Lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor promote lipid uptake and fatty acid oxidation in gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND: Lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR), a lipid receptor, is associated with cancer progression. However, detailed effects on intracellular metabolism are unclear. We aimed to elucidate the mechanism of LSR-mediated lipid metabolism in gastric cancer. METHODS: We investigated lipid metabolic changes induced by lipoprotein administration in gastric cancer cells and evaluated the significance of LSR expression and lipid droplets formation in gastric cancer patients. The efficacy of inhibiting ß-oxidation in gastric cancer cells was also examined in vitro and vivo. RESULTS: In gastric cancer cells, LSR promoted cellular uptake of lipoprotein and cell proliferation. Furthermore, the inhibition of LSR in gastric cancer cells expressing high levels of LSR counteracted both effects. Immunohistochemical analysis of human gastric cancer tissues showed that the increase in lipid droplets via LSR is a factor that influences prognosis. Lipidomics analysis of LSR-high-expressing gastric cancer cells revealed an increase in ß-oxidation. Based on these results, we used etomoxir, a ß-oxidation inhibitor, and found that it inhibited cell proliferation as well as the suppression of LSR. Similarly, in a mouse xenograft model of LSR-highly expressing gastric cancer cells, the tumor growth effect of high-fat diet feeding was counteracted by etomoxir, consistent with the Ki-67 labeling index. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that lipids are taken up into gastric cancer cells via LSR and cause an increase in ß-oxidation, resulting in the promotion of cancer progression. Controlling LSR-mediated lipid metabolism may be a novel therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer.

Clinical effectiveness of a new scope warmer/cleaner for laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgery.

In laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgery, maintaining clear visualization is crucial for safe and efficient operation. We have developed a new scope warmer/cleaner (Lapahot®) based on "hot-pack" technology. We used our device in 20 consecutive laparoscopic and thoracoscopic cases and compared it with the conventional warm saline method. Lens fogging was not observed in any of the cases, and the cleaning function was comparable to the warm saline method. Moreover, continuous temperature monitoring showed that Lapahot® maintained its temperature much longer than warm saline. Our novel device has the potential to become the new standard for lens defogging and cleaning.

The role of anterior gastropexy in elderly Japanese hiatal hernia patients.

PURPOSE: As Japanese society ages, the number of surgeries performed in elderly patients with hiatal hernia (HH) is increasing. In this study, we examined the feasibility, safety, and potential effectiveness of the addition of anterior gastropexy to hiatoplasty with or without mesh repair and/or fundoplication in elderly Japanese HH patients. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 39 patients who underwent laparoscopic HH repair between 2010 and 2021. We divided them into 2 groups according to age: the "younger" group (< 75 years old, n = 21), and the "older" group (≥ 75 years old, n = 18). The patient characteristics, intraoperative data, and postoperative results were collected. RESULTS: The median ages were 68 and 82 years old in the younger and older groups, respectively, and the female ratio was similar between the groups (younger vs. older: 67% vs. 78%, p = 0.44). The older group had more type III/IV HH cases than the younger group (19% vs. 83%, p < 0.001). The operation time was longer in the older group than in the younger group, but there was no significant difference in blood loss, perioperative complications, or postoperative length of stay between the groups. The older group had significantly more cases of anterior gastropexy (0% vs. 78%, p < 0.001) and less fundoplication (100% vs. 67%, p = 0.004) than the younger group. There was no significant difference in HH recurrence between the groups (5% vs. 11%, p = 0.46). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of anterior gastropexy to other procedures is feasible, safe, and potentially effective in elderly Japanese patients with HH.

A successful operation for giant intra-abdominal desmoid tumors associated with familial adenomatous polyposis: A case report.

Desmoid tumors are benign proliferations of spindle cells originating in fibro-aponeurotic tissue. Many patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) die from desmoid tumors, which can arise spontaneously but often appear to be surgically induced by prophylactic colectomy. Desmoid tumors are the second most common cause of death in patients with FAP, second to colorectal cancer. Many patients can live a long life with desmoid tumors without symptoms, but when symptoms (ranging from bowel or ureteric obstruction to bowel perforation with abscess and fistula) appear or there is a risk of functional impairment, a wide spectrum of therapies (local and systemic) are valuable in improving the symptoms and controlling the disease. A half-Japanese, half-Caucasian male, who had been diagnosed with intra-abdominal desmoid tumors associated with FAP at age 13, was treated using abdominal wall incision for decompression and chemotherapy from the age of 38. The therapeutic outcome was progressive disease, based on the modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (mRECIST), and when he visited our hospital at age 41 the desmoid tumor had invaded the small bowel with a fistula to the abdominal wall. We performed a palliative operation to improve his symptoms, which were fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, and difficulty eating. As the tumor was extremely large and had invaded the small intestine, massive resection including the small intestine was required. To prepare for anticipated massive bleeding, a balloon catheter was placed in the superior mesenteric artery just prior to surgery. Although the operation was extremely difficult, following surgery the patient regained his ability to eat and when discharged was ambulatory and without short-bowel syndrome. We report our experience treating one of the largest reported intraperitoneal desmoid tumors. Resection resulted in a good postoperative course, with improved quality of life and prognosis.

Thermal tuning of mechanically induced long-period fiber grating.

We have developed a wideband tunable optical filter that uses a long-period fiber grating (LPFG) in which both resonance wavelength and its signal attenuation can be adjusted. We create the grating mechanically by pressing a spring coil to an optical fiber. We achieve continuous fine tuning of wavelength and attenuation by varying the temperature of the LPFG. The adjustable ranges of the LPFG are more than 200 nm in resonance wavelength and more than 10 dB in signal attenuation.

Dynamic evolution of the spectrum of long-period fiber Bragg gratings fabricated from hydrogen-loaded optical fiber by ultraviolet laser irradiation.

Long-period fiber Bragg gratings fabricated by exposure of hydrogen-loaded fiber to UV laser light exhibit large-scale dynamic evolution for approximately two weeks at room temperature. During this time two distinct features show up in their spectrum: a large upswing in wavelength and a substantial deepening of the transmission minimum. The dynamic evolution of the transmission spectrum is explained quantitatively by use of Malo's theory of UV-induced quenching [Electron. Lett. 30, 442 (1994)] followed by refilling of hydrogen in the fiber core and the theory of hydrogen diffusion in the fiber material. The amount of hydrogen quenched by the UV irradiation is 6% of the loaded hydrogen.