Facilitating Proton Coupled Electron Transfer Reaction through the Interfacial Micro Electric Field with Fe─N4 ─C in FeMOFs Glass.

The proton-coupled electron transfer(PCET) reaction plays a crucial role in the chemical transformation process andhas become one of the most concerned elementary reactions. However, the complex kinetics of PCET reaction, which requires the simultaneous transfer of protons and electrons, leads to the dilemma that thermodynamics and kinetics cannot bebalanced and restricts its further development. In this, an interface micro-electric field (IMEF) basedon Fe─N4 in FeMOFs (Fe-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks) glass is designed tosynchronize proton/electron interface behavior for the first time to realizeefficient PCET reaction and optimize reaction thermodynamics and kinetics. The IMEF facilitates the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, and accelerates Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycle. Driven by near-surface electric field force, the protons near surfacemigrate to Fe sites and participate in Fe(IV)═O formation and reaction, lowering the reaction energy barrier. Based on the interface regulation ofIMEF, a high-efficiency PCET reaction is realized, and kinetic reactionrate constant of photocatalytic oxidation of emerging contaminants is increasedby 3.7 times. This study highlights a strategy for IMEFs to modulate PEC Treactions for a wide range of potential applications, including environmental and ecological applications.

Comparative study of Fe2+/H2O2 and Fe2+/persulfate systems on the pre-treatment process of real pharmaceutical wastewater.

Advanced oxidation technologies based on hydroxyl radical (•OH) and sulfate radical (SO4-•) are two common types of advanced oxidation technologies, but there are not many reports on the application of advanced oxidation methods in actual wastewater pretreatment. This article compares the pre-treatment performance of Fe2+/H2O2 and Fe2+/Persulfate systems in actual pharmaceutical wastewater, and combines EEM, GC-MS, and toxicity testing results to explore the differences in TOC, COD, and NH3-N removal rates, optimal catalyst dosage, applicable pH range, toxicity of effluent after reaction, and pollutant structure between the two systems. The results indicate that the Fe2+/H2O2 system has a higher pollutant removal rate (TOC: 71.9%, COD: 66.9%, NH3-N: 34.1%), but also requires a higher catalyst (Fe2+) concentration (6.0 g/L), and its effluent exhibits characteristic peaks of aromatic proteins. The Fe2+/Persulfate system has a wider pH range (pH ≈ 3-7) and is more advantageous in treating wastewater containing more cyclic organic compounds, but the effluent contains some sulfur-containing compounds. In addition, toxicity tests have shown that the toxicity reduction effect of the Fe2+/Persulfate system is stronger than that of the Fe2+/H2O2 system.

Denitrification efficiency, microbial communities and metabolic mechanisms of corn cob hydrolysate as denitrifying carbon source.

In this study, the denitrification efficacy of corn cob hydrolysate (CCH) was compared and analyzed with that of glucose and acetate to determine its feasibility as an additional carbon source, and its metabolic mechanism as a denitrification carbon source was investigated in depth. By constructing a denitrification reactor, it was found that the TN removal rate exceeded 97% and the effluent COD remained below 70 mg/L during the stable operation with CCH as the carbon source, and the denitrification effect was comparable to that of the glucose stage (GS) and the acetate stage (AS). The analysis of the microbial community showed that the dominant phylum was Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota, where the abundance of Bacteroidota in the hydrolysate stage (HS) (24.37%) was significantly higher than that of GS (4.89%) and AS (11.93%). And the analysis at the genus level showed the presence of a large number of genera of organic matter hydrolysis and acid production in HS that were almost absent in other stages, such as Paludibacter (12.83%), Gracilibacteria (4.27%), f__Prolixibacteraceae_Unclassified (2.94%). In addition, the higher fatty acid metabolism and lower sugar metabolism of HS during carbon metabolism were similar to the ratio of AS, suggesting that CCH was mainly fermented to acids and then involved in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. During nitrogen metabolism, the high relative abundance of narG, nirS, and nosZ ensured the denitrification process. The results of this study were expected to provide a theoretical basis and data support for promoting denitrification from novel carbon sources.

Efficient Shaping of Cellulose Nanocrystals Based on Allomorphic Modification: Understanding the Correlation between Morphology and Allomorphs.

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are green, safe, and renewable nanomaterials with a variety of excellent performances but their morphologies are notoriously difficult to control as this is unfavorable to the diversification of the end products. Allomorphic conversion plays an important role in diversifying the morphology of CNC. However, this further complicates the prediction, design, and control of the geometric dimensions of CNC. Herein, allomorphically modified cellulose (mercerized cellulose, ethylenediamine (EDA)-treated cellulose, and ball-milled cellulose) is designed and used as the starting material for CNC isolation. Subsequently, the morphological evolution of cellulose particles during acid hydrolysis is traced by scanning electron microscopy observations. A mechanism that facilitates further understanding of CNC shaping during sulfuric acid hydrolysis is proposed. According to the CNC shaping mechanism, precise prediction, design, and efficient control of the morphology of CNC (needle-like, ribbon-like, ellipsoid, and spherical) can be realized. CNC with various morphologies are favorable for their applications, such as templating synthesis of porous materials and Pickering emulsion dispersion.

Ferrous metal-organic frameworks with strong electron-donating properties for persulfate activation to effectively degrade aqueous sulfamethoxazole.

Three novel persulfate activators, Fe(II)-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were synthesized for the degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The degradation experiment results showed that all the Fe(II)MOFs could effectively activate persulfate and degrade more than 97% SMX within 180 min, with higher than 77% persulfate decomposition efficiencies. It was found by Mössbauer spectra that the variation of organic ligands for synthesis have an influence on the content of Fe(II) of these MOFs, thus resulted in the order of activation capacities: Fe(Nic) > Fe(PyBDC) > Fe(PIP). It was demonstrated that the activation of persulfate was mainly ascribed to the heterogeneous process that accomplished by surface-bounded Fe(II) acted as the main active site to provided electrons for persulfate or dissolved oxygen. EPR and molecular probe studies confirmed the coexistence of SO4·-, ·OH, and O2·-, and differentiated their contributions in SMX degradation. Possible degradation pathways of SMX were proposed based on the detection results of intermediates by UPLC-MS/MS. This work provides a new prospect into the synthesis of high-performance MOFs with strong electron-donating properties as efficient persulfate activators, which may encourage the employ of MOFs in the wastewater treatment process.

A comprehensive model of N2O emissions in an anaerobic/oxygen-limited aerobic process under dynamic conditions.

A comprehensive model for nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in an anaerobic/oxygen-limited aerobic (A/OLA) process is proposed here. This paper includes the following main innovations: (i) adding the phosphorus-accumulating organism (XPAO) denitrification pathway to the contribution of N2O emissions; (ii) considering the biological removal of organic matter and phosphorus and predicting the effect of influent phosphorus concentration on N2O emissions via an increase in the influent phosphorus concentration; and (iii) determining the effect of XPAO on N2O production in a simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal (SNDPR) system by sensitivity analysis. The results suggested that the simulated data matched the measured data well. The predominant pathways of N2O emissions in the process of A/OLA were the ammonium-oxidizing bacterium (XAOB) denitrification pathway and the heterotrophic bacterium (XH) denitrification pathway, while the incomplete hydroxylamine (NH2OH) oxidation pathway and the XPAO denitrification pathway contributed less to N2O emissions. The metabolic activity of XPAO had a significant effect on N2O emissions, and increasing the influent phosphorus concentration was beneficial for reducing the release of N2O. This study is expected to provide a meaningful reference for reducing N2O emissions in wastewater treatment engineering.

Metal-Carbon Hybrid Electrocatalysts Derived from Ion-Exchange Resin Containing Heavy Metals for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Transition metal-carbon hybrids have been proposed as efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acidic media. Herein, effective HER electrocatalysts based on metal-carbon composites are prepared by controlled pyrolysis of resin containing a variety of heavy metals. For the first time, Cr2 O3 nanoparticles of 3-6 nm in diameter homogeneously dispersed in the resulting porous carbon framework (Cr-C hybrid) is synthesized as efficient HER electrocatalyst. Electrochemical measurements show that Cr-C hybrids display a high HER activity with an onset potential of -49 mV (vs reversible hydrogen electrode), a Tafel slope of 90 mV dec(-1) , a large catalytic current density of 10 mA cm(-2) at -123 mV, and the prominent electrochemical durability. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic measurements confirm that electron transfer occurs from Cr2 O3 into carbon, which is consistent with the reported metal@carbon systems. The obtained correlation between metals and HER activities may be exploited as a rational guideline in the design and engineering of HER electrocatalysts.

Enhanced peroxymonosulfate activation for emerging contaminant degradation via defect-engineered interfacial electric field in FeNC.

Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation technology has important application value in treating emerging contaminant (ECs), but it still faces challenges in achieving efficient electron transfer and metal valence cycling. In this study, the interfacial electric field characteristics of FeNC catalysts were adjusted by introducing NC defects to affect the electron transfer process, thereby enhancing the catalytic performance of PMS. It is found that in the FeNC structure, the shift of the charge generates an interfacial electric field, which can promote the directional transfer of electrons. Through quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis, it was confirmed that the defect played a decisive role in regulating the interfacial electric field and improving the catalytic reaction efficiency. The interfacial electric field-mediated superexchange interaction realizes the electron donor effect of organic pollutants and the effective electron transfer between the Fe site, accelerates the electron cycling of the Fe site, and realizes the rapid and stable catalysis of PMS. The increase of the occupancy state distribution of d orbitals near the Fermi level provides favorable conditions for electron transitions and catalytic activation of PMS. ECs can be converted into environmentally friendly, non-toxic and harmless substances through. This defect-controlled interface electric field strategy realizes rapid electron directional transfer, which provides a new solution for improving the catalytic efficiency of PMS and the safe treatment of ECs in water.

Prediction and optimization of wastewater treatment process effluent chemical oxygen demand and energy consumption based on typical ensemble learning models.

Pollution integration and carbon reduction has become a primary focus in wastewater treatment processes. In this study, water quality and control indicators were used as input features and the dataset was extended using the moving average method. Random Forest, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Light Gradient Boosting Machine algorithms were used to predict the effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total energy consumption (TEC). The results indicated that the model prediction performance could be effectively improved when the data were amplified by two times and that the XGBoost model exhibited the best prediction performance for effluent COD and TEC. The Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II model was employed for the multi-objective optimization of effluent COD and TEC, resulting in reductions of 15% and 18%, respectively. The ensemble learning model proposed in this study to achieve synergy between water quality improvement and energy saving is practical.

Mechanism of directed activation of peroxymonosulfate by Fe-N/O unsymmetrical coordination-modulated polarized electric field.

Iron-nitrogen co-doped carbon materials as heterogeneous catalysts have attracted much attention in advanced oxidation processes involving peroxymonosulfate (PMS) due to their unique structure and enormous catalytic potential. However, there is limited research on the influence of different coordination structures on the central iron atoms. Through simple pyrolysis, we introduced oxygen atoms into the Fe-N coordination structure, constructing Fe-N/O@C catalysts with Fe-N2O2 coordination structure, and achieved efficient degradation of bisphenol A (BPA). Quenching experiments, electron paramagnetic resonance, and electrochemical analysis indicate that compared to the free radical activation pathway of Fe-N@C, high-valent iron-oxo species (≡Fe(Ⅳ) = O) are the main reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the Fe-N/O@C/PMS system. Meanwhile, we compared the differences in the oxidation states of Fe atoms and electron density in different coordination structures, revealing the formation of high-valent iron-oxo species and the mechanism of interfacial electron transfer. Therefore, this study provides new insights into the design and development of Fe-N co-doped catalysts for resource-efficient and environmentally friendly catalytic oxidation systems.

Overlooked role of void-nanoconfined effect in emerging pollutant degradation: Modulating the electronic structure of active sites to accelerate catalytic oxidation.

The efficient removal of emerging pollutant from water is the ultimate frontiers of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), yet it is challenging to obtain higher catalytic activity and oxidation rate. Herein, a sustainable solution was proposed by optimizing the curvature of confined structure to modulate the electronic state of the active sites in nanochannels for improving the catalytic activity. In addition, the confined effect can enhance the oxidation rate by shorting the mass transfer of active species and pollutants. A void-nanoconfined nanoreactor was prepared by loading Fe2O3 into the nanochannels (<5 nm) of the hollow carbon sphere. An enhancement of 3 orders of magnitude was obtained in the degradation rate constant of void-nanoconfined catalytic system toward sulfamethoxazole (SMX) (6.25 min-1) compared with the non-confined system. The kinetics enhancement was attributed to the larger electron potential difference between the outer and inner nanochannel caused by the curvature increase of carbon sphere, accelerating the electron transfer, so that the energy barrier of SMX degradation reaction was reduced by 31 kcal/mol with the assistance of confinement energy. Importantly, the NC-IN/PDS system exhibited outstanding removal efficiency for the actual river water using a continuous flow reactor. This work provides a new insight into designing an efficient and stable catalytic nanoreactor, enriching the domain of advanced wastewater treatment strategies.

Prediction of effluent total nitrogen and energy consumption in wastewater treatment plants: Bayesian optimization machine learning methods.

The control of effluent total nitrogen (TN) and total energy consumption (TEC) is a key issue in managing wastewater treatment plants. In this study, effluent TN and TEC predictive models were established by selecting influent water quality and process control indicators as input features. The prediction performance of machine learning methods under different random seeds was explored, the moving average method was used for data amplification, and the Bayesian algorithm was used for hyperparameter optimization. The results showed that compared with the traditional hyperparameter optimization method for effluent TN prediction, the coefficient of determination (R2) increased by 0.092 and 0.067, reaching 0.725, and the root mean square error (RMSE) decreased by 0.262 and 0.215 mg/L, reaching 1.673 mg/L, respectively, after Bayesian optimization and data amplification. During TEC prediction, R2 increased by 0.068 and 0.042, reaching 0.884, and the RMSE decreased by 232.444 and 197.065 kWh, reaching 1305.829 kWh, respectively.

New insights into toxicity reduction and pollutants removal during typical treatment of papermaking wastewater.

Papermaking wastewater contained various of toxic and hazardous pollutants that pose significant threats to both the ecosystem and human health. Despite these risks, limited research has addressed the detoxification efficiency and mechanism involved in the typical process treatment of papermaking wastewater. In this study, the acute toxicity of papermaking wastewater after different treatment processes was assessed using luminousbacteria, zebrafish and Daphnia magna (D. magna). Meanwhile, the pollution parament of the corresponding wastewater were measured, and the transformation of organic pollutant in the wastewater was identified by three-dimensional fluorescence and other techniques. Finally, the possible mechanism of toxicity variation in different treatment processes were explored in combination with correlation analyses. The results showed that raw papermaking wastewater displayed high acute toxicity to luminousbacteria, and exhibited slight acute toxicity and acute toxicity effect to zebrafish and D. magna, respectively. After physical and biochemical processes, not only the toxicity of the wastewater to zebrafish and D. magna was completely eliminated, but also the inhibitory effect on luminousbacteria was significantly reduced (TU value decreased from 11.07 to 1.66). Among them, the order of detoxification efficiency on luminousbacteria was air flotation > hydrolysis acidification > IC > aerobic process. Correlation analyses revealed a direct link between the reduced of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and the detoxification efficiency of the different processes on the wastewater. In particular, the removal of benzene-containing aromatic pollutant correlated positively with decreased toxicity. However, the Fenton process, despite lowering TOC and COD, increased of the acute toxicity of the luminousbacteria (TU value increased from 1.66 to 2.33). This may result from the transformation generation of organic pollutant and oxidant residues during the Fenton process. Hence, oxidation technologies such as the Fenton process, as a deep treatment process, should be more concerned about the ecological risks that may be caused while focusing on their effectiveness in removing pollutant.

Enhancing dissolved oxygen control using an on-line hybrid fuzzy-neural soft-sensing model-based control system in an anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process.

An on-line hybrid fuzzy-neural soft-sensing model-based control system was developed to optimize dissolved oxygen concentration in a bench-scale anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) process. In order to improve the performance of the control system, a self-adapted fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm and adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) models were employed. The proposed control system permits the on-line implementation of every operating strategy of the experimental system. A set of experiments involving variable hydraulic retention time (HRT), influent pH (pH), dissolved oxygen in the aerobic reactor (DO), and mixed-liquid return ratio (r) was carried out. Using the proposed system, the amount of COD in the effluent stabilized at the set-point and below. The improvement was achieved with optimum dissolved oxygen concentration because the performance of the treatment process was optimized using operating rules implemented in real time. The system allows various expert operational approaches to be deployed with the goal of minimizing organic substances in the outlet while using the minimum amount of energy.

Unraveling the single-atom Fe-N4 catalytic site selectivity generate singlet oxygen via activation of persulfate: Polarizing electric fields changes the electron transfer pathway.

Single-atom catalysts have been proved to be an effective material for the removal of organic pollutants from water and wastewater, and yet, the relationship between their internal structures and their roles still remains elusive. In this work, a catalyst Fe (MIL)-SAC with single-atom Fe-N4 active site was prepared. Fe (MIL)-SAC/Peroxydisulfate (PDS) system was able to achieve complete degrade of the Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) with kobs at 0.466 min-1, which was faster than the Fenton system under the same conditions (kobs = 0.422 min-1) and 16 times faster than Fe (MIL) (kobs = 0.029 min-1). Density functional calculations reveal that the Fe-N4 structure will affect the electron transport path and lead to selective generation of 1O2 by triggering S-O breakage and O-O polarization in PDS. Furthermore, Fe (MIL)-SAC/PDS system exhibits strong resistance to common influencing factors and has good application prospects. This work provides a new approach for the selectively generation of 1O2 for the efficient treatment of organic pollutants in aqueous environment.

Exploring degradation properties and mechanisms of emerging contaminants via enhanced directional electron transfer by polarized electric fields regulation in Fe-N4-Cx.

Heterogeneous catalysis offers an opportunity to overcome the low efficiency and secondary pollution limitations of emerging contaminants (ECs) purification technologies, but it is still challenging to regulate electron directed transport for achieving high catalysis efficiency and selectivity due to insufficient understanding of the electron transfer pathways and behavioral mechanisms during its catalysis. Here, by tuning the defects of the C-N coordination of the support, the polarized electric field (PEF) characteristics are changed, which in turn affects the electron transport behavior. The results show that the charge offset on Fe-N4-Cx forms a PEF, which will induce directional electron transport. After the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) fitting analysis, the greater the degree of C-N defects, the higher the intensity of the PEF, which in turn enhances the electron transport and promotes the catalytic behavior. In addition, the surface pyrrole N site can adsorb enrofloxacin (ENR) and enrich it on the surface. This can reduce the transport distance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to synergize catalysis and adsorption, resulting in rapid degradation of ECs. Combined with liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer (LC-MS) results and theoretical calculations, five degradation pathways of ENR were speculated, mainly including the oxidation of piperazine and the cleavage of the quinolone ring. This work proposes a novel PEF regulation strategy and explores its mechanism for safe treatment of ECs.

Stability performance analysis of Fe based MOFs for peroxydisulfates activation to effectively degrade ciprofloxacin.

Fe-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) show high activity toward the activation of peroxodisulfate (PDS) for the removal of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in wastewater treatment. However, there is a phenomenon of Fe ion dissolution in the Fe-based MOFs' active PDS system, and the reasons and influencing factors that cause Fe ion dissolution are poorly understood. In this study, we synthesized four types of Fe-based MOFs and confirmed their crystal structure through characterization. All types of Fe-based MOFs were found to activate PDS and form sulfate radicals (SO4 -), which effectively remove OMPs in wastewater. During the process of Fe-based MOFs activating PDS for CIP removal, activated species, oxidant reagent, and pH negatively impact the stability performance of the MOFs' structure. The coordination bond between Fe atom and O atom can be attacked by water molecules, free radicals, and H+, causing damage to the crystal structure of MOFs. Additionally, Fe (II)-MOFs exhibit the best stability performance, due to the enhanced bond energy of the coordination bond in MOFs by the F ligands. This study summarizes the influencing factors of Fe-based MOFs' damage during PDS activation processes, providing new insights for the future development of Fe-based MOFs.

Regulating the reaction pathway of nZVI to improve the decontamination performance through magnetic spatial confinement effect.

Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) shows high effectiveness in the catalyzed removal of contaminants in wastewater treatment. However, the uncontrolled interfacial electron transfer behavior and formation of surface iron oxide (FeOx) layer led to severe electron wasting and occasionally form highly toxic intermediates. Here, we constructed magnetic mesoporous SiO2 shell on surface of nZVI to stimulate a magnetic spatial confinement effect and regulate the electron transfer pattern. Therein, Fe atom facilely spread out from the nZVI core, orderly release electron to surface adsorbed H2O molecule, which is efficiently transformed into active hydrogen (H*). Meanwhile, in-situ Raman revealed that Fe atoms were involved in the formation of penetrable γ-FeOOH rather than FeOx layer, enabling the continuous inward diffusion of H2O and outward diffusion of H* . Employing the catalyzed removal of halogenated phenols as demo reaction, the presence of magnetic mesoporous SiO2 shell utilized the reaction between electrons and H2O to switch the reaction pathway from the reduction/oxidation hybrid process to hydrodehalogantion, and increased the conversion of halogenated phenols-to-phenols by 5.53 times. This study shows the forehand of improving the decontamination performance of nZVI through sophisticated designed surface coating, as well as fine regulating the environmental behavior of magnetic material via micro-magnetic field.

A novel polydopamine-modified metal organic frameworks catalyst with enhanced catalytic performance for efficient degradation of sulfamethoxazole in wastewater.

In this study, a novel polydopamine (PDA)-modified metal organic frameworks (MOFs) catalyst (MIL/PDA) was successfully fabricated to activate persulfate (PS) for the degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in wastewater. The experimental results indicated that PDA-modified catalyst exhibited superior catalytic performance and enhanced the degradation of SMX (91.5%) compared to pure MOFs. The physical-chemical properties of the MIL/PDA catalyst were comprehensively characterized, and the applications in the catalytic degradation of SMX were evaluated. It was found that the modification of PDA enhanced the electron transfer, while promoting the redox cycle of Fe(III)/Fe(II), which in turn boosted the production of active oxygen species. Furthermore, MIL/PDA showed high stability and reusable performance over multiple cycles. Both radical and non-radical pathways were jointly involved in the activation process of PS were confirmed by quenching experiments combined with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Based on this, the possible mechanism of the catalytic reaction was investigated. Finally, five degradation pathways of SMX degradation were proposed according to the results of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). This work provided a new insight into the design of novel and efficient heterogeneous catalysts for advanced wastewater treatment.

Modulated construction of Fe-based MOF via formic acid modulator for enhanced degradation of sulfamethoxazole：Design, degradation pathways, and mechanism.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted more attention because of their excellent environmental catalytic capabilities. Modulation approach as an advanced assistant strategy is vital essential to enhancing the performance of MOFs. In this study, the modulated method was used to successfully synthesize a group of Fe-based MOFs, with formic acid as the modulator on the synthesis mixture. The most modulated sample Fe-MOFs-2 exhibit high specific surface areas and higher catalytic activity, which could effectively degrade SMX via PS activation, with almost 95% removal efficiency within 120 min. The results revealed that the % RSE of modulated Fe-MOFs-2 increased from 2.31 to 3.27 when compared with the origin Fe-MOFs. This may be due to the addition of formic acid induces the formation of more coordinatively unsaturated metal sites in the catalyst, resulting in structural defects. In addition, the quenching experiment and EPR analysis verified SO4-·and·OH as the major active free radicals in the degradation process. Modulated Fe-MOFs-2 demonstrated good reusability and stability under fifth cycles. Finally, four possible degradation pathways and catalytic mechanism of Fe-MOFs-2 was tentatively proposed. Our work provides insights into the rational design of modulated Fe-MOFs as promising heterogeneous catalysts for advanced wastewater treatment.