[Relationship between food protein quality and adrenal cortex function. 6. Interrelationship between aminotransferase activity (GPT1, GOT2) and the status of adrenal cortex function]. / Beziehungen zwishen Nahrungsproteinqualität und Nebennierenrindenfunktion. 6. Zu Wechselbezichungen zwischen Aminotransferasenaktivität (GPT1, GOT2) und dem Status der Nebennierenrindenfunktion

Growing male Albino rats were adrenalectomized and then treated with corticosterone in an attempt to determine the activity of amino transferases (GPT and GOT) in the liver and in the mucosa of the small intestine over a period during which the animals received dietary proteins of varying quality. However, statistically significant differences in the enzyme activity were established for only those groups in which the animals exhibited differences in the functional state of the adrenal cortex. Differences due to changes in the quality of the dietary protein were not observed. From this was concluded that the activity of the amino transferases in the tissues is largely dependent on the action of corticosteroids.

[Relationship between the quality of dietary proteins and the functional status of the adrenal cortex. Variations in the content of transcortion, free corticosterone and total corticosterone in the blood plasma of rats fed with proteins of various quality]. / Beziehungen zwischen Nahrungsproteinqualität und Nebennierenrindenfunktion. 4. Mitteilung. Die Veränderungen des Gehaltes von Transkortin, freiem Kortikosteron und Gesamtkortikosteron im Blutplasma von Ratten bei Ernährung mit Protein unterschiedlicher Qualität

Growing male Wistar rats were used to test in which way variations in the quality of dietary proteins (10% absorbable crude protein; casein supplemented with 4% methionine (K); casein/gelatine (1 : 3); maize gluten supplemented with 4 amino acids; and maize gluten) influenced the binding capacity of blood plasma for corticosterone, and the concentration of corticosteroid-binding globulin ("CBG"), total corticosterone, free corticosterone and albumin-bound corticosterone in blood plasma. The binding capacity of the blood plasma for corticosterone and the total concentration of corticosterone, CBG, free corticosterone and albumin-bound corticosterone were found to rise with the improving quality of the dietary proteins (r = 0.830). A close correlation was found to exist between the concentration of total corticosterone in the blood plasma and CBG. Increases in the total concentration of corticosterone in blood plasma are, in 84% of all cases, brought about by increases in CBG concentrations. In conclusion, reference is made to the significance which such results may have for the control of regulatory processes.

[Relationship between the quality of dietary proteins and the functional status of the adrenal cortex. 5. Content of corticosterone and cortisol in the liver and in the mucosa of the small intestine of rats fed with proteins of various quality (estimation of binding capacity for corticosteroids)]. / Beziehungen zwischen Nahrungsproteinqualität und Nebennierenrindenfunktion. 5. Mitteilung. Kortikosteron- und Kortisolgehalt in Leber- und Dünndarmmukosa von Ratten bei Ernährung mit Protein unterschiedlicher Qualität (Zur Abschätzung der Kortikosteroidbindungskapazität)

Relationships between the Quality of Dietary Proteins and the Functional State of the Adrenal Cortex. (5) Content of Corticosterone and Cortisol in the Liver and in the Mucosa of the Small Intestine of Rats Fed Proteins of Varying Quality (Estimation of the Binding Capacity for Corticosteroids). Growing male Wistar rats were used to investigate in which way the quality of dietary proteins (maize gluten and maize gluten supplemented with amino acids) influenced the content of corticosteroids in the liver and in the mucosa of the small intestine of untreated rats (N), adrenalectomized animals (AE) and animals treated with corticosteroids (N + S). In AE animals the content of corticosteroids in the tissues was very low. In N + S animals of both dietary groups the mucosa of the small intestine contained more corticosteroids than the liver; the content of corticosteroids in the mucosa, however, was also found to vary in dependence upon the diet fed. The mucosa of N + S animals receiving dietary proteins of high quality contained more corticosteroids; this indicates a higher binding capacity of the mucosa for corticosteroids.

[Interrelationship between the quality of dietary protein and the function of the adrenal cortex. 3. Reactivity of the adrenal cortex and ACTH content of the pituitary gland of rats fed with proteins of various quality]. / Beziehungen zwischen Nahrungsproteinqualität und Nebennierenrindenfunktion 3. Mitteilung Zur Reaktivität der Nebenneirenrinde und zum ACTH-Gehalt der Hypophyse von Ratten bei Ernährung mit Protein unterschiedlicher Qualtität

Trials were performed investigating the reactivity of the adrenals and the ACTH content of the pituitary gland in rats fed proteins of varying quality. A positive correlation was found to exist between the relative weight of the adrenals and the rate of body weight increases as well as between the weight of the pituitary gland and the rate of body weight gains. In either case this process was found to be primarily dependent on the quality of the dietary protein. It was shown that the quality of the dietary protein did not affect the in vitro reactivity of the adrenal glands. The ACTH content of the pituitary gland( determined on the basis of 100 mg of pituitary tissue) did not change considerably.

[Secretion of growth hormone in pigs]. / Zur Sekretion von Wachstumshorman (STH) beim Schwein.

Spontaneous rhythmic changes of growth hormone concentration were observed in plasma of pigs, ranging between 30 and more than 100% as compared to the initial values. These rhythmic changes should be considered when plasma GH is determined.

Radioimmunoassay of porcine growth hormone -- methodological studies.

A double antibody radioimmunoassay for immunoreactive growth hormone in porcine plasma has been evaluated on the basis of dilution and recovery experiments as well as by examination of accuracy and reproducibility. The sensitivity was better than 0.10 ng/ml. The cumulated within-assay coefficient of variation was between 2--4% and the cumulated between-assay coefficient of variation was 9.6%. The normal fasting values correspond well to those of other investigators.

[Quantitative changes in glucocorticoid binding capacity of blood plasma, liver and small intestine mucosa following consumption of various dietary proteins]. / Quantitative Veränderungen der Glukokortikoidbindungskapazität in Blutplasma, Leber und Dünndarmmukosa nach Ernährung mit unterschiedlichen Nahrungsproteinen.

Studies on corticosteroid binding proteins in blood plasma, cytoplasm, and nuclei of cells from liver and mucosa of the small intestine of growing rats were carried out under the influence of different protein diets. Increasing protein quality induced higher growth rates and an increase of the glucocorticoid binding capacity as well as the concentration of total and free corticosterone in blood plasma and increasing contents of specific corticosteroid binding receptors in the cytoplasm and nuclei of cells from liver and mucosa of the small intestine. In the cytoplasm the bound fraction takes only 5 to 10% of the total hormone concentration, compared to 80 to 90% in blood plasma. These findings suggest that the changes in the concentration of specific hormone binding proteins may be a general principle of the effect of dietary protein in the regulation of metabolism.

[Pituitary growth hormone content in swine]. / Zum Gehalt von Wachstumshormon (STH) in Hypophysen von Schweinen.

The growth hormone content in the adenohypophysis in different lines of swine was determined by radioimmunoassay. The result indicates that animals of an obese type (Vietnamesisches Hángebauchschwein) show a significantly lower growth hormone content (154.9 +/- 34.3 microgram gh/mg protein) than animals of a lean type (Landrasse) (238.0 +/- 58.2 microgram GH/mg protein).

[Studies on endocrine and spermatogenic testicular function. 5. Relationship between dietary protein quality and blood plasma levels of free and bound testosterone in adult rats]. / Untersuchungen zur endokrinen und spermiogenen Hodenfunktion 5. Mitteilung: Zu Beziehungen zwischen Nahrungsproteinqualität und Blutplasmagehalt an freiem und gebundenem Testosteron bei adulten Ratten

The blood plasma content of testosterone-linking globulins, free testosterone, and total testosterone in 80 adult Wistar rats which received different qualities of feed proteins was determined by means of balancing dialysis and ultracentrifugation, using 3H-testosterone. The first group received casein with four per cent methionine added, the second maize gluten complement with amino acid, and the third casein with methionine and gelatin in a 2:3 ratio, while the fourth group was fed pure maize gluten diet. (Biological valence declined in the given order.) Assays of 100 ml blood plasma of each animal in the first and second groups gave 0.9 mug of testosterone-linking globulins (0.18 mug in third and fourth groups), about 9.0 mug total testosterone (2.5 mug in third and fourth groups), and some 1.4 mug free testosterone (0.55 mug in third and fourth groups). Discussed in this paper is the possible mechanism of regulation by which feed protein quality leads to variation of free testosterone levels in the blood plasma.

Growth hormone, cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate and creatinine in relation to growth in the pig.

28 male castrated pigs of the Land race, aged 90 to 110 days and of different growth were used as animal models. The parameters investigated were as follows: body weight at the time of investigation, density of carcass, creatinine excretion per 24 hours, glucose concentration in whole blood, the concentration of free fatty acids, growth hormone, fluorescence positive corticosteroids, cAMP and insulin in the blood plasma. The results show that there exists an obvious relation between the growth hormone concentration and growth progress in the pig, but it can be revealed only through an integrated growth hormone concentration. That is why the conclusion seems to be justified that the corticosteroid concentration in plasma, an integrated growth hormone concentration in plasma, the cAMP concentration in plasma and the amount of creatinine in urine within 24 hours are parameters which are related to the intensity and quality of growth in the pig.

[Isolation of growth hormone from swine hypophysis]. / Isolierung von Wachstumshormon aus Schweinehypophysen.

The present work describes a procedure for the isolation of a highly purified growth hormone from fresh-frozen porcine pituitary glands. With regard to the similarity of the primary structure and the physicochemical behaviour between the hormone molecules of canine and porcine it was possible to use a method for the isolation of the growth hormone from canine pituitaries according to a direction of Wilhelmi, carried out by a partially modified technique. The concentration and further purification was performed by a fractionation with ammonium sulfate and ion-exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethylcellulose. Porcine growth hormone was obtained in a yield of 1,43 mg per g fresh weight of glands. With the aid of a double antibody radioimmunoassay for porcine growth hormone 0,78 mg hormone per 1 mg of the purified product could be determined. The disc-gel electrophoretic patterns contained besides the typical double band of growth hormone no mark of any other protein component.

[Hyaluronidase release in bull sperm--influence of media and temperature]. / Hyaluronidasefreisetzung bei Bullenspermien--Medien- und Temperatureinflüsse.

Studies were conducted into behaviours of total and extracellular hyaluronidase activities of bull semen under selected incubation phenomena. Particular attention was given to effects generated by media of high and physiological ion strengths (385 mosm and 305 mosm), in vitro capacitation treatment, and effects of various washing techniques as well as incubation temperatures. Total hyaluronidase activity was clearly lowered in washed ejaculate sperms, as compared to original sperm, with extracellular enzyme activity, however, being unchanged. Hyaluronidase activity was also lower in deep-frozen sperm. Increase in extracellular and total hyaluronidase activity was at its highest under the impact of cattle serum albumin and with a defined temperature-time regime (four hours of comparative incubation in a medium of physiological ion strength at 35 degrees C, 37 degrees C, 39 degrees C, 41 degrees C, and 45 degrees C). Release of hyaluronidase was most clearly inducible after pretreatment in medium of physiological ion strength and by four hours of incubation at 39 degrees C. The preliminary conclusion is that the values so far recorded appeared to reflect some superimposition of physiological and degenerative processes which could not be distinguished from each other under the experimental conditions chosen for the studies.