Increased regional Hurst exponent reflects response inhibition related neural complexity alterations in pediatric bipolar disorder patients during an emotional Go-Nogo task.

Fractal patterns have been shown to change in resting- and task-state blood oxygen level-dependent signals in bipolar disorder patients. However, fractal characteristics of brain blood oxygen level-dependent signals when responding to external emotional stimuli in pediatric bipolar disorder remain unclear. Blood oxygen level-dependent signals of 20 PBD-I patients and 17 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were extracted while performing an emotional Go-Nogo task. Neural responses relevant to the task and Hurst exponent of the blood oxygen level-dependent signals were assessed. Correlations between clinical indices and Hurst exponent were estimated. Significantly increased activations were found in regions covering the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, insula, and subcortical nuclei in PBD-I patients compared to healthy controls in contrast of emotional versus neutral distractors. PBD-I patients exhibited higher Hurst exponent in regions that involved in action control, such as superior frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, and insula, with Hurst exponent of frontal orbital gyrus correlated with onset age. The present study exhibited overactivation, increased self-similarity and decreased complexity in cortical regions during emotional Go-Nogo task in patients relative to healthy controls, which provides evidence of an altered emotional modulation of cognitive control in pediatric bipolar disorder patients. Hurst exponent may be a fractal biomarker of neural activity in pediatric bipolar disorder.

Transcriptome analysis of axillary buds in low phosphorus stress and functional analysis of TaWRKY74s in wheat.

BACKGROUND: Wheat is one of the main grain crops in the world, and the tiller number is a key factor affecting the yield of wheat. Phosphorus is an essential element for tiller development in wheat. However, due to decreasing phosphorus content in soil, there has been increasing use of phosphorus fertilizer, while imposing risk of soil and water pollution. Hence, it is important to identify low phosphorus tolerance genes and utilize them for stress resistance breeding in wheat. RESULTS: We subjected the wheat variety Kenong 199 (KN199) to low phosphorus stress and observed a reduced tiller number. Using transcriptome analysis, we identified 1651 upregulated genes and 827 downregulated of genes after low phosphorus stress. The differentially expressed genes were found to be enriched in the enzyme activity regulation related to phosphorus, hormone signal transduction, and ion transmembrane transport. Furthermore, the transcription factor analysis revealed that TaWRKY74s were important for low phosphorus tolerance. TaWRKY74s have three alleles: TaWRKY74-A, TaWRKY74-B, and TaWRKY74-D, and they all belong to the WRKY family with conserved WRKYGQK motifs. These proteins were found to be located in the nucleus, and they were expressed in axillary meristem, shoot apical meristem(SAM), young leaves, leaf primordium, and spikelet primordium. The evolutionary tree showed that TaWRKY74s were closely related to OsWRKY74s in rice. Moreover, TaWRKY74s-RNAi transgenic plants displayed significantly fewer tillers compared to wild-type plants under normal conditions. Additionally, the tiller numebr of the RNAi transgenic plants was also significantly lower than that of the wild-type plants under low-phosphorus stress, and increased the decrease amplitude. This suggestd that TaWRKY74s are related to phosphorus response and can affect the tiller number of wheat. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this research showed that TaWRKY74s were key genes in wheat response to low phosphorus stress, which might regulate wheat tiller number through abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin signal transduction pathways. This research lays the foundation for further investigating the mechanism of TaWRKY74s in the low phosphorus environments and is significant for wheat stress resistance breeding.

Generation of the stable propagation Bessel beam and the axial multifoci beam with pure phase elements.

A recently proposed method is upgraded to convert two amplitude phase modulation systems (APMSs) to pure phase elements (PPEs), for generating the stable propagation Bessel beam and the axial multifoci beam, respectively. Phase functions of the PPEs are presented analytically. Numerical simulations by the complete Rayleigh-Sommerfeld method demonstrate that the converted PPE has implemented the same optical functionalities as the corresponding APMS, in either the longitudinal or the transverse direction. Compared with the traditional APMS, the converted PPE possesses many advantages such as fabrication process simplification, system complexity reduction, production cost conservation, alignment error avoidance, and experimental precision enhancement. These inherent advantages position the PPE as an ideal choice and driving force behind further advancements in optical system technology.

Ideal suppression of Bessel beam intensity oscillations with a vortex phase plate.

We propose what we believe to be a new kind of diffractive phase element, i.e., vortex phase plate (VPP) with phase singularities along the azimuth direction. Phase function of the proposed VPP is given analytically. Axial intensity oscillations of propagating Bessel beams are ideally suppressed by using the proposed VPP. Compared with the traditional amplitude mask, the proposed VPP takes such advantages as a simpler fabrication procedure and a lower cost.

Generation of stable propagation Bessel beams and axial multifoci beams with binary amplitude filters.

The binary amplitude filter (BAF) is employed to generate stable propagation Bessel beams and axial multifoci beams, rather than the traditional continuous amplitude filter (CAF). We introduce a parameter along the azimuth direction, i.e., angular order of the BAF, to weaken transverse intensity asymmetry. Numerical simulations reveal that the BAF implements the same optical functionalities as the CAF. The BAF holds advantages over the traditional CAF: a simpler fabrication process, a lower cost, and a higher experimental accuracy. It is believed that the BAF should have many practical applications in future optical systems.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related adverse cardiac events in patients with lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Although people are more and more aware of the cardiotoxicity caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the treatment of lung cancer, its incidence rate has not been systematically analyzed. This study aims to evaluate the incidence of cardiotoxicity related to the ICI therapies for lung cancer, so as to enhance clinicians' attention to cardiotoxicity, implement proper prevention and intervention for high-risk patients, and minimize the risk of cardiac dysfunction during and after completion of therapy. METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature search for relevant publications in PubMed and Scopus from inception to 19 April 2022. Pooled incidence and risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for cardiotoxicity events were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 37 studies covering 38 trials, including 14,342 patients, were identified. The pooled risk ratios of incidence of any cardiac AEs were 1.944 [95% CI 0.8-4.725] (Single ICI versus chemotherapy), 1.677 [95% CI 1.065-2.64] (Single ICI plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy), and 0.478 [95% CI 0.127-1.798] (Single ICI versus Dual ICI). The incidence of myocarditis and arrhythmia were 0.003[95%CI 0.002-0.006] and 0.014[95%CI 0-0.037], respectively. CONCLUSION: Single ICI did not increase the risk of cardiotoxicity compared with chemotherapy, and single ICI plus chemotherapy increased the risk of cardiotoxicity by 67% compared with chemotherapy alone. Combination immunotherapy did not increase the risk of cardiotoxicity compared with single ICI.

Update on the classification of higher ranks in the phylum Actinobacteria.

Genome analysis is one of the main criteria for description of new taxa. Availability of genome sequences for all the actinobacteria with a valid nomenclature will, however, require another decade's works of sequencing. This paper describes the rearrangement of the higher taxonomic ranks of the members of the phylum 'Actinobacteria', using the phylogeny of 16S rRNA gene sequences and supported by the phylogeny of the available genome sequences. Based on the refined phylogeny of the 16S rRNA gene sequences, we could arrange all the members of the 425 genera of the phylum 'Actinobacteria' with validly published names currently in use into six classes, 46 orders and 79 families, including 16 new orders and 10 new families. The order Micrococcales Prévot 1940 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Nouioui et al. 2018 is now split into 11 monophyletic orders: the emended order Micrococcales and ten proposed new orders Aquipuribacterales, Beutenbergiales, Bogoriellales, Brevibacteriales, Cellulomonadales, Demequinales, Dermabacterales, Dermatophilales, Microbacteriales and Ruaniales. Further, the class 'Actinobacteria' Stackebrandt et al. 1997 emend. Nouioui et al. 2018 was described without any nomenclature type, and therefore the name 'Actinobacteria' is deemed illegitimate. In accordance to Rule 8 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes, Parker et al. 2019, we proposed the name Actinomycetia which is formed by using the stem of the name Actinomycetales Buchanan 1917 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Zhi et al. 2009, to replace the name 'Actinobacteria'. The nomenclature type of the proposed new class Actinomycetia is the order Actinomycetales Buchanan 1917 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Zhi et al. 2009.

Genome analysis reveals that Nocardiopsis baichengensis Li et al. 2006 is a later heterotypic synonym of Nocardiopsis halophila Al-Tai and Ruan 1994.

A genome-based phylogeny of the publicly available genomes of the genus Nocardiopsis reveals that Nocardiopsis baichengensis YIM 90130T is closely related to Nocardiopsis halophila DSM 44494T. Overall genome relatedness indices between the genomes of the two species were above the threshold values necessary for defining a new species (dDDH, 82.9 %; ANIb, 97.8 %; ANIm, 98.3 %; AAI, 97.7 %). Both species showed a similar G+C content of 73.6 mol% in their genomes. Considering the high similarity between the genomes of the two species, we propose that Nocardiopsisbaichengesis Li et al. 2006 should be reclassified as a later heterotypic synonym of Nocardiopsis halophila Al-Tai and Ruan 1994.

Nocardiopsis deserti sp. nov., isolated from a high altitude Atacama Desert soil.

The taxonomic status of a Nocardiopsis strain, designated H13T, isolated from a high altitude Atacama Desert soil, was established by using a polyphasic approach. The strain was found to have chemotaxonomic, cultural and morphological characteristics consistent with its classification within the genus Nocardiopsis and formed a well-supported clade in the Nocardiopsis phylogenomic tree together with the type strains of Nocardiopsis alborubida, Nocardiopsis dassonvillei and Nocardiopsis synnematoformans. Strain H13T was distinguished from its closest relatives by low average nucleotide identity (93.2-94.9 %) and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (52.5-62.4 %) values calculated from draft genome assemblies and by a range of phenotypic properties. On the basis of these results, it is proposed that the isolate be assigned to the genus Nocardiopsis as Nocardiopsis deserti sp. nov. with isolate H13T (=CGMCC 4.7585T=KCTC 49249T) as the type strain.

Vitreimonas flagellata gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Hyphomonadaceae isolated from an activated sludge sample.

A coccobacilli-shaped proteobacterium, designated strain SYSU XM001T, was isolated from an activated sludge sample collected from JiMei sewage treatment plant, Xiamen, PR China. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SYSU XM001T shared less than 92 % sequence identities with members of the class Alphaproteobacteria, with highest sequence similarity to Aquidulcibacter paucihalophilus TH1-2T (91.6 %; family Hyphomonadaceae, order Rhodobacterales). The strain exhibited growth at 25-37 °C, pH 7.0-9.0 and in the presence of up to 1 % (w/v) NaCl. Its chemotaxonomic features included ubiquinone-10 as the respiratory isoprenologue, iso-C16 : 0, 10-methyl C16 : 0 TSBA and anteiso-C17 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids and monoglycosyldiglyceride, glucuronopyranosyldiglyceride and two unidentified glycolipids as the main polar lipids. The DNA G+C content was determined to be 62.9 % (draft genome). Analyses of the phylogenetic data and differences in the chemotaxonomic and biochemical features from related genera in the family Hyphomonadaceae indicated that strain SYSU XM001T merits representation of a novel species of a novel genus, for which the name Vitreimonas flagellata gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Vitreimonas flagellata is SYSU XM001T (=CGMCC 1.16661T=KCTC 62915T).

Streptomyces cavernae sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from a karst cave sediment sample.

A novel actinobacterial strain, designated SYSU K10008T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a karst cave in Xingyi County, Guizhou Province, south-western PR China. The taxonomic position of the strain was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. Cells of the strain were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive and non-motile. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities and the results of phylogenetic analysis, strain SYSU K10008T was most closely related to Streptomyces cyaneus CGMCC 4.1671T, and shared the highest sequence identity of 98.3 % based on the NCBI database. In addition, ll-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan. The whole-cell sugars were glucose and rhamnose. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-9(H6), while the major fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c/C16  : 1 ω6c). The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and one unidentified lipid. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SYSU K10008T was 70.5 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain SYSU K10008T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces cavernae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SYSU K10008T (=KCTC 39850T=DSM 104115T).

Comparative genomics analysis of Nitriliruptoria reveals the genomic differences and salt adaptation strategies.

The group Nitriliruptoria, recently classified as a separate class of phylum Actinobacteria, has five members at present, which belong to halophilic or halotolerant Actinobacteria. Here, we sequenced the genomes of Egicoccus halophilus EGI 80432T and Egibacter rhizosphaerae EGI 80759T, and performed a comparative genomics approach to analyze the genomic differences and salt adaptation mechanisms in Nitriliruptoria. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that Euzebya tangerina F10T has a closer phylogenetic relationship to Euzebya rosea DSW09T, while genomic analysis revealed highest genomic similarity with Nitriliruptor alkaliphilus ANL-iso2T and E. halophilus EGI 80432T. Genomic differences of Nitriliruptoria were mainly observed in genome size, gene contents, and the amounts of gene in per functional categories. Furthermore, our analysis also revealed that Nitriliruptoria possess similar synthesis systems of solutes, such as trehalose, glutamine, glutamate, and proline. On the other hand, each member of Nitriliruptoria species possesses specific mechanisms, K+ influx and efflux, betaine and ectoine synthesis, and compatible solutes transport to survive in various high-salt environments.

Microlunatus speluncae sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from a Karstic subterranean environment sample.

A novel actinobacterial strain, designated SYSU K12189T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a Karst cave in Xingyi county, Guizhou province, south-western China. The taxonomic position of the strain was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Cells of the strain were observed to be aerobic and Gram-stain positive. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities and phylogenetic analysis, strain SYSU K12189T is closely related to the type strains of the genus Microlunatus, Microlunatus parietis 12-Be-011T (98.5% sequence similarity), Microlunatus nigridraconis CPCC 203993T (98.4%) and Microlunatus cavernae YIM C01117T (96.6%), and is therefore considered to represent a member of the genus Microlunatus. DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain SYSU K12189T and related type strains of the genus Microlunatus were < 70%. In addition, LL-diaminopimelic acid was found to be the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan. The major isoprenoid quinone was identified as MK-9(H4), while the major fatty acids (> 10%) were found to be anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0 and iso-C14:0. The polar lipids were found to contain diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, three glycolipids and two unidentified lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SYSU K12189T was determined to be 69.4 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain SYSU K12189T is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Microlunatus, for which the name Microlunatus speluncae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SYSU K12189T (= KCTC 39847T = DSM 103947T).

Lysobacter prati sp. nov., isolated from a plateau meadow sample.

A novel proteobacterial strain designated SYSU H10001T was isolated from a soil sample collected from plateau meadow in Hongyuan county, Sichuan province, south-western China. The taxonomic position of the strain was investigated using a polyphasic approach. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities and phylogenetic analysis, strain SYSU H10001T was most closely related to Lysobacter soli KCTC 22011T (98.6%, sequence similarity) and Lysobacter panacisoli JCM 19212T (98.2%). The prediction result of secondary metabolites based on genome shown that the strain SYSU H10001T contained 3 clusters of bacteriocins, 1 cluster of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase, 1 cluster of type 1 polyketide synthase and 1 cluster of arylpolyene. In addition, the major isoprenoid quinone was Q-8 and the major fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 and Summed feature 9. The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and three unidentified phospholipids. The genomic DNA G + C content of strain SYSU H10001T was 66.5% (genome). On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain SYSU H10001T represents a novel species of the genus Lysobacter, for which the name Lysobacter prati sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SYSU H10001T (= KCTC 72062T = CGMCC 1.16662T).

Antribacter gilvus gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Promicromonosporaceae from a karstic cavern.

A novel actinobacterium, designated strain CFH 30434T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a karst cave in Luoyang, Henan Province, PR China. The taxonomic position of the strain was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. Cells of the strain were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and coccoid or short rods. The strain was found to be oxidase-positive and weakly catalase-positive. Strain CFH 30434T grew optimally at 28 °C, pH 7.0-9.0 and in the presence of up to 0-1.5 % NaCl (w/v). The whole-cell sugars were glucose, mannose and rhamnose. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-9(H8) and the major fatty acids (>10 % of the total fatty acids compositions) were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15:0 and iso-C14 : 0. The polar lipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, an unidentified phosphoglycolipid, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 72.3 mol%. The results of phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that CFH 30434T clustered within the family Promicromonosporaceae, and closely with the type strains of Xylanimicrobium pachnodae DSM 12657T, Myceligenerans crystallogenes DSM 17134T and Promicromonospora xylanilytica CCTCC AA 208046T (97.3 %, 96.2 and 95.9 % sequence similarities, respectively). Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain CFH 30434T formed a separate evolutionary branch, and was parallel to other related genera of Promicromonosporaceae. Its phylogenetic distinctiveness and distinguishing phenotypic characteristics supported that strain CFH 30434T represents a novel genus of the family Promicromonosporaceae, for which the name Antribacter gilvus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CFH 30434T (=CGMCC 1.13856T=KCTC 49093T).

Nocardia aurea sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from a karstic subterranean environment.

A novel actinobacterium, designated strain SYSU K10002T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a karst cave in Xingyi county, Guizhou province, south-western China. The taxonomic position of the strain was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Cells of the strain were aerobic and Gram-stain-positive. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities and phylogenetic analysis, strain SYSU K10002T was most closely related to the type strains of Nocardiaaltamirensis NBRC 108246T (99.0 % sequence similarity) and Nocardiatenerifensis NBRC 101015T (98.8 %) and is therefore considered to represent a member of the genus Nocardia. DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain SYSU K10002T and the closely related type strains of the genus Nocardia were less than 70 %. In addition, meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The whole-cell sugars were arabinose, ribose and galactose. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-8(H4,ω-cycl), while the major fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C18 : 0 10-methyl. The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and an unidentified glycolipid. Mycolic acids were present. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SYSU K10002T was 67.4 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain SYSU K10002T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardiaaurea sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SYSU K10002T (=KCTC 39849T=DSM 103986T).

Thermus caldilimi sp. nov., a thermophilic bacterium isolated from a geothermal area.

A Gram-stain negative, aerobic bacterium, designated strain YIM 78456T, was isolated from a hot spring sediment, Ngamring county, Tibet, south-west China. The taxonomic position of the isolate was investigated by a polyphasic approach. The novel isolate was found to be aerobic and rod-shaped. Colonies were observed to be pale yellow and circular. The strain was found to grow at pH 7.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), 45-65 °C (optimum, 55 °C) and in the presence of up to 1.5% NaCl. Comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain YIM 78456T and other members of the genus Thermus showed sequence similarities ranging from 90.3 to 97.3%, with strain YIM 78456T showing close sequence similarity to Thermus caliditerrae YIM 77925T (97.3%). The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 78456T forms a distinct clade with T. caliditerrae YIM 77925T. The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-8 and the DNA G+C content was determined to be 65.1 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids (> 10%) were identified as iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C17:0. The polar lipids were found to consist of an aminophospholipid, a phospholipid and glycolipids. On the basis of the morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, as well as genotypic data, it is proposed that strain YIM 78456T represents a novel species of the genus Thermus, for which the name Thermus caldilimi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 78456T (= KCTC 52948T = NBRC 113036T).

Nocardioides speluncae sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from a karstic subterranean environment sample.

A novel actinobacterial strain, designated YIM ART13T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a karst cave in Xingyi county, Guizhou province, South western China. The taxonomic position of the strain was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Cells of the strain were found to aerobic and Gram-stain positive. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain YIM ART13T was found to be closely related to Nocardioides pakistanensis NCCP 1340T (96.1% sequence similarity) and is therefore considered to represent a member of the genus Nocardioides. In addition, LL-diaminopimelic acid was identified as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan. The whole cell sugars were found to be mannose, galactose, glucose and ribose. The major isoprenoid quinone was identified as MK-8(H4), while the major fatty acids (> 10%) were identified as iso-C16:0, C18:1ω9c and C18:0 10-methyl. The polar lipids were found to contain diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside, an unidentified phospholipid. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain YIM ART13T was determined from the draft genome sequence to be 70.1 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain YIM ART13T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides speluncae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM ART13T (= KCTC 39593T = DSM 100493T).

Aestuariisphingobium litorale gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel proteobacterium isolated from a water sample of Pearl River estuary.

Strain SYSU M10002T was isolated from a water sample collected from the coastal region of Pearl River estuary, Guangdong Province, southern China. The taxonomic position of the isolate was investigated by polyphasic taxonomic approaches. The isolate was found to be Gram-negative, non-motile, short rods and aerobic. The strain was able to grow at 14-37 °C, pH 6.0-10.0 and in the presence of up to 0.5% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYSU M10002T is a member of the family Sphingomonadaceae, with high sequence similarity to Sphingorhabdus buctiana T5T (95.1%). Overall genomic related indices between the genome of strain SYSU M10002T and those of related strains were low to moderate (AAI values < 64.3%; POCP values < 58%), indicating that strain SYSU M10002T represents a novel lineage within the family Sphinogomonadaceae. Strain SYSU M10002T contained homospermidine as its polyamine. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, sphingoglycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified aminolipid. Ubiquinone Q-9 (44.9%) and Q-10 (43.2%) were the dominant respiratory quinones, along with a minor amount of Q-8 (11.9%). The predominant cellular fatty acids (> 10%) identified were summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c), summed feature 8 (C18:1ω7c) and C14:0 2-OH. The genomic DNA G+C content was 64.0%. Based on the analyses of the phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain SYSU M10002T is determined to represent a novel species of a novel genus, for which the name Aestuariisphingobium litorale gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the species is SYSU M10002T (= KCTC 52944T = NBRC 112961T).

Ornithinimicrobium cavernae sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from a karst cave.

A novel actinobacterium, designated strain CFH 30183T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a karst cave in Luoyang, Henan Province. The taxonomic position of the strain was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Cells of strain CFH 30183T were observed to be Gram-stain positive, motile, asporogenous and coccoid to rod shaped. The strain was found to be aerobic and oxidase positive. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CFH 30183T was found to be closely related to Ornithinimicrobium murale 01-Gi-040T (97.8% sequence identity). The ANIb/ANIm values between strain CFH 30183T and O. murale DSM 22056T were found to be 80.3%/85.9%. Strain CFH 30183T was found to grow optimally at 28-32 °C, at pH 8.0-9.0 and in the presence of up to 7% NaCl (w/v). Whole cell hydrolysates of strain CFH 30183T contained L-ornithine as the diagnostic diamino acid, and arabinose, glucose, mannose and rhamnose as whole cell sugars. The respiratory quinone was determined to be MK-8(H4), while the major fatty acids were found to consist of iso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0. The polar lipids profile was found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified phosphoglycolipid and four unidentified lipids. The DNA G + C content of strain CFH 30183T was calculated to be 70.9%. Based on the phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data obtained, strain CFH 30183T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Ornithinimicrobium, for which the name Ornithinimicrobium cavernae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CFH 30183T (= KCTC 49018T = CGMCC 1.16393T).