Catheter-related bloodstream infection caused by Lacticaseibacillus paracasei: A case report and literature review.

Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) caused by Lactobacillus spp. and Lacticaseibacillus spp. are rare, and their clinical course and optimal treatment remain uncertain. In this report, we present a 46-year-old male patient who experienced clinically diagnosed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei CRBSI on four separate occasions, despite receiving systemic administration of antibiotics and antimicrobial lock therapy. The patient did not develop L. paracasei bacteremia after catheter removal. This case report furthers our knowledge of CRBSI caused by Lactobacillus and related genera and highlights the need for further research.

Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Bacteremia Associated With Probiotic Use in a Child With Hypoganglionosis: Case Report and Literature Review.

Probiotics are generally considered safe and used to improve intestinal function. Here, we report a Lacticaseibacillus paracasei bacteremia case in an 8-month-old girl administered probiotics containing L. paracasei after jejunostomy for hypoganglionosis. The patient had persistent bacteremia with L. paracasei and was treated with antimicrobial therapy. The isolate from the blood culture was genetically indistinguishable to the strain contained in probiotics. Bacteremia risk should be considered before probiotic use in patients with underlying compromised immune systems or intestinal integrity.

Development of the reverse passive latex agglutination method for the detection and quantification of the genus Nitrospira in the wastewater treatment process.

This report describes a new immunological method for the detection and quantification of Nitrospira populations using the reverse passive latex agglutination (RPLA). The numbers of the genus Nitrospira have been quantified only by molecular biological techniques such as FISH and quantitative PCR to date. Using high-density latex particles and a specific polyclonal antibody, Nitrospira populations in the wastewater treatment process were quantified in the shortest 4 h of incubation. The minimum detectable number of Nitrospira cells was 7.0x10(5) (log(10) 5.85) cells/ml. It is thought that the RPLA method can quantify Nitrospira populations more simply, economically, and speedily than molecular biological techniques or the culture method, because this procedure has a simple protocol and does not require the use of specialized equipment, expensive reagents, or technical skill. Therefore it is applicable for use in the everyday control and maintenance of water quality in wastewater treatment facilities where equipment is not sufficient or in the field.

Characterization and source profiling of volatile organic compounds in indoor air of private residences in Selangor State, Malaysia.

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in indoor air were investigated at 39 private residences in Selangor State, Malaysia to characterize the indoor air quality and to identify pollution sources. Twenty-two VOCs including isomers (14 aldehydes, 5 aromatic hydrocarbons, acetone, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene) were collected by 2 passive samplers for 24h and quantitated using high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Source profiling based on benzene/toluene ratio as well as statistical analysis (cluster analysis, bivariate correlation analysis and principal component analysis) was performed to identify pollution sources of the detected VOCs. The VOCs concentrations were compared with regulatory limits of air quality guidelines in WHO/EU, the US, Canada and Japan to clarify the potential health risks to the residents. The 39 residences were classified into 2 groups and 2 ungrouped residences based on the dendrogram in the cluster analysis. Group 1 (n=30) had mainly toluene (6.87±2.19µg/m3), formaldehyde (16.0±10.1µg/m3), acetaldehyde (5.35±4.57µg/m3) and acetone (11.1±5.95µg/m3) at background levels. Group 2 (n=7) had significantly high values of formaldehyde (99.3±10.7µg/m3) and acetone (35.8±12.6µg/m3), and a tendency to have higher values of acetaldehyde (23.7±13.5µg/m3), butyraldehyde (3.35±0.41µg/m3) and isovaleraldehyde (2.30±0.39µg/m3). The 2 ungrouped residences showed particularly high concentrations of BTX (benzene, toluene and xylene: 235µg/m3 in total) or acetone (133µg/m3). The geometric mean value of formaldehyde (19.2µg/m3) exceeded an 8-hour regulatory limit in Canada (9µg/m3), while those in other compounds did not exceed any regulatory limits, although a few residences exceeded at least one regulatory limit of benzene or acetaldehyde. Thus, the VOCs in the private residences were effectively characterized from the limited number of monitoring, and the potential health risks of the VOCs exposure, particularly formaldehyde, should be considered in the study area.

Detection of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) from hemolymph of Penaeid shrimps Penaeus japonicus by reverse passive latex agglutination assay using high-density latex particles.

A simple reverse passive latex agglutination (RPLA) method for detecting white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in the hemolymph of infected Kuruma shrimp (Penaeus japonicus) was developed. It was confirmed that WSSV could be detected from the shrimp hemolymph when the latex particles blocked with a casein protein were used as detection reagent. It became clear from the result of the infection trial that viruses are detectable by RPLA before the appearance of overt symptoms of this disease. In addition, an amplification product of 982 bp (s) derived from WSSV by PCR was detected in all the samples in which WSSV was detected by RPLA. This newly developed RPLA assay can examine many samples in a simple manner since hemolymph can be extracted more easily than any other organs. This assay can be used conveniently for virus detection in the culture pond of shrimps or in the field.

Detection of white spot syndrome virus from stomach tissue homogenate of the kuruma shrimp (Penaeus japonicus) by reverse passive latex agglutination.

A reversed passive latex agglutination (RPLA) assay was developed for detecting the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), which was formally named as penaeid rod-shaped DNA virus (PRDV) in Japan, from stomach tissue homogenate of the kuruma shrimp (Penaeus japonicus). Using high-density latex particles and specific polyclonal antibody, WSSV was detectable after 4h incubation. The hemolymph, the stomach, and the gills were extracted from a shrimp that had been infected experimentally with WSSV, the virus contained in each sample was tested by the PRLA and PCR assay. It was possible to detect the WSSV only from stomach tissue homogenates by the RPLA assay. And there was an agreement between RPLA and PCR assays for WSSV detection. Considering that the RPLA assay does not require biochemical expertise and latex reagents and all apparatus can be provided as a kit, this assay can be used for virus detection in the culture pond of shrimps or in the field as a convenient method.