RESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate the temperature changes at multiple sites within bulk-fill resin composites and in the pulp chamber during photopolymerization in the tooth cavity. METHODS: Class 1 cavities (n = 5) prepared in extracted third molars were filled with SureFil SDR Flow, a newly developed bulk-fill composite. After securing the specimens in a water bath at 36.5 degrees C, eight thermocouples were used to measure the temperature at the bottom center (BC), middle center (MC), top center (TC), bottom edge (BE), middle edge (ME), and top edge (TE) of the restoration; the pulpal aspect of the dentin (PD); and the center of the curing light tip (CL) during photopolymerization. RESULTS: The maximum temperature values (degrees C) differed among the measurement sites. TC exhibited the greatest temperature increase (72.3 ± 2.4), followed by MC, BC, TE, TE, ME, CL, and BE. The lowest temperature was observed at PD (41.1 ± 1.9). The peak temperatures within the composite were observed during the early stage of light-curing, while CL and PD exhibited the highest temperature at the end stage of light-curing.
Assuntos
Processos Fotoquímicos , Polimerização , Resinas Sintéticas , TemperaturaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) refers to nausea and vomiting that occurs within 24-h after surgery or in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). Previous studies have reported that the use of remimazolam, a newer benzodiazepine (BDZ) hypnotic, for anesthesia results in less PONV. In this study, we compared the rate of PONV between sevoflurane and remimazolam after general anesthesia. METHODS: In this prospective randomized controlled trial, participants aged 20-80 years who underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy or hemicolectomy were randomized to either the remimazolam or sevoflurane group. The primary outcome was PONV incidence for 24-h after surgery. Secondary outcomes comprised of PONV at 30-min post-surgery, postoperative additional antiemetic use, and Quality of Recovery-15 (QOR-15) score at 24-h postoperatively. RESULTS: Forty patients were enrolled in the study. The remimazolam group exhibited significantly lower rates of PONV for 24-h after surgery than did the sevoflurane group (remimazolam group vs. sevoflurane group; 5% vs. 45%, P = 0.003, respectively). The use of dexamethasone, a rescue antiemetic administered within 24 h of surgery, was substantially lower in the remimazolam group than in the sevoflurane group (0% in remimazolam vs. 30% in sevoflurane, P = 0.020). The QOR-15 score at 24-h after surgery showed no significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to sevoflurane, opting for remimazolam as an intraoperative hypnotic may decrease the incidence of PONV and reduce antiemetic use for 24 h after laparoscopic surgery.
Assuntos
Anestesia Geral , Anestésicos Inalatórios , Náusea e Vômito Pós-Operatórios , Sevoflurano , Humanos , Náusea e Vômito Pós-Operatórios/prevenção & controle , Náusea e Vômito Pós-Operatórios/epidemiologia , Sevoflurano/administração & dosagem , Sevoflurano/efeitos adversos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Prospectivos , Idoso , Adulto , Incidência , Anestesia Geral/efeitos adversos , Anestesia Geral/métodos , Anestésicos Inalatórios/efeitos adversos , Anestésicos Inalatórios/administração & dosagem , Benzodiazepinas/efeitos adversos , Benzodiazepinas/administração & dosagem , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antieméticos/administração & dosagem , Antieméticos/efeitos adversos , Adulto Jovem , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/administração & dosagem , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/efeitos adversosRESUMO
A dextransucrase (LcDS) gene from Leuconostoc citreum HJ-P4 has been amplified and cloned in E. coli. The LcDS gene consists of 4,431 nucleotides encoding 1,477 amino acid residues sharing 63-98% of amino acid sequence identities with other known dextransucrases from Leuc. mesenteroides. Interestingly, 0.1 mM of IPTG induction at 15 degrees remarkably increased the LcDS productivity to 19,187 U/l culture broth, which was over 330-fold higher than that induced at 37 degrees. Optimal reaction temperature and pH of LcDS were determined as 35 degrees and pH 5.5 in 20 mM sodium acetate buffer, respectively. Meanwhile, 0.1 mM CaCl(2) increased its activity to the maximum of 686 U/mg, which was 2.1-fold higher than that in the absence of calcium ion. Similar to the native Leuconostoc dextransucrase, recombinant LcDS could successfully produce a series of isomaltooligosaccharides from sucrose and maltose, on the basis of its transglycosylation activity.
Assuntos
Indução Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Glucosiltransferases/biossíntese , Leuconostoc/enzimologia , Cloreto de Cálcio/administração & dosagem , Clonagem Molecular , Temperatura Baixa , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Genes Bacterianos , Glucosiltransferases/genética , Glucosiltransferases/isolamento & purificação , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Microbiologia Industrial , Isopropiltiogalactosídeo/administração & dosagem , Leuconostoc/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismoRESUMO
Barley alpha-amylase genes, amy1 and amy2, were separately cloned into the expression vector of pPICZalphaA and recombinant Pichia strains were established by homologous recombination. Both AMYs from Pichia shared almost identical hydrolysis patterns on short maltooligosaccharides to result in glucose, maltose, or maltotriose. Against insoluble blue starch, AMY1 showed the highest activity at 0.1-5 mM calcium concentration, whereas 15-20 mM was optimal for AMY2. On the hydrolysis of soluble starch, unexpectedly, there was no significant difference between AMYs with increase of calcium. However, the relative activity on various starch substrates was significantly different between AMYs, which supports that the isozymes are clearly distinguished from each other on the basis of their unique preferences for substrates.
Assuntos
Cálcio/metabolismo , Engenharia Genética , Hordeum/enzimologia , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Amido/metabolismo , alfa-Amilases/química , Clonagem Molecular , Hidrólise , Isoenzimas/química , Isoenzimas/isolamento & purificação , Isoenzimas/metabolismo , Pichia/genética , Pichia/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Especificidade por Substrato , alfa-Amilases/isolamento & purificação , alfa-Amilases/metabolismoRESUMO
To efficiently engineer intracellular dextransucrase (DSase) expression in Escherichia coli, a high-throughput screening method was developed based on the polymer-forming activity of the enzyme. Recombinant E. coli containing the Leuconostoc citreum DSase (LcDS) gene was grown on Luria-Bertani agar plates, containing 2% sucrose, at 37°C for 8 h. The plates were then evenly overlaid with 0.6% soft agar, containing 1.2 mg/ml D-cycloserine, and incubated at 30°C to allow gradual cell disruption until a dextran polymer grew through the overlaid layer. A significant correlation between dextran size and enzyme activity was established and applied for screening truncated mutants with LcDS activity.