A systematic review of clinical efficacy of frozen-thawed embryos and fresh embryos in in-vitro fertilization cycles.

BACKGROUND: Frozen-thawed embryo (FTE) and fresh embryo (FE) transfer are two common strategies in vitro fertilization (IVF), while the results and findings still vary among studies. METHODS: We searched multiple databases for relevant studies comparing the clinical effects of FTE and FE. Meta-analyses were conducted with Review Manager 5.0 to assess the efficacy among included articles. We also analyzed the risk of bias for the reports. RESULTS: Nine studies eventually met the inclusion criteria from 2010 to 2018, and 11396 patients were included. The meta-analyses indicated no significant difference in biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy and ongoing pregnancy rates. Meanwhile, the implantation rate and live birth rate in frozen-thawed embryos were much higher than those of fresh embryo. The birth weight in the frozen-thawed ET group was greater than that of the FE group, and the low birth weight rate in FTE was lower than FE group. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggested a trend toward favouring frozen-thawed FTE might be a preferred transfer strategy for patients with IVF.

[Effects of hypoxia and acidification stress on ion regulation and gill structure of juvenile Larimichthys crocea.] / ä½Žæ°§åŠé ¸åŒ–èƒè¿«å¯¹å¤§é»„é±¼å¹¼é±¼ç¦»å­è°ƒèŠ‚ä¸Žé³ƒç»„ç»‡ç»“æž„çš„å½±å“.

To investigate the ion regulation of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) under hypoxia and acidification stresses, we investigated the effects of hypoxia (dissolved oxygen DO 3.5 mg·L-1, pH 8.1), acidification (DO 7.0 mg·L-1, pH 7.35) and combined stresses of hypoxia and acidification (DO 3.5 mg·L-1, pH 7.35) on gill tissue structure and physiological indices related to ion regulation of juvenile L. croaker. The results showed that, under hypoxia stress, gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity, serum Na+, Ca2+ and Cl- contents of juvenile L. croaker decreased first and then increased. Under acidification stress, gill Ca2+-ATPase activity, serum Na+ and Ca2+ contents of juvenile L. croaker increased first and then decreased. Under the combined stresses of hypoxia and acidification, Na+/K+-ATPase activity and Na+, K+ and Ca2+ contents increased first and then decreased, while Ca2+-ATPase activity and Cl- content decreased first and then increased. The results of gill histology showed that hypoxia and acidification stresses led to the detachment of gill epithelial cells, and the combined stresses of hypoxia and acidification led to proliferation, hypertrophy and swelling of gill epithelial cells. Comprehensive analysis showed that hypoxia and acidification stress affected the activities of major ion regulatory enzymes in juvenile L. croaker and caused different degrees of damage to gill tissue, resulting in imbalanced ion regulation in juvenile L. croaker.

One-pot combinatorial synthesis of 4-aryl-1H-thiopyrano[3,4-b]pyridine-5-one derivatives.

A simple and efficient method for the combinatorial synthesis of highly substituted thiopyrano[3,4-b]pyridin-5(4H)-one, thiopyrano[3,4-b]quinoline-4,6(3H,5H)-dione, dithiopyrano[3,4-b:4',3'-e]pyridine-4,6(1H,3H)-dione, and pyrazolo[3,4-b]thiopyrano[4,3-e]pyridin-5(1H)-one derivatives has been developed. The synthesis was achieved via one-pot multicomponent reaction of aromatic aldehyde, 2H-thiopyran-3,5(4H,6H)-dione and enamine (such as the derivatives of amine and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and 3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine) in glacial acetic acid. This procedure features short reaction time, generally good to excellent yields, easily available starting materials, and operational simplicity. This chemistry provides an efficient and promising synthetic strategy to diversity-oriented construction of the thiopyrano[3,4-b]pyridine skeleton.

5-Amino-7-(4-bromo-phen-yl)-3,7-di-hydro-2H-thieno[3,2-b]pyran-6-carbo-nitrile 1,1-dioxide.

In the title compound, C(14)H(11)BrN(2)O(3)S, the 2,3-dihydro-thio-phene ring is almost planar [maximum deviation = 0.006 (1) Å]. The pyran ring is in an envelope conformation [puckering parameters Q = 0.115 (2) Å, θ = 77.5 (10), ϕ = 172.9 (10)°]. The pyran and phenyl rings are approximately perpendicular, making a dihedral angle of -76.4 (2)°. The crystal packing is stabilized by inter-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, with the sulfone O atoms acting as acceptors.

5-Amino-7-(3-chloro-phen-yl)-3,7-di-hydro-2H-thieno[3,2-b]pyran-6-carbo-nitrile 1,1-dioxide.

The title compound, C(14)H(11)ClN(2)O(3)S, with fused thiophene and pyran rings, was synthesized via the condensation of dihydro-thio-phen-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide and 2-(3-chloro-benz-yl-idene)malononitrile catalysed by triethyl-amine in ethanol. The thio-phene ring adopts an envelope conformation and the pyran ring is planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0067 Å). The dihedral angle between the pyran and phenyl rings is 80.8 (1)°. The crystal packing is stabilized by inter-molecular N-H⋯N and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds in which the cyano N and sulphone O atoms, respectively, acting as acceptors.

[Decreased expression of Cx32 and Cx43 and their function of gap junction intercellular communication in gastric cancer].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of connexin (Cx) and the function of gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) in the carcinogenesis, progression and metastasis of gastric cancers. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Cx32 and Cx43 proteins in tissue samples. Indirect immunofluorescence assay was used to investigate the expression of Cx32 and Cx43 proteins in several gastric cancer lines of various differentiation grades. The expression of Cx43 in samples of gastric cancer tissue, adjacent normal tissue and in the gastric cancer cell lines of various differentiation grades was detected by Western blot. Scrape-loading dye transfer (SLDT) technique was used to detect the function of gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) in the various cell lines. RESULTS: In the normal gastric mucosa the expression rates of both Cx32 and Cx43 were 100%. In gastric cancers, the expression rates of Cx32 andCx43 were 49.5% (55/111) and 39.6% (44/111), respectively. There was a significant difference between their expression in normal and cancer tissues (P < 0.05). Age of the patients was not significantly correlated with the expression level of Cx32 and Cx43 (P > 0.05). Cx43 expression was significantly associated with the TMN stage, histological type, depth of infiltration and distant metastasis (P < 0.05), but Cx32 expression was not significantly correlated with depth of infiltration ( P > 0.05). In the cancer cell lines, a positive expression of Cx32 and Cx43 was detected in transfected human stomach mucosal cell line (CES-1) and human well differentiated stomach cancer cell line (N87), but negative in the poorly differentiated stomach cancer cell line (BGC-823) at all. Both Cx32 and Cx43 expression rates were 100% in the cell line GES-1. Cx32 expression rate was 49.0% and Cx43 expression rate was 55.0% in the cell line N87. But in the poorly differentiated cancer cell line BGC-823 both Cx32 and Cx43 expression was negative. GJIC function detection showed: GES-1 showed well GIJC function but no GIJC function in the cell lines N87 and BGC-823. The intensity of fluorescence was gradually decreasing from GES-1 cells to N87 cells and almost no fluorescence in BGC-823 cells. Western blotting showed that Cx43 expression in normal tissue was higher than that in gastric cancer tissue, and in the cell lines GES-1, N87 and BGC-823, the bands seemed decreasing progressively. There was very low expression in BGC-823 cells. CONCLUSION: The decreasing expression of connexin Cx32 and Cx43 is obviously correlated with the occurrence, development and metastatic potential of stomach cancers.

Late-bolting transgenic Chinese cabbage obtained by RNA interference technique.

LEAFY (LFY) gene plays an important role in determining plant flowering mainly by controlling the timing of phase transition. Constitutive under-expression of LFY in Arabidopsis resulted in the formation of a late-flowering and highly branching phenotype. In this paper, an RNAi approach was used in down-regulated LFY gene expression to delay Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) bolting and flowering. The results show that transgenic plant has a later transition to the reproductive phase, and the transgenic plants have more branches, more leaves, but a lower height. Results of RQ-RT-PCR analysis show that LFY gene expression was greatly reduced in transgenic plants. These results suggest that inhibiting LFY gene expression by RNA interference can delay bolting in a cold-sensitive long-day (LD) condition. Late flowering of Chinese cabbage can be used as a good genetic resource for the breeding late-bolting Chinese cabbage.

[Analysis of mood factors in prostatitis and Molida therapy].

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the mood factors in prostatitis and evaluate the effects of Molida psychological therapy. METHODS: Two hundred and thirty-six chronic prostatitis patients were divided according to the course of disease into above 6 months group (n = 31) and below 6 months group(n = 205) as well as into sexual disease group(n = 25) and non-sexual disease group(n = 211). An investigation was made by self-rating method on the basis of the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index(NIH-CPSI) and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) and 56 cases were rated again after Molida therapy. RESULTS: 1. The scores of SCL-90 in 236 prostatitis patients were significantly higher than normal(P < 0.01). The factor scores of SCL-90 showed one-item positive in 107 patients (45.2%), of whom 27 (25.2%) had depressive disorder and 80(74.77%) had anxiety (23 with significant compulsion). Thirty-eight cases(16.1%) were two items positive. 2. The scores of SCL-90 were significantly higher in the > 6 months group of history and the sexual disease group than in the control group (P < 0.01). 3. The scores of NIH-CPSI showed a positive correlation with those of SCL-90 and both scores in 43/56 cases were significantly decreased after psychological treatment (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The mood factor plays an important role in aggravating symptoms in chronic prostatis patients and causes difficulty for management. Molida may significantly improve the mood and symptoms of the chronic prostatitis patient.

[Effects of typhoon 'Haitang' airflow field on the northward migration route of rice brown planthopper].

Based on GIS, GrADS, and HYSPLIT-4.8 model, this paper analyzed the daily light-trap catches of rice brown planthopper at 42 pest monitoring stations of 10 provinces in China, the wind field on 850 hPa isobaric surface, and the migration tracks of rice brown planthopper at 20 pest monitoring stations during the occurrence of 0505 typhoon 'Haitang' from 19th to 21st July, 2005. After its landing on China, the typhoon 'Haitang' changed the southwest air flow, a flow which leads the northward migration of rice brown planthopper, and made the wind field converge in the southwest of the typhoon and swerve in larger areas. Accordingly, the northward migration of the rice brown planthopper was stopped, and the airborne populations were forced to descend in some areas. The shear line area nearby 850 hPa isobaric surface was the concentration and deposition area of the rice brown planthopper. There would be a mass migration area in the warm airflow shear area in the southeast of typhoon during the collapse of the typhoon. After the whole typhoon landed, the southwest airflow rebuilt, and a mass rice brown planthopper migrated to the north.

[Growth inhibition of Microcystis aeruginosa in packed-bed discharge plasma Reactor].

The paper discussed the effect of the gas flow rate and the addition of glass pellets dielectric on the growth inhibition of Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide, the effect of energy input and pH on the growth inhibition of M. aeruginosa and the effect of packed-bed reactor on the algal Chl-a and cell density. The results show that the increasing of the gas flow rate and the addition of glass pellets dielectric enhance the effect of the discharge plasma reactor on the growth inhibition of M. aeruginosa immediately after discharge, but the effect is unobvious. The algal optical density slightly increases and then markedly decreases during the incubation period, e.g., the removal efficiency of the algal optical density is high to 87.3% at the end of the fifth day at an air flow rate of 0.75 m3/h after 40 min treatment in the packed-bed discharge plasma reactor. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide is enhanced by the increase in the gas flow rate and the addition of glass pellets dielectric into the discharge plasma reactor, too, especially the concentration of hydrogen peroxide enhanced from 4.6 micromol/L to 38.3 micromol/L by the addition of glass pellets dielectric, which will enhance the destructive effect of hydrogen peroxide on the algae during the incubation period. The effect of the growth inhibition of M. aeruginosa is obvious with the increasing in the energy input into the packed-bed discharge plasma reactor. The effect of the alkaline solution on the growth inhibition of M. aeruginosa is more higher than that of the acidic solution, and the value of pH is increased under the acidic condition and decreased under the alkaline condition, but the tread of pH is to be neutral during the incubation period. The decrease of the content of Chl-a and cell density is marked in this reactor, and at the end of the fifth day, the removal efficiencies of Chl-a and cell density are high to 100%.

[Effects of temperature on the kinetics and level of energy charge and oxidation-reduction state in pyruvate biosynthesis].

Temperature plays an important role in pyruvate biosynthesis by Torulopsis glabrata 620. The effects of temperature on the substrate consumption, cell growth, pyruvate biosynthesis and level of energy charge and oxidation-reduction state have been investigated. During the constant temperature fermentation, higher temperature can enhance the rate of glucose consumption, cell growth and pyruvate production. However, it also leads to higher energy charge in the prophase of fermentation, too much consumption of glucose by cell and deficient throughput of pyruvate in the anaphase of fermentation, which brings on decrease of pyruvate yield. Oppositely, maintaining lower temperature during the fermentation can offer constant production capacity of pyruvate in the anaphase of fermentation. But the disadvantages are lower cell growth and higher level of NADH/NAD+ in vivo during the anaphase of fermentation, which leads to lower productivity inevitably. Disaccords above-mentioned indicate that the higher production, higher yield and higher productivity cannot be achieved at one time during a constant temperature fermentation.

Synthetic study of 1,3-butadiene-based IMDA approach to construct a [5-7-6] tricyclic core and its application to the total synthesis of C8-epi-guanacastepene O.

An efficient intramolecular Diels-Alder (IMDA) strategy for the construction of the [5-7-6] tricyclic core (18) of guanacastepenes has been developed from cis- and trans-1,3-butadiene-tethered 4-oxopent-2-ynoic acid ethyl esters 10 and 11. This method facilitates the synthesis of C8-epi-guanacastepene O (36) in a very efficient manner.