Chronic kidney disease acquired knowledge in a diabetic and hypertensive population using a translated and validated questionnaire.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the progressive and irreversible functional and/or structural impairment of the kidney; its main etiologies include hypertension and diabetes. Mexico has the second highest prevalence of CKD worldwide with a high economic burden affecting public and private health systems. Patients with higher knowledge about CKD increase their adherence to preventive treatment. In this study we aim to describe the knowledge of CKD in a sample of Mexican high-risk population, comparing it with general Mexican population, medical students and nephrologists. A cross-sectional, observational study was performed divided in two phases: translation and validation of the knowledge questionnaire to Spanish, and cross-sectional survey to evaluate the knowledge of CKD in patients with diagnosis of diabetes and/or hypertension. We interviewed medical students, general population, and nephrologists to attain validation of the questionnaire in Spanish. The questionnaire was answered by 1,061 participants within the high-risk population. The results of the questionnaire were: 22/24, 18/24, 13.8/24, and 13.4/24 in nephrologists, medical students, normal subjects, and high-risk population, respectively. The questions with least correct answers were related to kidney functions and CKD risk factors. To our knowledge this is the first time a questionnaire for CKD knowledge is applied in Mexican population. These findings suggest poor understanding of kidney functions, risk factors, and symptoms of CKD. It is important not only to provide medical treatment to chronic illness but also awareness of the consequences of not achieving goals of treatment.

Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among pregnant persons.

BACKGROUND: Vaccines reduce the risk of contracting and developing complications from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Pregnant people are at increased risk of disease-related complications but have a higher prevalence of vaccine hesitancy (VH) than their nonpregnant counterparts. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe risk factors and COVID-19- and vaccine-related perspectives that lead to VH among pregnant people in Mexico to target strategies to increase vaccine acceptance in this population. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey-based study to evaluate risk factors and COVID-19- and vaccine-related perspectives associated with VH among pregnant people was conducted. Respondents were pregnant people of all ages attending a regular follow-up visit or admitted to labor and delivery in a third-level maternity hospital in Mexico. VH was defined as not having received a COVID-19 vaccine and either declining or being undecided to accept a vaccine during their pregnancy. We used bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models to estimate assess the relationship among demographic factors, COVID-19- and vaccine-related perspectives, and VH. RESULTS: A total of 1475 respondents completed the questionnaire; 216 (18%) were under the age of 18 years, and 860 (58%) had received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. In this sample, 264 (18%) were classified as vaccine hesitant. Key factors associated with VH were adolescence, having family as a primary source of information, first pregnancy, and history of vaccines in previous pregnancies. COVID-19 perspectives were also strongly associated with VH. CONCLUSIONS: Among pregnant people in Mexico, VH is associated with demographic factors, vaccination history, sources of information, and perceived risks to the fetus. This information is relevant to policy makers and health care professionals to identify those more likely to be hesitant and to inform strategies to increase vaccine uptake among pregnant people.

Universal screening for SARS-CoV-2 in obstetric patients.

Not available.

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy prevalence in Mexico: A systematic review and metanalysis.

Background: Vaccine hesitancy (VH) is a recognized threat to public health that undermines efforts to mitigate disease burden. This study aims to gather available evidence regarding COVID-19 VH in Mexico, estimate the prevalence of VH, and its determinants to inform policymaking in this country. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review of the MEDLINE literature, articles that estimated the prevalence of COVID-19 VH in Mexico were included in the analysis to obtain a pooled estimate. We used a binomial-normal model for meta-analysis of proportions (i.e., generalized linear mixed model) to perform the metanalysis. We then performed a narrative review of COVID-19 VH in Mexican subpopulations. Results: Seven studies met inclusion criteria. We estimated a pooled prevalence of COVID-19 VH of 16 % (95 % CI: 11-23 %) in Mexico. We found an association between VH and demographic characteristics, intrinsic vaccine factors, and beliefs. Subgroup analyses from specific studies suggested that patients with clinical conditions such as breast cancer or rheumatologic diseases had a higher prevalence of VH. Conclusions: VH is a highly complex and dynamic phenomenon in Mexico. Characterizing and understanding COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the Mexican population helps target future policy interventions to mitigate the spread and impact of infectious diseases. The implications of VH differ among groups that may be at higher risk of severe disease, underscoring the importance of prompt research among these groups as well as targeted interventions to address VH.