The Effect of Unilateral Spinal Anaesthesia and Psoas Compartment with Sciatic Block on the Postoperative Pain Management in Total Knee Artroplastic Surgery.

Purpose. This study was designed to investigate the effects of peripheral nerve block methods, applied through unilateral spinal anaesthesia on elderly patients to undergo total knee arthroplasty, on perioperative hemodynamic parameters and postoperative analgesia period. Materials and Method. 60 patients were randomly divided into two groups in the study. In group USA spinal anaesthesia was performed. In group PCS it was applied on psoas compartment block and sciatic nerve block. Results. Significantly higher intraoperative 60th and 90th minute mean arterial pressure values were ascertained in the PCS group compared to the USA group. The decrease observed in the 5th, 10th, and 20th minute MAP values in the USA group was statistically significant according to the control MAP value. Concerning within group comparisons, the decrease in 5th, 10th, and 20th minute heart rate values in the USA group was statistically significant compared with the control measurement value. The mean beginning time of sensory and motor blocks in the PCS group was found to be at a significantly advanced level compared with that in the USA group. Conclusions. The PCS block technique using bupivacaine hydrochloride ensured a higher haemodynamic efficiency in the perioperative period in high-risk elderly patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03021421.

[Tourniquet-induced ischaemia-reperfusion injury: the comparison of antioxidative effects of small-dose propofol and ketamine]. / Lesão de isquemia­reperfusão induzida por torniquete: comparação dos efeitos antioxidantes de propofol e cetamina em doses baixas.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to investigate the preventive effects of propofol and ketamine as small dose sedation during spinal anesthesia on tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS: 30 patients were randomly assigned into two groups of 15 patients. In the propofol group, sedation was performed with propofol 0.2mg.kg-1 followed by infusion at a rate of 2mg.kg-1.h-1. In the ketamine group, a continuous infusion of ketamine 0.5mg.kg-1.h-1 was used until the end of surgery. Intravenous administration of midazolam was not used in any patients. Ramsay sedation scale was used for assessing the sedation level. Venous blood samples were obtained before propofol and ketamine infusion (T1), at 30minutes (min) of tourniquet ischemia (T2), and 5min after tourniquet deflation (T3) for malondialdehyde (MDA) measurements. RESULTS: No differences were noted between the groups in hemodynamic (p>0.05) and demographic data (p>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of T1, T2 and T3 periods (p>0.05). There was a statistically increase observed in MDA values respectively both in Group P and Group K between the reperfusion period (1.95±0.59, 2.31±0.48) and pre-ischemia (1.41±0.38, 1.54±0.45), and ischemia (1.76±0.70, 1.71±0.38) (µmoL-1) periods (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Small-dose propofol and ketamine has similar potential to reduce the oxidative stress caused by tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion injury in patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery under spinal anesthesia.

Tourniquet-induced ischaemia-reperfusion injury: the comparison of antioxidative effects of small-dose propofol and ketamine / Lesão de isquemia-reperfusão induzida por torniquete: comparação dos efeitos antioxidantes de propofol e cetamina em doses baixas

Abstract Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the preventive effects of propofol and ketamine as small dose sedation during spinal anaesthesia on tourniquet-induced ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Methods: 30 patients were randomly assigned into two groups of 15 patients. In the propofol group, sedation was performed with propofol 0.2 mg·kg-1 followed by infusion at a rate of 2 mg·kg-1·h-1. In the ketamine group, a continuous infusion of ketamine 0.5 mg·kg-1·h-1 was used until the end of surgery. Intravenous administration of midazolam was not used in any patients. Ramsay sedation scale was used for assessing the sedation level. Venous blood samples were obtained before propofol and ketamine infusion (T1), at 30 minutes (min) of tourniquet ischaemia (T2), and 5 min after tourniquet deflation (T3) for malondialdehyde (MDA) measurements. Results: No differences were noted between the groups in haemodynamic (p > 0.05) and demographic data (p > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of T1, T2 and T3 periods (p > 0.05). There was a statistically increase observed in MDA values respectively both in Group P and Group K between the reperfusion period (1.95 ± 0.59, 2.31 ± 0.48) and pre-ischaemia (1.41 ± 0.38, 1.54 ± 0.45), and ischaemia (1.76 ± 0.70, 1.71 ± 0.38) (µmoL-1) periods (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Small-dose propofol and ketamine has similar potential to reduce the oxidative stress caused by tourniquet-induced ischaemia-reperfusion injury in patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery under spinal anaesthesia.

Resumo Objetivos: O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar os efeitos preventivos de propofol e cetamina em sedação com doses baixas durante a raquianestesia sobre lesão de isquemia-reperfusão induzida por torniquete. Métodos: 30 pacientes foram randomicamente alocados em dois grupos de 15 pacientes cada. No grupo propofol, a sedação foi feita com 0,2 mg.kg-1 de propofol seguida por infusão a uma taxa de 2 mg.kg-1.h-1. No grupo cetamina, uma infusão contínua de 0,5 mg.kg-1.h-1 de cetamina foi usada até o final da cirurgia. Midazolam intravenoso não foi administrado em nenhum dos pacientes. A Escala de Sedação de Ramsay (ESR) foi usada para avaliar o nível de sedação. Amostras de sangue venoso foram colhidas antes da administração de propofol e infusão de cetamina (T1), aos 30 minutos (min) de isquemia do torniquete (T2) e 5 min após a desinsuflação do torniquete (T3), para medir os valores de malondialdeído (MDA). Resultados: Não observamos diferenças entre os grupos em relação à hemodinâmica (p > 0,05) e dados demográficos (p > 0,05). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os dois grupos nos períodos T1, T2 e T3 (p > 0,05). Um aumento estatisticamente significativo foi observado nos valores de MDA, respectivamente, no Grupo P e Grupo C entre os períodos de reperfusão (1,95 ± 0,59, 2,31 ± 0,48) e pré-isquemia (1,41 ± 0,38, 1,54 ± 0,45) e isquemia (1,76 ± 0,70, 1,71 ± 0,38) (µmoL-1) (p < 0,05). Conclusões: Propofol e cetamina em doses baixas apresentam potencial semelhante para reduzir o estresse oxidativo causado pela lesão de isquemia-reperfusão induzida por torniquete em pacientes submetidos à artroscopia de joelho sob raquianestesia.