[Measuring methods of volumetric changes of soft tissues at dental implants site and tooth recessions site]. / Metody issledovaniya ob"emnykh izmenenii myagkikh tkanei v oblasti dental'nykh implantatov i retsessii zubov.

The article is a review of literature on various methods for measuring gingival thickness at implant site and tooth recession. The purpose of the study was to analyze existing methods for assessing volumetric changes in soft tissues based on literature data and give recommendations on the choice of methods. The authors analyzed available methods and identified limitations and recommendations for the use of different methods. The literature review is also helpful to identify promising methods for assessing changes in soft tissue volume, which may help authors of future studies with method selection.

[Relative survival and cell adhesion of multipotent mesenchymal cells from primary teeth pulp on the surface membranes and sponges produced from collagen]. / Otnositel'naya vyzhivaemost' i adgeziya mul'tipotentnykh mezenkhimal'nykh kletok iz pul'py molochnykh zubov na poverkhnosti membran i gubok, proizvodimykh iz kollagena.

OBJECTIVE: To study the behavior of SHED cell culture on different types of materials for the regeneration of periodontal tissues with different porosity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Porous collagen material Fibro-Gide (Geitstlich Pharma AG, Switzerland), designed to increase the volume of the gum and the barrier collagen membrane Bio-Gide (Geitstlich Pharma AG, Switzerland) were studied in vitro on SHED cultures. As a control sample, a Spongostan sponge made of gelatin (Johnson & Johnson Medical, UK) with the most pronounced porosity and wettability was used. Acute cytotoxicity was determined using a screening method for assessing the number of living cells in a sample (MTT test). SHED cells were sown on the materials to study the attachment of cells to materials and their migration inside the samples. Before seeding, the cells were stained with vital fluorescent dye PKH26 (red fluorescent cell linker kit, Sigma, Germany) for further visualization. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Using the MTT test it was shown that they do not have cytotoxic effects. At the same time by the 8th day of the experiment in the presence of Fibro-Gide and Bio-Gide the cells showed an increase in proliferative activity by 19% and 12%, respectively compared with the control group. The cells attached and spread out on the surface of the materials and migrated into the thickness of porous Fibro-Gide and Spongostan. CONCLUSION: The in vitro study showed that the most favorable material for SHED cell culture is the collagen material Fibro-Gide with sufficient porosity, elasticity and hydrophilicity. SHED cells attach to the collagen matrix and easily penetrate into the sample, filling the entire internal space, while the proliferative capacity of the cell culture increases.

USE OF VOLUME-STABLE COLLAGEN MATRIX FOR SOFT TISSUE AUGMENTATION AT TEETH AND DENTAL IMPLANTS SITE.

The aim of this clinical report is to demonstrate the capabilities and the results of a porcine collagen matrix application to increase the soft tissue volume in the area of placed implant at 3.1 site and of implant-supported cantilever prosthesis at 3.2 site. The material of the study was a clinical case of the 35-year-old patient with a diagnosis gingival recession and lateral resorption of the tooth root 3.2. It is known from the anamnesis that 2 years ago an injury was received in this area. The first stage was resection of this tooth and its replantation in order to preserve the parameters of the bone and gingiva. After the bone healing, teeth 3.1, 3.2 were removed, an implant was installed in the area of the missing tooth 3.1, bone and soft tissue augmentation in this area were performed. 3 months after the operation, a crown was installed on the implant 3.1 and a cantilever structure in the area 3.2. 12 months after the operation and prosthetics, no mucosal inflammation or apical migration of the gingival margin were found. The thickness of the gingiva in the area of the installed implant is 2.5 mm, which is 1.5 mm more than the initial thickness of the gum. Teeth can be used as a biological matrix to prevent bone atrophy; in order to prevent soft tissue atrophy and bone resorption, providing an inflammation absence, dental implantation should be combined with soft tissue augmentation; use of volume-stable collagen membrane combined with soft tissue graft provides significant increase of soft tissues (gingival increase by 1.5mm at implant site); long-term use of implant-supported cantilever construction at lower jaw incisors site does not lead to gingival recession as long as sufficient bone and soft tissue volume is provided.

[Complications during guided bone regeneration using a membrane based on titanium thread «Titanium silk¼]. / Oslozhneniya pri provedenii napravlennoi kostnoi regeneratsii s primeneniem membrany na osnove titanovoi niti «Titanovyi shelk¼.

BACKGROUND: The titanium based membrane «Titanium silk¼ is widely used in guided bone regeneration (GBR) in the oral cavity, but the literature does not mention possible complications and methods of dealing with them. OBJECTIVE: Improving the treatment of patients in cases of complications during GBR using a membrane based on titanium thread «Titanium silk¼. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 25 patients who applied to the Federal State Institution Central Research Institute of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation underwent an operation of guided bone regeneration in order to create optimal conditions for dental implantation. In the postoperative period, dynamic monitoring of the condition of patients was carried out, where the healing of soft tissues was assessed and, if possible early or late complications were identified, timely measures were taken to combat them. RESULTS: Of the 25 patients in the early postoperative period, in 2 cases, complications were identified, associated with exposure of the membrane, and in one case 4 months after osteoplastic surgery. However, adequate postoperative administration of these conditions allowed us to achieve a positive outcome of the treatment. Only in one case, addition GBR was required. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the complications presented in this study during GBR had a multifactorial causes, depending on local and general factors of the patient. Early identification of complications and adequate postoperative management can lead to a positive final outcome of treatment.

[Increasing the effectiveness of mandibular molars root resection surgery using retrograde endodontic revision]. / Povyshenie éffektivnosti lecheniia patsientov s apikal'nym periodontitom i odontogennymi kistami moliarov nizhnei cheliusti.

The purpose of the present study was to increase the effectiveness of mandibular molars apical root resection surgery. The study included 21 patients with diagnosis 'persistent apical periodontitis', 'root cyst', in 11 cases surgery was performed with less traumatic access with piezoelectric surgery system for separation of cortical bone block and subsequent reposition after resection and retrograde root filling. The planning and procedure was described by 2 clinical cases. Bone block reposition surgical procedure showed clinical effectiveness and was considered as a most acceptable technique of root resection.

Leptin-target neurones of the rat hypothalamus express somatostatin receptors.

Hypothalamic leptinoceptive neurones can be visualized by histochemical demonstration of leptin-induced nuclear translocation of the signalling molecule STAT3. We investigated the relationship of the leptinoceptive neurones to the somatostatin signalling system. With double-labelling immunohistochemistry, we studied the colocalization of leptin-activated transcription factor, STAT3, with somatostatin receptor subtypes, sst1, sst2A, sst2B, sst3 and sst4, or the neuropeptide itself, in the rat hypothalamus. Immunoreactivity for all the entities was widely distributed throughout the entire hypothalamus. Despite the wide distribution, only few cases of colocalization of somatostatin with leptin-activated STAT3 were detected in the paraventricular, arcuate and dorsomedial nuclei. A moderate to high degree of colocalization of nuclear STAT3 and all investigated subtypes of somatostatin receptors was found in the lateral and dorsal hypothalamic areas and in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus. Immunoreactivity for sst1, sst2B and sst4 was present in STAT3-containing nuclei of the paraventricular, periventricular, arcuate and ventromedial hypothalamic neurones, as well as in the retrochiasmatic and posterior hypothalamic areas. Despite the wide distribution of sst2A in the rat hypothalamus, few events of colocalization with leptin-activated STAT3 were observed in the dorsomedial nucleus and in the lateral and dorsal hypothalamic areas only. Many leptin-responsive neurones of the dorsal, lateral, periarcuate, perifornical and posterior hypothalamic areas, as well as in the ventromedial and dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei, displayed sst3 immunoreactivity at their neuronal cilia. These results provide strong anatomical evidence for the direct interaction of leptin and the somatostatin systems in neuroendocrine control loops such as the energy homeostasis, growth or stress response.

Somatostatin, a negative-regulator of central leptin action in the rat hypothalamus.

Leptin-responsive neurons of the hypothalamus constitute a heterogeneous population expressing a vast array of different neuropeptides and neurotransmitters, some of which participate in the regulation of hunger and satiety. Here we report that somatostatin modulates the efficacy of leptin-signalling in the rat hypothalamus. Using a two-pulse paradigm at 30-min intervals, we delivered somatostatin or somatostatin receptor subtype-selective agonists in combination with leptin into the lateral cerebral ventricle of stereotaxically cannulated rats. To monitor the effect of somatostatin on the leptin-signalling pathway, we quantified changes in the leptin-mediated activation of STAT3, the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. Successive administration of somatostatin and leptin diminished the level of STAT3-phosphorylation and nuclear STAT3 translocation in the ventromedial and dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei, the lateral hypothalamic area, and the arcuate nucleus by about 40% compared to leptin administration alone. Furthermore, application of subtype-selective somatostatin receptor agonists suggests that the observed reduction in leptin-responsiveness is predominantly mediated by the sst3 receptor-subtype, followed by sst1 and sst2. In addition, the intensity of the negative-regulatory effect of somatostatin on leptin-signalling displayed regional differences for the three receptor-subtypes involved. Addressing the functional consequences of the diminished leptin-signalling, behavioural analyses showed that centrally applied somatostatin counteracts the leptin-mediated suppression of food intake. These results suggest that the pleiotropic effector somatostatin also plays a role in the central regulation of energy homeostasis.