer in premenopausal and postmenopausal women

Objetivo. Investigar la relación entre el estado pre o posmenopáusico de la paciente con carcinoma de mama (CM) y el riesgo de metástasis en el ganglio centinela (GC) y dentro de cada uno de esos grupos el riesgo según el estado de los receptores de estrógeno (RE). Método. Análisis de la base de datos de GC con 1.388 pacientes. Se estudiaron tres grupos de edad: A) posmenopáusicas ancianas, 200 pacientes, ≥70 años; B) posmenopáusicas más jóvenes, 89 pacientes, 55–69 años, y C) premenopáusicas, 85 pacientes, <55 años. En cada grupo se analizaron 2 subgrupos: tumores con RE positivos o negativos. Factores estudiados en cada grupo y subgrupo: pacientes con GC positivo, pacientes con ganglios no centinela (GNC) positivos, número de no detecciones quirúrgicas (NDQ) y pacientes no libres de enfermedad (NLE) tras 52 meses de seguimiento. Análisis estadístico: test de chi-cuadrado; significancia p<=0,05. Resultados. En las premenopáusicas el número de GC positivos es significativamente (p<0,025) mayor que en las posmenopáusicas y dentro de las premenopáusicas fundamentalmente en los tumores con RE negativos. El número de GNC positivos aumenta solo discretamente en las premenopáusicas y ocurre exclusivamente en tumores con RE negativos. El número de pacientes NLE es similar en los 3 grupos y en todos ellos es mucho más frecuente en pacientes con tumores con RE negativos. Conclusiones. El número de pacientes con GC positivo varía significativamente con el estado hormonal y no con la edad de la paciente, siendo más frecuentes en las premenopáusicas y fundamentalmente en tumores con RE negativos(AU)

Objective. The influence of the relationship between pre- and post-menopausal stage of patients with breast cancer (BC) and the risk of sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis as well as the influence of oestrogen receptor (ER) status within each one of these groups were analyzed. Methods. A BC database with 1,388 patients was analysed. Three age groups were studied: A, elderly postmenopausal, 200 patients, ≥70 years old; B, younger postmenopausal, 89 patients, 55–69 years old; C, premenopausal, 85 patients, <55 years old. In each group 2 subgroups were analyzed: positive ER and negative ER tumours. Data analysed: SLN-positive patients, non-sentinel node (NSN)-positive patients, non-surgical detections (NSD) and non disease-free (NDF) patients after a follow-up of 52 months. Statistical analysis: chi-squared test, significance: P<=0.05. Results. SLN metastasis was significantly (P<0.025) more common in premenopausal than in postmenopausal patients, and within those, mainly in negative ER tumours. Positive-NSN increases slightly in premenopausal patients (exclusively in negative ER tumours). NDF patients are similar in the 3 groups and in all of them it is much more frequent in negative ER tumours. Conclusion. SLN metastasis varies significantly according to hormonal state and not according to age, being more frequent in premenopausal patients and mainly in ER negative tumours(AU)