[The duration of orthodontic treatment and the number of visits depending on the degree of difficulty when using modern orthodontic equipment]. / Prodolzhitel'nost' ortodonticheskogo lecheniya i kolichestvo poseshchenii v zavisimosti ot stepeni ego trudnosti pri ispol'zovanii sovremennoi ortodonticheskoi apparatury.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to analyze the estimated and actual duration of treatment and the number of visits to the orthodontist by patients using modern orthodontic equipment. Analysis of the duration of orthodontic treatment of patients with varying degrees of difficulty and comparison of the estimated and actually spent time for its implementation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 308 medical records of patients who underwent orthodontic treatment were analyzed. According to the Siebert - Malygin method, the degree of difficulty of treatment, its duration, the number of necessary visits were calculated and the data obtained were compared with the actual time spent on correcting dental and occlusion anomalies and the number of visits by the patient to the orthodontist. RESULTS: The results of treatment of 308 patients who underwent orthodontic treatment with modern non-removable equipment (braces) are analyzed in the clinic of LLC «Prime dentistry¼ in Ryazan. Before starting treatment, the preliminary treatment time was calculated using the method of determining the difficulty of orthodontic treatment of Siebert - Malygin. The calculation of the degree of difficulty of treatment, its duration, and the number of necessary visits was carried out. The data obtained were compared with the actual time spent on correction of dental and occlusion anomalies and the number of visits by the patient to an orthodontist. It was found that, despite the use of modern equipment, the treatment time practically does not decrease, but the number of visits to achieve the desired result is significantly reduced. Coefficients have been calculated to clarify the required number of visits to the orthodontist. In the treatment of anomalies in the position of teeth (APD), it is 0.77, APD, combined with distal occlusion - 0.79 deep - 0.78, open - 0.66 and mesial - 0.69. CONCLUSION: The use of modern orthodontic equipment reduces the number of patient visits to the doctor, which saves time, reduces labor costs and allows you to provide the necessary assistance to more people in need. The coefficients calculated during the study to determine the required number of visits to an orthodontist by a patient, depending on the existing orthodontic pathology, make it possible to predict the treatment time with greater accuracy when using the Siebert - Malygin method. This is very relevant when planning upcoming manipulations and to more accurately justify the cost of treatment depending on the required time and number of visits to eliminate APS.

[Some aspects of the organization and analysis of the performance of the orthodontic service in Ryazan and the Ryazan region]. / Nekotorye aspekty organizatsii i analiz pokazatelei ortodonticheskoi pomoshchi v Ryazani i Ryazanskoi oblasti.

OBJECTIVE: Conducting a retrospective analysis of the indicators of orthodontic care provided in Ryazan and the Ryazan region from 1999 to 2017. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the study, institutions providing orthodontic care were divided into three levels of dental organizations. Level 1 medical care centers provide assistance to residents of districts of the region, the results of the work of clinics located in 2 districts of the region were analyzed for the period since 2005 to 2017. Level 2 StMO includes state dental clinics and private dental clinics in the city of Ryazan, where you can get orthodontic care. The work of state structures was analyzed from 1999 to 2011 with a step of 3 years, from 2011 to 2017. - yearly. Level 3 SMEs include specialized departments of universities, where only consultative and diagnostic assistance is provided. An analysis was made of the orthodontic pathology with which the patients treated, as well as an analysis of the orthodontic equipment used for treatment during the study period. RESULTS: The prevalence of AFA among the child population of the region's districts is at the level of 80.10±0.68%, fixed equipment is used 3 times more often in level 1 SMO than in level 2 SMI, and removable equipment is used only 10-20% less often. in the SMC and levels 1 and 2, the main part of the contingent is the child population (97.7-99.1% and 67.82-0.63%, respectively), but in the region for this type of assistance, the appealability among patients over 18 years of age is 10% less than in the city. CONCLUSION: The data obtained indicate the need for changes in the structure of orthodontic care. It is required to allocate at least 2 rates of an orthodontist in each district to provide assistance to the population living in the Ryazan region.

[The quality of life of patients after orthodontic treatment depending on the use of different types of retention appliances]. / Kachestvo zhizni patsientov posle ortodonticheskogo lecheniya v zavisimosti ot ispol'zovaniya razlichnykh vidov retentsionnykh apparatov.

AIM: To assess the impact of the type of retention device on the quality of life of orthodontic patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 311 patients were divided into four groups according to age. At the end of active orthodontic treatment, retainers were installed. After 6 months, a questionnaire was conducted using the standard OHIP-14 questionnaire in order to identify the attitude to the equipment used, the presence or absence of relapses and satisfaction with the state of the dental system. RESULTS: The number of relapses in all groups is approximately at the same level, which indicates almost equal opportunities for retainers to retain the achieved result. There is no correlation between the convenience of using a particular type of retainer and the willingness to do so. CONCLUSION: The motivation of patients to use removable or non-removable retention devices to a certain extent depends not only on the type of retainer, but also on the age at which the treatment was performed.

[Determination of antibacterial activity of chitosan].

A method for the determination of the antimicrobial activity of chitosan with the use of organic salts for the production of pH in the range of 5.5-8.2 was studied. The double-dilution method demonstrated the effectiveness of the determination of the antimicrobial activity of chitosan samples with different molecular weights and solubilities. It was found that the antibacterial activity of chitosan samples with different molecular weights and solubilities. It was found that the antibacterial activity increased at low pH values with increasing molecular weight, but chitosan with a molecular weight of 5-6 kDa showed higher activity at neutral and slightly alkaline pH levels. Determination of the antimicrobial activity of various chitosan samples at different pH values allowed a more reliable assessment of the potential biological activity of chitosan.

[Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activity of oligochitosans against Klebsiella pneumoniae].

Antibacterial activity of chitosan with different molecular weight at different pH values against gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae was studied. It was found that the dependence of inhibition activity of chitosan on its molecular weight was inversed when the medium pH was increased above 7.0. In acidic media higher molecular weight chitosan had the higher antibacterial activity was occured while and in weak alkaline media oligomeric forms of chitosan displayed the inhibition effect only. Our results showed that the antibacterial activity of chitosan against Klebsiella pneumoniae was closely connected with its polycationic nature, and was dependent on the degree of protonation of chitosan amino groups, which at the same time depended on the degree of polymerization and solution pH values.

Burn-healing effects of a composition containing chitosan gel and a blood serum bioregulator.

We studied the effect of combined preparation on the basis of chitosan containing a bioregulator isolated from cattle serum in a concentration of 10(-10) mg/ml on healing of II-IIIa degree skin burns in mammals in vivo.

Effect of a composition containing chitosan gel and a bioregulator from blood serum on healing of purulent wounds in mice.

We studied the effect of combined preparation on the basis of chitosan containing a bioregulator isolated from cattle serum in a concentration of 10(-10) mg/ml on healing of purulent wounds in mammals in vivo.

Thermodynamic insight into the thermoresponsive behavior of chitosan in aqueous solutions: A differential scanning calorimetry study.

Thermoresponsivity of chitosan induced by ß-glycerophosphate (GP) in diluted aqueous solutions has been first studied by high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry. It has been found that the GP solutions of chitosan undergo a first-order phase transition upon heating. The onset of this transition coincides with the cloud point of the system. This allows one to identify the thermoresponsivity of chitosan as a macroscopic demonstration of the phase separation transition. The transition temperature, enthalpy, heat capacity increment, and width were determined as functions of GP and chitosan concentrations, and the dielectric constant of the solvent. Based on this data, we suggested that GP binds cooperatively to the chitosan matrix at low temperatures. The standard free energy of GP binding (Δbgint= -6 ±â€¯1 kJ mol-1) was estimated from the DSC data. It was shown that the Okada-Tanaka model of cooperative hydration of polymers adequately describes the thermogram of the GP induced phase transition of chitosan.

[Anticoagulant activity of low-molecular-weight sulfated derivatives of galactomannan from Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) seeds].

Galactomannan from seeds of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. (guar) was depolymerized using immobilized enzymatic preparation celloviridin. A set of fragments whose molecular weights varied from 12.6 to 245.6 kDa was obtained. Sulfated derivatives of components of all fractions were synthesized, in which the content of HSO3(-) groups was 48.05% +/- 2.31. All preparations exhibited anticoagulant activity, which was recorded in vitro in two tests--aIIa and aXa. The antithrombin activity (aIIa) was high (up to 65-87 U/mg) and did not depend on the molecular weight of a sulfated derivative; in the second test (aXa), the effect of molecular weight was observed. Biospecific electrophoresis allowed us to detect the ability of galactomannan sulfates to form complexes with protamine sulfate, a classic antidote to heparin.

[New liposomal forms of antifungal antibiotics, modified by amphiphilic polymers].

A method has been developed, for incorporating macrocyclic polyene antibiotics nistatin and amphotericin B into liposomes containing phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol (7:3) or phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and cardiolipin (7:3:1), the membranes of which were modified with an amphiphilic polymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone, carrying one terminal n-octadecyl group and having a molecular weight of 4000 Da. The amount of antibiotics within such liposomal nanocarriers may be as high as 17-22%. It was demonstrated that the modified liposomes have sizes in the range 150-200 nm and exhibit increased long-term storage stability and increased resistance to disrupting agents (Triton X-100 or ethanol) and ultrasound. The antifungal activity of the liposomal preparations obtained exceeded that of the antibiotics not subjected to immobilization.

[Extracellular proteinases and chitinases, produced by a Streptomyces kurssanovii culture]. / Vnekletochnye proteinaza i khitinaza, produtsiruemye kul'turoi Streptomyces kurssanovii.

Extracellular enzymes--a chitinase and a protease with molecular weights 22 and 32 kDa, respectively--were isolated from Streptomyces kurssanovii cells. After purification on modified regenerated chitin, the enzymes were virtually homogeneous according to denaturing PAGE. Both enzymes were found to degrade chitosan.

One-step isolation of a chitinase by affinity chromatography of the chitinolytic enzyme complex produced by Streptomyces kurssanovii.

One of the four chitinases with a molecular mass of 42 kDa existing in the chitinolytic enzyme complex produced by Streptomyces kurssanovii was separated in homogeneous form using one-step affinity chromatography on cross-linked and phosphorylated chitin-type sorbents. Three other chitinases were not selectively bound by the sorbents and were not obtained in homogeneous form. The affinity sorbents were shown to be stable over the time of separation and could be used repeatedly.

Chitinolytic digestibility of cross-linked chitosan gels by an enzyme complex from Streptomyces kurssanovii.

The action of a microbial chitinolytic enzyme complex from Streptomyces kurssanovii on chitosan gels with various degrees of cross-linking and on the O-derivatives of the gels was examined. The rate of digestion of the gels was shown to depend on the degree of cross-linking as well as on the size of the O-substituent, decreasing greatly with a rise in substitution.

Preparation of affinity sorbents and isolation of individual chitinases from a crude supernatant produced by Streptomyces kurssanovii by a one-step affinity-chromatographic system.

The preparation of two affinity-chromatography sorbents based on cross-linked chitin are described. Both sorbents retained selectively one of the four extracellular chitinases in the culture supernatant produced by Streptomyces kurssanovii. Chitinases with molecular masses of 42 kDa and 26 kDa were isolated in homogeneous form using one-step affinity-chromatography procedures involving either a fully N-acetylated or a partially N-acetylated cross-linked chitin-type sorbent. Two other chitinases were not selectively bound by the sorbents and, therefore, were not isolated in a homogeneous form. The affinity sorbents were shown to be stable over the period of separation and could be used repeatedly.