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1.
J Dent Educ ; 83(1): 72-78, 2019 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30600252

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to assess the initial levels of moral reasoning among four cohorts of dental students in the first semester of their first year of study. All 332 students at one U.S. dental school were invited to take the Defining Issues Test 2 (DIT2) during the first semester of their first year while enrolled in a mandatory ethics course in 2015-18. Students' mean scores on the DIT2 subscales were compared to their gender, underrepresented minority (URM) status, citizenship, English as primary language, and single status. The four subscales were personal interests (PI), in which self-motivated interests are the main focus; maintaining norms (MN), which takes into consideration what is expected from society; post-conventional (PC), which upholds ethical principles that promote the good of society; and N2 index, which indicates one's ability to discriminate between lower stage and higher stage items. A total of 245 students participated (74% response rate). The results showed no differences between gender, URM status, citizenship, or English as primary language and any of the DIT2 subscales. Single participants scored significantly higher on the PC and N2 subscales and significantly lower on the MN subscale. There was a significant correlation between humanitarian liberalism (HL) and all four subscales. Religious (Christian) orthodoxy (RO) was significantly correlated with MN, PC, and N2. The DIT2 subscale scores were not impacted by various exploratory variables, with the exception of relationship status, which had significantly higher MN and N2 scores. Participants with higher scores on HL and RO had higher moral reasoning scores, and females had higher levels of moral reasoning than males on their PC and N2 scores. These findings have implications for implementing educational activities that may help develop students' moral reasoning abilities over the course of dental school.


Assuntos
Sucesso Acadêmico , Avaliação Educacional/métodos , Ética Odontológica/educação , Princípios Morais , Estudantes de Odontologia/psicologia , Pensamento , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem
2.
J Dent Educ ; 83(3): 296-302, 2019 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30692192

RESUMO

The aim of this replication study was to determine if prior findings at one U.S. dental school about dental students' comfort discussing and perceptions of the relevance of 15 risk behaviors to adolescent patient oral health care would be observed at other institutions. All first- and fourth-year dental students (n=414) at three U.S. dental schools in fall 2017 were invited to participate, and 218 completed the survey (52.7% response rate). These students reported feeling comfortable to uncomfortable discussing risk behaviors with adolescent patients, yet perceived those risk behaviors as relevant to their oral health. There were significant differences in student comfort discussing risk behaviors with adolescents and their perceptions of relevance by gender, age, class status, and school location. Males were more comfortable than females discussing oral health risk behaviors. There were no significant differences by race/ethnicity. Fourth-year students had higher levels of comfort discussing risk behaviors than first-year students. Compared to students in the South and Midwest schools, students at the West school were more comfortable discussing selected topics and had higher perceptions of their relevance to adolescent oral health care. These results suggest there is room for improvement in this area of dental education. Dental schools should aim to strengthen students' knowledge of and comfort in discussing oral health risk behaviors with adolescent patients with the use of educational activities and clinical experiences.


Assuntos
Competência Clínica , Psicologia do Adolescente/educação , Assunção de Riscos , Estudantes de Odontologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Competência Clínica/estatística & dados numéricos , Comunicação , Relações Dentista-Paciente , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
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