"You're damned if you do, you're damned if you don't": a qualitative exploration of parent motives for provision of mobile screen devices in early childhood.

BACKGROUND: Exploring parental motives for providing smartphones and tablets to young children is important to better understand ways to optimise healthy use of mobile screens in early childhood. To date, no study has qualitatively examined the factors underpinning parental motives of providing mobile screens to young children, using a theoretically driven approach. METHODS: We conducted 45 in-depth, semi structured online interviews with primary caregivers of toddlers and pre-schoolers from diverse family backgrounds who participated in a large online survey in Australia. Themes were generated from the transcribed interviews using template thematic analysis. The coding was completed deductively using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and data-driven induction. RESULTS: Participants consistently reported a spectrum of attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control aspects which drove their decision to provide or not provide a mobile screen device to their child. Five main descriptive themes were generated, guided by the TPB: (1) Convenience, connection, and non-traditional learning experience; (2) Negative behavioural consequences and potential activity displacement through mobile screens; (3) Influences of society and resources; (4) Managing and achieving a balance; (5) External challenges. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the findings demonstrated that parents experienced cognitive dissonance between their attitudes and behaviour, primarily from perceived behavioural control and subjective norms negating the influence of attitudes on their motives to provide a device. These insights offer important avenues for public health messaging and resources to better involve and support parents in decision-making relating to mobile screens in everyday lives of young children.

Facilitators' teaching and social presence in online asynchronous interprofessional education discussion.

Asynchronous discussion boards have been increasingly used to engage teams of interprofessional learners in interactive and reflective discourse. Facilitation of this interprofessional discourse is critical, yet largely unexplored. The Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework provides a lens through which facilitators' contributions on asynchronous discussion boards can be explored. The aim of this study was to apply the CoI framework teaching and social presence indicators to an online asynchronous IPE facilitation environment to determine if they comprehensively describe the kind of contributions made by IPE facilitators in two types of interprofessional team discussions. Directed content analysis based on the teaching and social presence indicators from the CoI framework was used to analyse seven facilitators' contributions to four asynchronous team discussion points (two key dimensions and two case study discussions). Sixteen of the 31 teaching and social presence indicators, along with a new indicator (feedback on assessment tasks), comprehensively described the facilitators' contributions. Many of the teaching presence indicators were used in a greater proportion of the key dimension discussions than in the case study discussions. This study demonstrates that the teaching and social presence indicators of the CoI framework are a valuable way to describe the contributions made by facilitators to asynchronous interprofessional team discussions.

Interprofessional education and practice guide No. 10: Developing, supporting and sustaining a team of facilitators in online interprofessional education.

Whilst we have seen a growth in the use of information and communication technologies to deliver interprofessional education (IPE) in the last decade, little has been written about facilitating IPE in the online environment. For the last 10 years, the Faculty of Health at Deakin University has offered a fully online IPE course that has consistently employed facilitators to guide interprofessional teams in both asynchronous and synchronous (real-time) online interprofessional learning experiences. This Interprofessional Education and Practice Guide draws on the Deakin University leadership experience in supporting teams of online IPE facilitators over the last decade, underpinned by prior research and key literature. The key lessons provided in this guide aim to assist others in developing, supporting and sustaining a team of online IPE facilitators to guide asynchronous and synchronous online interprofessional learning experiences.

Adverse health events associated with clinical placement: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: Clinical placement is a fundamental aspect of student learning and skill development across healthcare disciplines. However, participation in clinical placements can also present significant risk to students. This systematic literature review sought to examine the range of risks and hazards encountered by students across healthcare disciplines during their clinical placements. DESIGN: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis reporting guidelines were utilised in conducting this exploratory systematic review. DATA SOURCES: The CINAHL Complete, Medline Complete, and PsycINFO databases were searched. Reference lists of eligible records obtained via database searching were screened, and a supplementary key author search was conducted. Research published between 2013 and 2018 and conducted in the context of comparative international healthcare systems was the focus of this study. REVIEW METHODS: Study titles and abstracts were screened, and the full text of potentially relevant records was perused. Records meeting key eligibility criteria by addressing risk posed to students in healthcare disciplines within a clinical placement context were included in the final synthesis. RESULTS: The search identified 46 eligible records. The literature highlighted the worrying trend that students, most notably in the nursing discipline, can be exposed to a wide range of risks and adverse health events during clinical placement. CONCLUSIONS: As risks in unpredictable clinical environments cannot be eradicated, this review demonstrated a critical need for educative action to enable students to competently and confidently manage risks, and to reduce occurrence of adverse health events.