Rhizobium kunmingense sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Camptotheca acuminata Decne.

Strain LXD30(T) was isolated from rhizosphere soil of a plant of the species Camptotheca acuminata Decne which is native to warm, humid stream banks in southern China. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium fell within the realm of the genus Rhizobium and was most closely related to Rhizobium huautlense SO2(T) (96.4% sequence similarity) and Rhizobium cellulosilyticum LMG 23642(T) (96.4%). The isolate grew optimally at pH7.0 and 25-28 degrees C in the presence of 0-1% (w/v) NaCl. Major fatty acids were C16:0 (17.5%) and summed feature 7 (C18:1omega7c/omega9t/omega12t, 58.3%). Unequivocally low 16S rRNA (<97%), recA (<92%) and atpD (<90%) gene sequence similarities to all existing species of the genus and phenotypic characteristics all suggested that strain LXD30(T) (=KCTC 22609(T)=CGMCC 1.8903(T)) represents a novel Rhizobium species, for which the name Rhizobium kunmingense sp. nov. is proposed.

[Analysis of risk factors for cerebral infarction after hip arthroplasty].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the independent risk factors for cerebral infarction so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of cerebral infarction after total hip arthroplasty. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 571 patients for hip arthroplasty was conducted from January 2003 to September 2008. Twenty-three patients were found with cerebral infarction postoperatively. Single-factor and multi-factor correlation analyses were tested for the patients with cerebral infarction after hip arthroplasty. RESULTS: The single-factor analysis for hip arthroplasty revealed that age (P = 0.001) and femoral neck fracture (P = 0.008) were the main factors for cerebral infarction. Furthermore, age was considered a risk factor for cerebral infarction after hip arthroplasty in multi-factor analysis (P = 0.029, OR = 1.054, 95%CI: 1.005 - 1.105). CONCLUSION: Advanced age (> 70 yr) and femoral neck fracture are the main independent risk factors for cerebral infarction after hip arthroplasty.

Saccharibacillus kuerlensis sp. nov., isolated from a desert soil.

A taxonomic study was performed on strain HR1(T), which was isolated from a desert soil sample collected from Xinjiang Province (China). Cells were aerobic, Gram-positive-staining, pink-pigmented, sporulating rods with a single lateral flagellum. The organism can grow at 15-42 degrees C and pH 5.0-10.0, optimally at 30-37 degrees C and pH 6.0-8.0. Growth is inhibited by 6 % NaCl. Analysis of almost-complete 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate represents a distinct taxon within the genus Saccharibacillus; Saccharibacillus sacchari LMG 24085(T) was the nearest relative (97.9 % sequence similarity). DNA-DNA hybridization showed 29.6 % genetic relatedness between strain HR1(T) and S. sacchari LMG 24085(T). The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and the predominant fatty acid was anteiso-C(15 : 0) (50.3 %). The G+C content of the DNA was 50.5 mol%. Therefore, based on phenotypic criteria and the phylogenetic position, strain HR1(T) belongs to a previously unidentified species of the genus Saccharibacillus, for which the name Saccharibacillus kuerlensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HR1(T) (=KCTC 13182(T) =JCM 14865(T) =CGMCC 1.6964(T)).

Bacillus solisalsi sp. nov., a halotolerant, alkaliphilic bacterium isolated from soil around a salt lake.

A novel Gram-positive, motile, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from a saline soil in China was characterized by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The strain, designated YC1(T), was halotolerant [tolerating up to 15 % (w/v) NaCl] and alkaliphilic (growing at a broad pH range of 5-13). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the isolate belonged to the genus Bacillus, showing highest similarity to Bacillus macauensis JCM 13285(T) (98.0 %). However, DNA-DNA hybridization indicated low levels of genomic relatedness with B. macauensis JCM 13285(T) (8.5 %). The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and the cellular fatty acid profile consisted of significant amounts of iso-C(15 : 0) (38.6 %) and anteiso-C(15 : 0) (35.9 %). The predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 41.8 mol%. On the basis of the polyphasic evidence from this study, strain YC1(T) (=KCTC 13181(T)=CGMCC 1.6854(T)) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solisalsi sp. nov. is proposed.

Serratia nematodiphila sp. nov., associated symbiotically with the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditidoides chongmingensis (Rhabditida: Rhabditidae).

A novel red-pigmented, Gram-negative, motile, fluorescent, rod-shaped strain, DZ0503SBS1(T), with a single lateral flagellum, was isolated from the intestine of the nematode Heterorhabditidoides chongmingensis. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the strain is a member of the genus Serratia, sharing highest sequence similarities with Serratia marcescens subsp. sakuensis JCM 11315(T) (99.8 %), S. marcescens subsp. marcescens DSM 30121(T) (99.5 %) and Serratia ureilytica LMG 22860(T) (98.3 %). Similarities between the rpoB gene sequence of strain DZ0503SBS1(T) and those of S. marcescens subsp. sakuensis JCM 11315(T), S. marcescens subsp. marcescens DSM 30121(T) and S. ureilytica LMG 22860(T) were 98.0, 97.4 and 98.3 %, respectively. DNA-DNA hybridization values of strain DZ0503SBS1(T) with S. marcescens subsp. sakuensis JCM 11315(T), S. marcescens subsp. marcescens DSM 30121(T) and S. ureilytica LMG 22860(T) were 68.2, 65.1 and 53.0 %, respectively. The major isoprenoid quinone of strain DZ0503SBS1(T) was Q-8 and the predominant fatty acids were C(16 : 0) (34.76 %), cyclo-C(17 : 0) (20.03 %) and cyclo-C(19 : 0)omega8c (17.24 %). The cyclo-C(19 : 0)omega8c content (17.24 %) was significantly different from those found in S. marcescens subsp. sakuensis JCM 11315(T) and S. marcescens subsp. marcescens DSM 30121(T). Some characteristics of strain DZ0503SBS1(T), i.e. fluorescence and its symbiotic association with nematodes, have not been reported previously in any species of the genus Serratia. Phenotypic and biochemical characteristics and molecular data show that strain DZ0503SBS1(T) represents a novel species, for which the name Serratia nematodiphila sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is DZ0503SBS1(T) (=KCTC 22130(T) =CGMCC 1.6853(T)).

Pseudomonas duriflava sp. nov., isolated from a desert soil.

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain HR2(T), was isolated from a soil sample from the Taklimaken Desert in Xinjiang Province, China. Strain HR2(T) grew optimally at pH 7.0-8.0 and 30-37 degrees C in the presence of 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl. An analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain HR2(T) fell within the radiation of the genus Pseudomonas, the highest level of similarity being found with respect to Pseudomonas luteola IAM 13000(T) (97.5 %); the levels of sequence similarity with respect to other recognized Pseudomonas species were <96.4 %. DNA-DNA hybridization showed that the genetic relatedness between strain HR2(T) and P. luteola IAM 13000(T) was 53.2 %. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain HR2(T) was 55.2 mol%. The major fatty acids were 18 : 1, summed feature 3 and 16 : 0. The hydroxylated fatty acids 10 : 0 3-OH, 12 : 0 3-OH and 12 : 0 2-OH were also present. The data obtained in this polyphasic study indicated that this isolate represents a novel species of the genus Pseudomonas, for which the name Pseudomonas duriflava sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HR2(T) (=KCTC 22129(T)=CGMCC 1.6858(T)).

Sphingobacterium siyangense sp. nov., isolated from farm soil.

The taxonomic position of a novel Gram-negative strain, designated SY1(T), isolated from a farm-soil sample obtained from Jiangsu Province, PR China, was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. The cells were non-motile, non-spore-forming rods. The organism grew optimally at 30-37 degrees C and at pH 6.0-8.0. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SY1(T) is a member of the genus Sphingobacterium; Sphingobacterium multivorum JCM 21156(T) was the nearest relative (98.5 % sequence similarity). The predominant fatty acids of strain SY1(T) were iso-C(15 : 0) (32.9 %), C(16 : 0) (10.9 %) and summed feature 3 (iso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH and/or C(16 : 1)omega7c; 24.1 %). The DNA G+C content was 38.5 mol%. The low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (2.2 %) to S. multivorum JCM 21156(T) in combination with differential morphological and biochemical properties demonstrated that strain SY1(T) (=KCTC 22131(T)=CGMCC 1.6855(T)) should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Sphingobacterium for which the name Sphingobacterium siyangense sp. nov. is proposed.

Flavobacterium anhuiense sp. nov., isolated from field soil.

A novel strain, D3T, isolated from a field-soil sample obtained from Anhui Province, PR China, was characterized taxonomically by using a polyphasic approach. The cells were Gram-negative, yellow-pigmented rods devoid of flagella, but showing gliding motility. The organism was able to grow at 5-37 degrees C and at pH 4.0-10.0. A comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain D3T is a member of the genus Flavobacterium, sharing highest sequence similarity with the type strain of Flavobacterium defluvii (96.7 %). The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-6 and the predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 omega 7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and C16 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 31.4 mol%. On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic data, strain D3T represents a novel species within the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium anhuiense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is D3T (=KCTC 22128T = CGMCC 1.6859T).

Pontibacter akesuensis sp. nov., isolated from a desert soil in China.

A Gram-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain AKS 1T, was isolated from a desert soil sample collected from Akesu, XinJiang Province, China. A taxonomic study, including phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and phenotypic characteristics, was performed on the novel isolate. The predominant menaquinone of strain AKS 1T was MK-7. The major fatty acids included i-C(15 : 0), ai-C(17 : 1) B/i-C(17 : 1) I and i-C(17 : 0) 3-OH. The G+C content of the DNA was 51.4 mol%. Based on the results of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain AKS 1T should be assigned as representing a novel species of the genus Pontibacter, for which the name Pontibacter akesuensis is proposed. The type strain is AKS 1T (=KCTC 12758T=CCTCC AB 206086T).

Chryseobacterium flavum sp. nov., isolated from polluted soil.

A Gram-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated CW-E 2(T), was isolated from a polluted soil sample collected from Jiangsu Province, China. A taxonomic study of the isolate, including phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and phenotypic characteristics, was carried out. The predominant menaquinone was MK-6 and the major fatty acids were i-C(15 : 0), i-C(17 : 0) 3-OH, i-C(17 : 1) omega 9c and summed feature 4. The G+C content of the DNA was 37.2 mol%. Based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain CW-E 2(T) represents a novel species of the genus Chryseobacterium for which the name Chryseobacterium flavum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CW-E 2(T) (=KCTC 12877(T)=CCTCC AB 206147(T)).

Massilia dura sp. nov., Massilia albidiflava sp. nov., Massilia plicata sp. nov. and Massilia lutea sp. nov., isolated from soils in China.

Four Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped bacterial strains were isolated from soil samples collected from south-east China. A taxonomic study including phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and phenotypic characteristics was performed. DNA G+C contents of the four strains were 63-66 mol%. Their predominant ubiquinone was Q-8. The fatty acid profiles contained C16:1omega7c (36.9-54.7%) and C16:0 (22.8-25.5%) as the major components. Based on their phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic position as determined by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization results, the four isolates are considered to represent four novel species of the genus Massilia, for which the names Massilia dura sp. nov. (type strain 16T=CCTCC AB 204070T=KCTC 12342T), Massilia albidiflava sp. nov. (type strain 45T=CCTCC AB 204071T=KCTC 12343T), Massilia plicata sp. nov. (type strain 76T=CCTCC AB 204072T=KCTC 12344T) and Massilia lutea sp. nov. (type strain 101T=CCTCC AB 204073T=KCTC 12345T) are proposed.