Danger Zones of the Gluteal Anatomy: Improving the Safety Profile of the Gluteal Fat Grafting.

INTRODUCTION: Knowledge of the vascular anatomy is critical to performing safe gluteal surgery. To date, only the course of the main blood vessels within the muscles has been outlined. These findings are based on MRI and CTA images that do not conform to a topographically standardized and normalized probability distribution. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to develop a three-dimensional mapping of the gluteal zones of high vascular density in relation to anatomical landmarks. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This single-center retrospective cohort analysis comprised all consecutive patients who underwent cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans between January 2016 and October 2021. The location of blood vessels in the gluteal region was allometrically normalized in relation to anatomical landmarks. Moreover, the caliber and area of the blood vessels were assessed. RESULTS: CBCT scans of 32 patients with an average age of 64 ± 12 years (range 34-87 years) were included. Fifty-three percent were female. The median [IQR] caliber of the intramuscular gluteal vessels was 1.47 [1.15-1.88] mm, significantly greater than that of the subcutaneous vessels 1.09 [0.72-1.44] mm (p < 0.001). Vascular density was higher intramuscularly, as 4.5% of the area of the muscle was occupied by blood vessels, as opposed to 0.3% in the adipose tissue. CONCLUSION: The analysis of the CBCT scans showed a higher vascular density and larger vessels intramuscularly. We, therefore, recommend the injection of autologous fat merely to the subcutaneous plane. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Safety and Efficacy Study of the Application of Redensified Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid for Filling Gluteal Volume and Cellulite Depressions.

PURPOSE: To test the efficacy and safety of cross-linked hyaluronic acid application for filling buttocks and cellulite depressions and its permanence over time. METHODS: For a period of a year, 25 patients were applied redensified cross-linked hyaluronic acid in the gluteal area. These patients were all 23-45-year-old women with little fat to be removed. The product used is composed of hyaluronic acid with high cross-linking and redensification which allows it to maintain shape and durability over time. All patients underwent tumescent anesthesia with neuroleptic sedation in the operating room. The procedure was regarded as minimal (container, sterile gloves, and surgical field). The amount applied for gluteal augmentation varied from 50 to 100 ml per application area and according to the patient's needs. For the filling of cellulite depressions, the application was up to 3 cc per depression and up to a total of 40 ml. The maximum volume used per patient in the buttocks did not exceed 200 ml, and it did not exceed 40 ml in cellulite depressions. RESULTS: A group of patients was treated in the upper and middle third of the buttocks in superficial and deep subcutaneous layers and in cellulite depressions. Very good results have been obtained without any major complications. CONCLUSIONS: The use of redensified cross-linked hyaluronic acid of non-animal origin is therefore an option for gluteal augmentation and cellulite depressions. Although the product degrades over time, after 12 months, 44% of treated patients rated their results as highly or very much improved, 36% as improved, 16% rated the improvement as poor, and one patient (4%) was dissatisfied. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Complications of Fat Grafting Versus Implants in Gluteal Augmentation: A Retrospective Review and Lessons Learnt.

There have been various studies and literature reviews about gluteal augmentation, possibly due to the high complication rates associated with the procedure. But in the recent past, there has been extensive work in an effort to reduce the complications and various different methods have been developed for this purpose. This article brings to view the procedure followed in our surgery centre for fat grafting and implants for gluteal augmentation. We have compiled the complications we encountered with these procedures and the lessons we learnt to prevent them. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives of Buttock Augmentation: A Bibliometric Analysis from 1999 to 2021.

BACKGROUND: The number of patients undergoing buttock augmentation surgery has increased rapidly with time, changes in people's aesthetic perceptions, and the increased concern for their shape. The number of publications regarding buttock augmentation has also continued to increase. However, no bibliometric analysis concerning buttock augmentation has been published. This study aimed to provide a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of buttock augmentation-related publications using bibliometric analysis and information on research hotspots and trends in this field. METHODS: The buttock augmentation-related publications published between 1999 and 2021 were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database for analysis. The data were analysed and presented using VOSviewer and Microsoft Excel. RESULTS: There were 492 articles in the (WOSCC) database, including 442 (89.84%) original research articles, with the number of publications increasing each year. The USA (208 publications, 42.28%) is the leading contributor in this field and has a high academic reputation. The most productive and co-cited journal on this subject is "Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery" (66 publications, 13.41%, 2200 citations). Cardenas-Camarena (9 publications, 1.83%, 158 citations) was the most published and co-cited author. Research hotspots include the following three topics: experience and technology of buttock augmentation, autologous fat buttock augmentation and its safety, and buttock aesthetics study. There will be more publications in the future, and research trends will focus on silicone implants, safety, satisfaction, and autologous fat grafting. CONCLUSION: Buttock augmentation research is rapidly evolving, and this study provides a perspective view of buttock augmentation research in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Postbariatric plastic surgery - contemporary trends.

Surgical treatment of obesity is complex solution and include several basic tasks, without which treatment would not be successful. The medical care depends on the level of obesity, surgical treatment is indicated for patients with BMI over 35 with complications, otherwise over 40. Postbariatric plastic surgery includes set of pre-operative planning and operating procedures that remove skin excess and reduce the health complications associated with it, mainly return the patient to his normal body and return his lost self-confidence and enables its integration into society. Considerable variability of the condition and the local finding of patients after weight reduction make this part of plastic or general surgery a very heterogeneous area - with spectrum and range of outputs and adaptations after successful treatment of obesity. Keywords: obesity, bariatric surgery, body contouring, lower body lifting, armlift, thightlift, gluteoplasty.

Abdominoplasty and gluteoplasty after massive weight loss: an all-in-one technique.

INTRODUCTION: Patients requesting body-contouring surgery after massive weight loss often present with abdominal and lumbar skin excess as well as gluteal ptosis and loss of gluteal projection. In order to restore gluteal projection a circular abdominoplasty in combination with an autologous gluteal augmentation (all-in-one technique) can be performed. OBJECTIVE: To compare outcomes for patients who underwent a circular abdominoplasty with or without autologous gluteal augmentation. METHODS: In a retrospective study we analyse 24 patients who underwent a circular abdominoplasty between 2006 until 2014 at the University Hospital of Ghent, Belgium. Fourteen patients underwent a classic circular abdominoplasty (4 men and 10 women). Ten patients underwent the all-in-one technique (all women). Mean age was 43 in the classic abdominoplasty group and 41 in the all-in-one technique group. All the patients endured massive weight loss after bariatric surgery. Gluteal augmentation was performed using lumbar dermal fat rotation flaps based on perforators of the 4th lumbar artery. For statistical analysis a Fisher exact tests was used. RESULTS: Postoperative photographs showed that gluteal projection had been increased in patients who underwent the all-in-one technique. The mean operation time in this group was 3h49min versus 2h47min in the group who underwent a classic circular abdominoplasty. The mean hospital stay in both groups was 6 days. Complication rate was comparable between both the groups. CONCLUSION: The all-in-one technique is an efficient method to improve both abdominal and gluteal body contour in patients who endured massive weight loss.

Profile of Patients Undergoing Gluteoplasty.

BACKGROUND: Gluteal augmentation surgery has grown by 42 % per year; however, the epidemiological profile of patients who seek this treatment has never been studied. OBJECTIVE: To establish the epidemiological profile of patients who have undergone gluteoplasty surgery, evaluating their level of satisfaction and the social impact caused by the surgery. METHODS: Fifty patients, with ages ranging from 23 to 57 years replied to a specific questionnaire and the esthetic result of the surgery was evaluated. Thirty-seven patients were analyzed prospectively, using CT scans and gluteal reconstruction. The esthetic result was evaluated by eight plastic surgeon specialists from SBCP. RESULTS: About satisfaction and quality of life, 98 % of the patients demonstrated improvement in some aspect of life. Analysis of the marital status of patients showed that 24 % of them have changed it. Therefore, all cases showed positive correlations between implant size and monthly income, age and satisfaction of patients. There has also been a positive correlation between implant size and recovery time. There was no statistically significant correlation between the esthetic result and the implant volume or the anthropometric measurements. CONCLUSIONS: The epidemiological profile of patients undergoing gluteoplasty augmentation with implants is predominantly white skin, 36 years old, unrelated to the occupation or socioeconomic status. Augmentation gluteoplasty with implants is a surgery with a high level of satisfaction to patients, improving life in many aspects but, mainly, affectively. Its outcome produces a natural look and is hardly noticed by others. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

[Buttocks enhancement using silicone implants: a national practices assessement about 538 patients]. / Augmentation glutéale par implants siliconés : évaluation des pratiques à l'échelle nationale sur 538 patients.

UNLABELLED: Buttock enhancement using gluteal silicone implants is known as a high risk of complications procedure. However, few studies have attempted to quantify the rate of overall complications. The aim of this work is to analyze the rates and types of complications encountered by French plastic surgeons practicing this procedure, and to review their technical choices about incisional access, implant plane, implant type, postoperative instructions, and drain use. We also tried to assess patients global satisfaction rate. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A survey of 17 questions was emailed to French Plastic Surgeons (sent through the channel tamtam@plasticiens.com and emails), the criterias studied included information about number of cases performed, surgical approach used, implant placement plane and implant type, drainage, postoperative instructions, complications experienced and patients satisfaction. RESULTS: Thirteen participants provided data on 538 patients, 84.6% of surgeons used a single incision, 100% favored the intramuscular dissection plane over the subfascial plane, 38% have experienced complications (all types included). The main complications encountered were wound separation (4,4%), seroma (2.2%), infections requiring explantation (1.4%), caspular retraction (1.3%) and asymmetry (3.3%). The global patients satisfaction rate was 8/10. CONCLUSION: Our results show that this procedure remains reliable, and serious complications are rare. It also helps providing an assessment of French plastic surgeons practices with the aim of popularizing this procedure.

Buttock Augmentation with Fat Grafting.

Refined buttock augmentation with fat grafting in Chinese women during the past decade is introduced. The ideal buttock contouring outcome and figure silhouette come from the proper individualized plan and meticulous maneuvers through fat grafting to the buttocks combined with liposuction procedures on the surrounding areas of the buttocks as well as on the other body parts. The fat grafts are collected, filtered, and condensed by gravitation in a sterilized canister during liposuction. It is recommended that fat grafts were only transplanted into the subcutaneous layers and with no injection into the musculatures of the buttocks. High patients' satisfaction was obtained with no major complications and fewer minor complications.

A Novel Two-Step Ultrasound-Guided Technique for Anesthesia and Postsurgery Analgesia in Gluteal Augmentation Surgery.

In recent years, there has been an increase in demand for gluteal augmentation and reshaping surgeries with intramuscular implants which are becoming increasingly popular. Until now, this surgery was mainly performed under general anesthesia, but recently locoregional anesthesia techniques, such as tumescent local anesthesia, are being applied more and more. Today, the use of ultrasound for locoregional anesthesia and analgesia allows us to perform techniques that are increasingly precise and burdened with lower risks. In this report, we present a novel two-step ultrasound-guided technique combining a botox injection in the gluteus maximus four weeks before surgery and tumescent anesthesia with a cluneal nerve block. Furthermore, the combination of anesthetic and analgesic techniques can guarantee a better result both in terms of surgical execution of the intervention and in reducing pain and improving patient comfort in the postoperative period.

Current perceptions of 'Brazilian butt lift' (BBL) surgery in the UK: A BAAPS-led survey of BAAPS members.

BACKGROUND: The BAAPS advice against Brazilian butt lift (BBL) surgery in the UK was set in October 2018. A Delphi study conducted by BAAPS highlighted the importance of defining current practice and perceptions amongst UK surgeons, as this is currently unknown. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate BAAPS members' current practice and perceptions around BBL surgery to ensure patient safety and propose better recommendations. METHODS: A BAAPS-commissioned survey was emailed to all BAAPS members through an on-line link. The survey collected quantitative and qualitative information in several domains. RESULTS: This survey received a 44% response rate. Of 102 respondents, 32 surgeons undertook BBL surgery before the BAAPS advice to halt it. There was a wide variation in actual fat volumes injected, and in perceptions of what constituted a small or large volume. Virtually all respondents (96.9%) performed only subcutaneous fat injections. There were differences in fat harvest techniques. The majority (66.7%) felt that BAAPS should maintain its recommendation against undertaking BBL surgery until further data became available. Nearly a quarter of 102 respondents (20.6%) had been treated for BBL complications, the majority as a result of surgical tourism. CONCLUSIONS: The survey provides member-reported perception and experience with regard to BBL surgery in the UK. The demand for BBL surgery and its provision should be reassessed in the UK. This information will be analysed with further national and international data to better define and shape the scope of the safety of BBL surgery in the UK. BAAPS will use such data towards the production of future guidance and support for surgeons and patients.

The Safe Gluteoplasty: Anatomic Landmarks to Predict the Superior and Inferior Gluteal Veins.

Objective: The increase in demand for gluteal fat grafting seen in recent years in the United States has not been met with an equal gain in knowledge of the perils of this anatomic territory. The purpose of this study was to identify anatomic landmarks that can be readily used by surgeons to identify the takeoff of the superior and inferior gluteal veins. Method: Six fresh cadaveric gluteal specimens were dissected at the University of Louisville anatomy laboratory. A question mark incision was made for exposure, followed by identification of the sciatic nerve in the proximal thigh. This was traced retrograde to the sciatic forearm. The piriformis muscle was identified dividing the foreman into superior and inferior portions, which corresponded to the takeoff of the superior and inferior gluteal vessels, respectively. The distance of the gluteal vessels from the one-third point of a line from the mid-sacrum to the greater trochanter was measured. Result: Our cadaveric dissection series demonstrated that the superior and inferior gluteal veins were on average 3.28 cm (2-5.9 cm) and 1.25 cm (0-3.5 cm) away from the point one third the distance from the mid-sacral border to the greater trochanter. Conclusion: The mid-sacrum and the trochanter of the femur are the anatomic landmarks used to identify the large gluteal vein trunks. Understanding the location and trajectory of these deep gluteal structures with use of readily identifiable landmarks may assist surgeons in avoiding inadvertent injection of fat to these veins during fat grafting.

Intramuscular Gluteal Augmentation: The XYZ Method.

Although interest in buttocks implant procedures is growing around the world, it remains a technically demanding procedure. The intramuscular plane is thought to be superior to other planes of dissection. Asymmetry and visibility of the implants remain frequent complications when the surgeon works without any reference points to guide the procedure. The XYZ method helps the surgeon to obtain symmetry, to significantly reduce implant visibility and to decrease other complications associated with buttocks implants. The method uses the surface anatomy of the boney frame of the pelvis to perform a geometric plane to detach the muscle.

Autologous Flap Gluteal Augmentation: Purse-String Technique.

The ideal patient for purse-string gluteoplasty has buttock deflation and ptosis, and wishes to improve projection. Key elements of the procedure are buttock lifting combined with auto-augmentation, no undermining of auto-augmentation tissue, and use of a purse-string suture to enhance projection of auto-augmentation tissue. Purse-string gluteoplasty is a safe and effective technique to correct buttock ptosis and atrophy.

Lipoinjerto en gluteoplastia. ¿Es un procedimiento seguro? / Fat grafting in gluteoplasty. Is it a safe procedure?

Introducción y objetivo: La gluteoplastia de aumento con lipoinjertos es uno de los procedimientos estéticos más realizados en el mundo, sin embargo, dada su alta tasa de mortalidad frente a los demás procedimientos estéticos, durante la última década se han publicado varios estudios y artículos en busca de recomendaciones para reducir desenlaces fatales. Revisamos la literatura actual para identificar índices de mortalidad, consensuar las recomendaciones encontradas e identificar estudios cadavéricos que permitan cuestionar si este procedimiento es seguro y si las medidas tomadas hasta el momento son suficientes para la seguridad de los pacientes. Material y método: Revisión mediante búsqueda exhaustiva en bases de datos científicas de artículos en cuyo contenido hubiera datos sobre casos nuevos, fisiopatología de complicaciones mayores y menores y estrategias para prevenirlas. Resultados: Obtuvimos 11 documentos: boletines, artículos de revisión, reportes de caso, revisiones sistemáticas y estudios experimentales en cadáveres. Conclusiones: En la lipoinyección glútea, la inyección del lipoinjerto en planos submúsculares supone aumento del riesgo de presentación de complicaciones macroscópicas y microscópicas por la migración de grasa al torrente sanguíneo. A pesar de las múltiples recomendaciones ya establecidas, abogamos por el desarrollo de técnicas que permitan asegurar la lipoinyección en plano subcutáneo. (AU)

Background and objective: Augmentation gluteoplasty with fat grafting is one of the most performed aesthetic procedures in the world, however, given its high mortality rate compared to other aesthetic procedures, during the last decade several studies and articles have been published in search of recommendations for reduce their fatal outcomes. We conduct a literature review in order to identify mortality rates, reach a consensus on the recommendations found, and identify cadaveric studies that may question whether this procedure is safe and whether the measures taken to date will be sufficient for patient safety. Methods: A review article was carried out through an exhaustive search in scientific databases, which included data on new reported cases, pathophysiology of major and minor complications and presented strategies. prevention of these complications. Results: A total of 11 documents were obtained, among which we found bulletins, review articles, case reports, systematic reviews, and experimental studies in cadavers. Conclusions: In gluteal lipoinjection, the injection of the lipograft in submuscular planes implies an increased risk of macroscopic and microscopic complications of fat migration through the bloodstream. Despite the multiple recommendations already established, we advocate the development of techniques that allow graft injection to be ensured subcutaneously. (AU)

Gluteoplastia de aumento con implantes intramusculares para el mejoramiento del contorno corporal / Augmentation gluteoplasty with intramuscular implants to improve the physical measurement i:en

Introducción: La región glútea ha sido considerada una de las zonas más observadas tanto en mujeres como en hombres y constituye un ícono representativo de belleza corporal. En los últimos años se ha incrementado el deseo de las féminas de aumentar esta región anatómica con implantes. Objetivo: Determinar los resultados estéticos de la gluteoplastia de aumento con implantes intramusculares. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, longitudinal y descriptivo de 25 mujeres que acudieron a la consulta externa del Servicio de Cirugía Plástica del Hospital Clínico-Quirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras, desde agosto de 2016 hasta febrero de 2019, para solicitar el aumento de su región glútea con implantes. Resultados: En la serie predominaron el grupo etario de 31 a 40 años (36,0 %) y el fototipo de piel III (88,0 %); asimismo, solo 6 pacientes presentaron complicaciones (24,0 %), entre las cuales sobresalieron el seroma (20,8 %), la asimetría (12,5 %) y la dehiscencia de la sutura (8,3 %). Se observó un aumento significativo de la proyección glútea después de la intervención (α=0,05) y los resultados fueron buenos en la mayoría de las integrantes de la muestra (84,0 %). Conclusiones: La gluteoplastia de aumento con implantes intramusculares es un procedimiento seguro y ofrece resultados estéticos favorables.

Introduction: Gluteal region has been considered one of the most observed areas either in women as in men and constitutes a representative icon of corporal beauty. In the last years the desire of women to increase this anatomical region with implants has been increased. Objective: To determine the aesthetic results of the augmentation gluteoplasty with intramuscular implants. Methods: A prospective, longitudinal and descriptive study of 25 women that went to the Plastic Surgery Service outpatient consultation of Hermanos Ameijeiras Clinical Surgical Hospital was carried out from August, 2016 to February, 2019, to request the increase of the gluteal region with implants. Results: In the series there was a prevalence of the 31 to 40 age group (36.0%) and the skin phototype III (88.0%); also only 6 patients presented complications (24.0%), among which seroma (20.8%), asymmetry (12.5%) and anastomotic dehiscence (8.3%) were notable. A significant increase of the gluteal projection after the intervention was observed (α =0.05) and the results were good in most of the members of the sample (84.0%). Conclusions: The augmentation gluteoplasty with intramuscular implants is a safe procedure and offers favorable aesthetic results.

Reconstruction of gluteal deformities: a systematic review and experience of four cases.

BACKGROUND: The reconstruction of gluteal deformities remains a major challenge. The aim of this article is to provide a systematic review of the literature concerned, and to present a case series with representative defects from various zones. METHODS: A review of the literature was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library, in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Quality of evidence was rated according to GRADE. Patients with various buttock deformities were included and, depending on the defect, the reconstructive techniques applied consisted of lipoinjection, local fasciocutaneous flap, or pedicled gracilis muscle flap. Complications, patient's pain assessment, impairment in everyday-life activities, aesthetic outcome, objective assessment of sensitivity, and recurrence were considered. RESULTS: A total of 498 records were identified in the literature search. Of those, 12 studies met the PICOS (participants, interventions, comparators, outcomes, and study design) criteria. Overall, 41 patients were analysed, the evidence of which was of low quality. In this study, four patients (three female and one male) with a mean age of 44 ± 15 years were operated on between 2010-2014. The mean operation time was 83 ± 30 minutes. One patient required revision due to persistent seroma and recurrence, and one patient required neurolysis and gracilis denervation due to neuroma and scarring. After a mean follow-up of 40 ± 21 months, the results were functionally and cosmetically satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS: Reconstruction of buttock deformities using an integrated approach can lead to a long-lasting, functionally and aesthetically satisfactory result. However, evidence is limited due to the lack of good-quality studies.

Adynamic and dynamic muscle transposition techniques for anal incontinence.

Gracilis muscle transposition is well established in general surgery and has been the main muscle transposition technique for anal incontinence. Dynamization, through a schedule of continuous electrical stimulation, converts the fatigue-prone muscle fibres to a tonic fatigue-resistant morphology with acceptable results in those cases where there is limited sphincter muscle mass. The differences between gluteoplasty and graciloplasty, as well as the techniques and complications of both procedures, are outlined in this review. Overall, these techniques are rarely carried out in specialized units with experience, as there is a high revision and explantation rate.

Gluteoplastía de aumento con implantes de silicona con técnica XYZ: serie de casos / Augmentation gluteoplasty with silicone implants with XYZ technique

Resumen Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas, demográficas, resultados y complicaciones de una serie de pacientes operados de aumento de glúteo con implantes de silicona por medio de la técnica XYZ. Materiales y Método: Serie de casos retrospectiva de pacientes sometidos a gluteoplastía de aumento con implantes de silicona por medio de técnica intramuscular. Se describe la técnica quirúrgica, datos demográficos, antecedentes médico quirúrgicos y complicaciones posoperatorias. Resultados: Entre diciembre de 2014 y junio de 2017 se operaron 19 pacientes. La complicación más frecuente fue dehiscencia de herida operatoria, presentándose en 5 pacientes. Un paciente tuvo hematoma posoperatorio. Dos pacientes tuvieron seroma posoperatorio. Una paciente presentó rotación de un implante. Una paciente se perdió de seguimiento luego del control de retiro de puntos a la 6a semana. Una paciente necesitó reinternación para manejo del dolor. Ningún paciente necesitó reoperación. Ningún paciente presentó infección de herida operatoria. Ningún paciente presentó extrusión ni pérdida de implantes. Discusión: La técnica XYZ es un método efectivo para el tratamiento estético y reconstructivo de la región glútea especialmente en pacientes que no presentan zona dadora suficiente para injerto graso. Las complicaciones descritas son acordes a la literatura, por lo que se recomienda la técnica de gluteoplastía de aumento con prótesis de silicona intramuscular como una técnica reproducible y segura.

Objective: Describing the clinical features, demographics features, outcomes and complications from a serie of patients underwent buttock augmentation with silicone implants with XYZ technique. Material and Methods: Retrospective case series of patients underwent buttock augmentation with intramuscular technique. It Is described the surgical technique, demographics data, comorbidities and post operative complications. Results: Since December 2014 to June 2017 were operated 19 patients. The most frecuent complication was wound dehiscence, it was present in 5 patients. One patient had a postoperative hematoma. Two patients presented seroma. One patient presented implant rotation. One patient left controls after removal the suture in the sixth week. None of patients needed revisional procedures. None of patients presented wound infection. None of patients presented extrusión or implant removal. Discussion: The XYZ technique is a efective method to aesthetic and reconstructive treatment of buttock area, especially in patientes without a suficient donor area to fat graft. The complications described are accord with literatura, that is why buttock augmentation with intramuscular silicone implant is recomended as a reproducible and safe technique.

Circumferential body contouring: the lower body lift.

A 2-position circumferential approach for body contouring of the lower trunk is presented. Mostly indicated in patients after massive weight loss, this approach allows the simultaneous skin resection and reshaping in the abdominal, flank, lateral thigh, back, and gluteal region in the same operation, with only one position change during surgery. Reconstruction of the abdominal wall and gluteal restoration allow volume and shape enhancement with autologous tissue transpositioning. This article explains the required preconditions, assessment of gluteal deformities, and perioperative management of this procedure, and presents common complications.