Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension secondary to cholangiointestinal anastomotic stricture after choledochal cyst excision: a case report.

Background: Cystectomy accompanied by biliary system reconstruction is an important treatment option for choledochal cysts, but the risk of post-operative complications is high. The most famous long-term complication is anastomotic stricture, whereas non-cirrhotic portal hypertension secondary to cholangiointestinal anastomotic stricture is rare. Case summary: Here we report the case of a 33-year-old female patient with a type I choledochal cyst who underwent choledochal cyst excision with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. Thirteen years later, the patient presented with severe esophageal and gastric variceal bleeding, splenomegaly, and hypersplenism. Furthermore, cholangiointestinal anastomotic stricture with cholangiectasis was identified on imaging. A pathological examination of the liver suggested intrahepatic cholestasis, but the fibrosis was mild and inconsistent with severe portal hypertension. Therefore, the final diagnosis was portal hypertension secondary to a cholangiointestinal anastomotic stricture after choledochal cyst surgery. Fortunately, the patient recovered well after endoscopic treatment and dilated cholangiointestinal anastomotic stricture. Conclusion: Choledochal cyst excision with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy is the recommended standard of care for type I choledochal cysts; however, the long-term risk of cholangiointestinal anastomotic stricture requires consideration. Moreover, cholangiointestinal anastomotic stricture can lead to portal hypertension, and the degree of elevated portal pressure may be inconsistent with the degree of intrahepatic fibrosis.

A new species of Dictyochaeta (Sordariomycetes, Chaetosphaeriales, Chaetosphaeriaceae) from freshwater habitats in China.

Background: Freshwater fungi refer to the fungi that depend on the freshwater habitats for the whole life cycle or part of their life cycle. In this context, a new aquatic hyphomycete was isolated from decaying wood in a freshwater habitat in Jiangxi Province, China. New information: Dictyochaetajiangxiensis sp. nov., a new aquatic hyphomycete, is characterised by its unbranched, septate, base-fertile conidiophores with multisepta and single phialide at the apex, brown, sterile seta, monophialidic, subcylindrical conidiogenous cells narrowing below the funnel-shaped collarette, hyaline, unicellular, thin-walled, smooth, guttulate, falcate to subclavate conidia narrowly rounded at both ends with hair-like appendages. Phylogenetically, the new species Dictyochaetajiangxiensis clustered together with Dictyochaetabrevis MFLU 19-0216 in a well-supported clade, but formed a separate branch. In order to better define the taxonomic status of the new species, a phylogenetic tree of most closely-related taxa in Chaetosphaeriaceae was established, based on multi-locus sequences (ITS and LSU). The novel species is described and illustrated. Newly-generated molecular data of Dictyochaetajiangxiensis is also provided.

Iugisporipsathyrareticulopilea gen. et sp. nov. (Agaricales, Psathyrellaceae) from tropical China produces unique ridge-ornamented spores with an obvious suprahilar plage.

Iugisporipsathyra, a new psathyrelloid genus from tropical red soil of China, is established with I.reticulopilea as the type species. The new genus is characterised by basidiomata psathyrelloid, pileus rugose to appearing reticulate ridged, covered by persistent, but inconspicuous villus, pleurocystidia absent and ridge-ornamented spores with an obvious suprahilar plage. The genus is unique amongst Psathyrellaceae in producing ridge-ornamented spores with an obvious suprahilar plage and forms a distinct lineage within Psathyrellaceae, based on the Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference analyses of a combined three-gene sequence dataset (ITS, LSU and ß-tub). Full descriptions and photographs of the new genus and species are presented.

Three novel species of Distoseptispora (Distoseptisporaceae) isolated from bamboo in Jiangxi Province, China.

Decaying bamboo in freshwater is a unique eco-environment for fungi. Three new Distoseptispora (Distoseptisporaceae) species, D.meilingensis, D.yongxiuensis and D.yunjushanensis from submerged decaying bamboo culms in Jiangxi Province, China, were discovered, based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological characters. The combined data of ITS-LSU-SSU-Tef1 sequences were used to infer the phylogenetic relationship between D.meilingensis, D.yongxiuensis, D.yunjushanensis and related species. Both molecular analyses and morphological data supported D.meilingensis, D.yongxiuensis and D.yunjushanensis as three independent taxa.

Taxonomy and multi-gene phylogeny of Micropsalliota (Agaricales, Agaricaceae) with description of six new species from China.

Micropsalliota is a relatively small genus containing only 62 previously identified species. Here, we describe six new taxa of Micropsalliota based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses: M. minor, M. ovalispora, M. pseudodelicatula, M. rufosquarrosa, M. tenuipes, and M. wuyishanensis and a new record taxon to China. The first Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of a three-gene dataset (ITS, LSU, and rpb2) separated the genus into 18 weakly to strongly supported major clades and subclades, but only a few subclades were synapomorphies. According to phylogenetic analyses, M. cornuta does not belong in Micropsalliota. A key to 20 species of Micropsalliota in China is provided.

Two new rare species of Candolleomyces with pale spores from China.

Most species of Candolleomyces have brown or dark brown spores. Although pale-spored members are rare in the genus we frequently collected two such species from many Provinces during our investigations in subtropical China from 2016-2020. As revealed by morphological characterisation and multigene phylogenetic analyses (ITS LSU ß-tub and tef-1α) these species which we have named C. subcacao and C. subminutisporus are unique and distinct from known taxa. In addition a new combination C. cladii-marisci is proposed on the basis of ITS sequence analysis of the type specimen. Detailed descriptions colour photos illustrations and a key to related species are presented.

A new genus and four new species in the /Psathyrella s.l. clade from China.

Based on traditional morphological and phylogenetic analyses (ITS, LSU, tef-1α and ß-tub) of psathyrelloid specimens collected from China, four new species are here described: Heteropsathyrella macrocystidia, Psathyrella amygdalinospora, P. piluliformoides, and P. truncatisporoides. H. macrocystidia forms a distinct lineage and groups together with Cystoagaricus, Kauffmania, and Typhrasa in the /Psathyrella s.l. clade, based on the Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses. Thus, the monospecific genus Heteropsathyrella gen. nov. is introduced for the single species. Detailed descriptions, colour photos, and illustrations are presented in this paper.

Three new Russula species in sect. Ingratae (Russulales, Basidiomycota) from southern China.

Three new species of Russulasection Ingratae, found in Guizhou and Jiangsu Provinces, southern China, are proposed: R.straminella, R.subpectinatoides and R.succinea. Photographs, line drawings and detailed morphological descriptions for these species are provided with comparisons against closely-related taxa. Phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region supported the recognition of these specimens as new species. Additionally, R.indocatillus is reported for the first time from China and morphological and phylogenetic data are provided for the Chinese specimens.

First record of the rare genus Typhrasa (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales) from China with description of two new species.

Typhrasa is a rare genus that comprises two species and that has previously been reported only from Europe and North America. The present study expands the geographical scope of the genus by describing two new species - T. polycystis and T. rugocephala - from subtropical China. The new species are supported by morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses (ITS, LSU and tef-1α). The new species have very similar morphological characteristics and are 98% similar in their ITS region. However, T. rugocephala has two types of long gills at the same time, rarely fusiform pleurocystidia with rostrum. Detailed descriptions, colour photos, illustrations and a key to related species are presented in this paper.

The Northeast Chinese species of Psathyrella (Agaricales, Psathyrellaceae).

Twenty seven species of Psathyrella have been found in Northeast China. Amongst them, P. conica, P. jilinensis, P. mycenoides and P. subsingeri are described as new species, based on studying morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses. Detailed morphological descriptions, line drawings and photographs of the new species are presented. Phylogenetic analysis of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and an identification key to the 27 Psathyrella species occuring in Northeast China are provided.