Megakaryocytes of the Spleen in Experimental Amyloidosis and Effect of Red Wine.

Amyloidosis was modeled in young mice by administration of aqueous solution of soy cream substitute and then, amyloidogenesis was corrected by oral administration of dry red wine. In mice with amyloidosis, the area of megakaryocytes decreased by 1.69 times, the relative content of oxyphilic forms of megakaryocytes increased by 4.33 times, and ploidy did not change in comparison with the corresponding parameters in intact mice. Administration of red dry grape wine against the background of formation of systemic amyloidosis changed the reaction of megakaryocytes: the content of polychromatophilic forms was comparable to the level of intact control, the content of oxyphilic forms decreased by 3.11 times, the RNA and DNA content in megakaryocyte nuclei decreased proportionally, and the ploidy decreased. Thus, red grape wine reduced the response of the megakaryocyte genome to the external supply of amyloidogenic substance.

Hepatic Mast Cells in Mice with Experimental Amyloidosis.

We studied the response of mast cells in mouse liver to experimental amyloidosis modeled by administration of aqueous solution of soy cream substitute and its correction by spontaneous dry red wine intake per os. Mast cells in mice with amyloidosis and intact mice were presented by α-ortho- and ß1-metachromatic non-degranulating forms. In mice with amyloidosis, the relative content of ß1-metachromatic mast cells in the capsule and parenchyma of the liver was by 1.8 and 1.5 times higher than in intact animals, respectively. In mice with amyloidosis receiving dry red wine, the proportions of mast cells with different degrees of metachromasy and degranulation were similar to those in intact mice, but the relative content of ß1-metachromatic mast cells in the liver parenchyma in these animals was by 1.6 times higher than in intact mice. Therefore, mast cells respond to amyloidosis development by changes in both the metachromasy and degranulation degree; dry red wine can be considered as a factor of amyloidosis prevention.

Systemic Amyloidosis Model on Young Mice.

Subcutaneous daily injection (with neglect of aseptics) of 0.5 ml solution of soybean cream substitute (10% volume in distilled water) during 30 days caused systemic amyloidosis in 30-day-old mice. All the known methods for induction of systemic amyloidosis are based on the use of old animals, as senile tissue bradytrophy allows effective simulation of amyloidosis.

Morphofunctional adaptation of rat thymus structures to silicon consumption with drinking water.

Administration of standardized drinking water containing 10 mg/liter silicon for 2 months adlibitum induced structural reorganization of the cortical and medullary layers of the thymiclobules in laboratory rats accompanied by functional activation of monocyte/macrophage cells and antigen-presenting cells was changed in morphological structures of the thymus. A possible mechanism of development of autoimmune processes under the effect of silicon is discussed.

[Parametabolism as Non-Specific Modifier of Supramolecular Interactions in Living Systems].

As it became known recently, in addition to the enzyme (enzymes and/or ribozymes) in living organisms occur a large number of ordinary chemical reactions without the participation of biological catalysts. These reactions are distinguished by low speed and, as a rule, the irreversibility. For example, along with diabetes mellitus, glycation and fructosilation of proteins are observed resulted in posttranslational modification with the low- or nonfunctioning protein formation which is poorly exposed to enzymatic proteolysis and therefore accumulates in the body. In addition, the known processes such as the nonenzymatic carbomoylation, pyridoxylation and thiamiation proteins. There is a reasonable basis to believe that alcoholic injury also realized through parametabolic secondary metabolites synthesis such as acetaldehyde. At the same time, the progress in supramolecular chemistry proves that in biological objects there is another large group ofparametabolic reactions caused by the formation of supramolecular complexes. Obviously, known parameterizes interactions can modify the formation of supramolecular complexes in living objects. These processes are of considerable interest for fundamental biology and fundamental and practical medicine, but they remain unexplored due to a lack of awareness of a wide range of researchers.

[The comparative analysis of various amyloid models].

Considered natural and experimental amyloidosis models in the existing theories context and known amyloidogenesis mechanisms. Available clinical and experimental observations indicate that the opinion of a fatal incurable amyloidosis wrong. It is shown that there is a significant amount of experimental easily replicable amyloidosis models, which may be used for practicing the treatment methods of this pathology. We offer an amyloidosis models classification: natural (animal models with generic amyloidosis), cell clones, artificial (infectious, protein, etc.). Based on the analysis of amyloidosis existing models concluded--none of the accepted in the scientific the theories community for amyloid building does not combine or explains all known facts about the amyloidogenesis mechanisms. It is assumed that there is a proteins group, the beta-sheet structure, which are potentially capable of amyloid conformation building. It is assumed that beta-sheets of these proteins have similar amino acid composition. The condition for the amyloid building conformation is getting too much protein in sufficient quantities in an uncharacteristic place where the ionic strength of the tissue fluid is such that it promotes the amyloid building conformation. It is assumed that an unfortunate amount of ionic strength environment amyloid protein is provided by polysaccharides, tubulins proteins and ionized silicon.

[The influence of alcohol consumption on the chronological patterns of sudden cardiac death].

The objective of the present study was the retrospective analysis of the materials collected by the Republican Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise, Ministry of Health and Social Development of Chuvash Republic, during the period from 1997 till 2002 for the elucidation of the chronological patterns of sudden cardiac death (SCD) associated with alcohol consumption depending on the sex and age of the victims, days of the week and months of the year as well as weather conditions. It was shown that the peak of mortality among men and women taking no alcohol fell on Monday. It was highest in May and decreased by February. The alcohol consumption significantly changes the chronological patterns of mortality from cardiovascular pathology. It was highest among the women abusing alcohol in August and October. The study has demonstrated a weak negative correlation between the frequency of sudden cardiac death among non-consumers of alcohol and dew-point temperature among the persons having alcohol in blood.

Response of glandular organs to experimental macroglossia.

Response of glandular organs to tongue enlargement was studied in 16 outbred male rats; each of them received injections of hydrophobic polyacrylamide gel (0.05 ml) in midline of the tongue. Changes in the studied glandular organs of external secretion (salivary glands) and internal secretion (thyroid and adrenal glands) were morphometrically detected.

[Association of sleep disorders with headache]. / Sviaz' rasstroistv sna s golovnoi bol'iu.

AIM: The aim of the present study was to investigate the connection of sleep disorders (SD) with a headache (HA) among the representative sample of population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 1115 inhabitants of Chuvashia (491 men and 624 women) aged from 18 to 70 years old have been interviewed (middle age 38.7±13.9 years old); respondents under 18 and over 70 years old were not included into the research. There were 690 city residents, and 425 residents of the rural areas. The questionnaire approved earlier in the research of HA, and also the questions directed to identification of SD were used. One-way ANOVA, Chi-square test were used to compare variables of the groups. RESULTS: There were 718 (64.4%) respondents with SD and HA (the main group), 366 (23.8%) with HA without SD (comparative group), 16 (1.4%) with SD without HA, and 15 (1.3%) without SD and HA. The main group of the respondents authentically differed from other groups in older age, a larger number of women and villagers, presence of concomitant diseases in them. In the respondents with SD arose more often, pain had the combined (polymorphic) character, HA were more severe, localized in several areas of the head, but were of smaller duration. Among them there were more people with short sleep duration (<5 hours of night dream) and accepting sedative-hypnotic medications. HA without SD had a pricking character more often; the respondents more often slept in the afternoon, differed in higher level of education, and a rarer occurrence of cases of the increased arterial pressure. CONCLUSION: SD are often connected with HA, with their frequency, expressiveness and localization. Development of SD from HA are influenced by existence of concomitant diseases, age, gender and the place a residence. SD make the current of HA more severe.

[The alcohol effect on natural chronobiological rhythms of suicidal activity in patients supervised by addiction treatment specialists and psychiatrists]. / Vliyanie priema alkogolya na khronobiologicheskie ritmy suitsidal'noi aktivnosti u patsientov, nakhodivshikhsya pod nablyudeniem narkologa i psikhiatra.

AIM: To study the alcohol effect on chronological rhythms of suicidal activity in patients supervised by addiction treatment specialists and psychiatrists. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have analyzed 1094 cases of suicides committed by men who lived in Cheboksary and Novocheboksarsk. The suicide committers were divided into two groups by presence or absence of blood and/or urine alcohol; each group was subdivided into three subgroups: a) mentally healthy suicide committers (MHSC), b) those who were under the supervision of the psychiatrist (PS), c) those who were supervised by addiction treatment specialists (ATS). Chronobiological rhythms were assessed using z-scores, frequency biological rhythms were evaluated with Kolmogorov-Smirnov's test with the Lilliefors correction and rank correlation. The trends of each chronobiological number were computed, the differences of obliquing angle of the trend were evaluated using 2×2 contingency tables (c2 with Mac-Namara's amendment). RESULTS: All suicide committers of the 1st group showed daily rising suicide trend, which had highs in the active wakefulness period. In the 2nd group, the trend did not change in MHSC and ATS, but in PS it significantly changed to descending with two peaks at 6-8:59 and 18-20:59. Upward weekly trend in PS in both groups was almost the same (in the 1st group the obliquing angle of the trend was 19° and in the 2nd group - 21°), the maximum was observed on Saturday and Sunday. In MHSC of the 1st group, the trend was moving downward, and in the 2nd group it was low. Both MHSC and ATS had the maximum on Monday. Annual trend in the 1st group in all samples was low. In the 2nd group, the trend remained low at MHSC and ATS and changed up in PS (16°) with the maximum in November-December. CONCLUSION: Chronobiological characteristics of deaths confirmed by peaks exceeding the average proportion of suicides from 1.5 to 2.5 times were noted in all groups of suicide committers. Alcohol intake significantly changed the suicidal chronobiological rhythm in PS.

[A clinical and psychological study of tobacco dependence in patients with alcoholism]. / Kliniko-psikhologicheskoe issledovanie tabachnoi zavisimosti u bol'nykh alkogolizmom.

AIM: To study the effect of sex- and age-related features, social aspects and progression of alcoholism on tobacco smoking (TS), tobacco dependence (TD) and alcohol dependence (AD) in the Chuvash Republic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Authors questioned 769 inpatients with AD and then performed detailed examination and questioning of 390 patients. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 74.4% patients with AD (82.2% men and 41.6% women) were cigarette smokers. According to the Fagerström's test, 79.2% had Nicotine Dependence (ND), 80.3% smoked more than 10 cigarettes per day. ND was diagnosed much more often in men, TS in them was more intense in comparison with women. There were highly significant correlations between alcoholism progression and TS or TD. Patients with AD had more significant ND compared to total population. They started TS much earlier, more often didn't prefer a particular brand of cigarettes, smoked high pitch cigarettes. Rejuvenation of TS onset with the fast formation of ND and AD is noted.

[Specific features of tuberculosis in the similar biogeochemical subareas of the biosphere in the Chuvash and Sakha (Iakutia) republics]. / Osobennosti tuberkuleza v skhodnykh biogeokhimicheskikh subregionakh biosfery Chuvashskoí respubliki i respubliki Cakha (Iakutia).

The use of biogeochemical zoning of the territories of the Chuvash and Sakha (Yakutia) Republics revealed that due to silicon deficiency in the food biogeochemical chain, the indigenous population had reduced cellular immunity, accumulated residual tuberculous changes leading to higher morbidity, disease aggravation, more frequent complications, high tuberculosis mortality.