Development of photoaffinity derivatives of the antitumor macrolide aplyronine A, a PPI-inducer between actin and tubulin.

The antitumor and actin-depolymerizing marine macrolide aplyronine A (ApA) synergistically binds to tubulin in association with actin, and prevents spindle formation and mitosis. While the crystal structure of the actin ApA complex was solved in 2006, its interaction with the tubulin heterodimer has not been clarified. To investigate the binding modes of ApA as a unique protein-protein interaction (PPI)-inducer between these two cytoskeletal proteins, we prepared its photoaffinity acetylene and fluorescent derivatives with the aid of molecular modeling studies for probe design. Among these three derivatives, the ApA-PPA-TAMRA probe specifically photoreacted with both actin and tubulin in vitro. However, the photolabeling yield of tubulin was quite low (up to ∼1%), and one of the major side-reactions was the addition of a water molecule to the carbene species generated from an aryldiazirine moiety on the hydrophilic surface of actin.