A noninferiority trial on information-based video versus self-selected video distraction technique for preoperative anxiety reduction in school children: Prepare trial.

BACKGROUND: Distraction techniques using smartphones to watch cartoon videos and play videogames have been successfully used to reduce preoperative anxiety in school children. However, the literature about the use of video-based preoperative information technique for anxiety reduction in that age group still remains understudied with conflicting results. We hypothesized that there would be no meaningful difference in anxiety score at induction period between the information-based video versus self-selected video distraction technique. METHODS: Eighty-two children between 6 and 12 years undergoing surgery were randomized to self-selected video (n = 41) and information-based video (n = 41) distraction group in this prospective, randomized, noninferiority trial. Children in self-selected video group were shown video of their choice using smart phones, while children in the information-based video group were shown video of operation theater (OT) set up and induction procedure. The children were taken inside operating room along with parents watching the respective videos. Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (m-YPAS), just before induction of anesthesia was recorded as the primary outcome. Induction compliance checklist score, anxiety of the parents, and short-term postoperative outcomes in 15 days (telephonically) were recorded as secondary outcomes. RESULTS: The mean difference in the baseline mYPAS score (95% CI) between the two groups was -2.7 (-8.2 to 2.8, p = .33) and -6.39 (-12.74 to -0.44, p = .05) just before the induction period. The upper bound of the 95% CI did not cross the value of 8, which was the noninferiority margin decided prior to study commencement. 70.73% cases had perfect induction in the self-selected video distraction group, compared to 68.29% in the information-based video group. After 15 days of postoperative follow-up, participants in the self-selected video group had a larger proportion of negative outcomes (53.7%) compared to information-based video group (31.7%), p = .044. CONCLUSION: Information-based technique using smart phone is non inferior to self-selected video-based distraction-based technique in decreasing PA with an additional advantage of decreasing postoperative short-term negative outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: CTRI identifier: CTRI/2020/03/023884.

Impact of implementing an online interactive educational tool for future HIV "cure" research in an HIV clinic waiting room in Cape Town, South Africa.

Access to antiretroviral treatment (ART) in South Africa is suboptimal and erratic. For those on treatment, compliance remains a significant challenge. Interruptions to ART have negative implications for the individual and the epidemic. ART is therefore not a sustainable solution and there is an urgent need for a cure. As HIV cure research expands globally, the need to engage community members about cure is becoming a priority. It is vital that potential trial participants understand basic HIV cure research concepts. An online interactive educational tool was co-created with HIV stakeholders to engage and inform HIV research trial participants. The study was conducted with patients at the FAMCRU HIV clinic at Tygerberg Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. The educational tool comprises two modules that provide information on HIV prevention, treatment and cure research. Participants completed a questionnaire before and after interacting with the programme. There was a significant increase in knowledge scores of participants demonstrated after using the tool. The interactive tool was successful in increasing participants' knowledge of HIV prevention, treatment and cure research.

Effectiveness of different parenting interventions on oral hygiene of cerebral palsy children: A randomized controlled trial.

AIM: To assess the effectiveness of different parenting interventions for improving oral hygiene of cerebral palsy (CP) children aged 4-12 years. METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS: A randomized controlled trial was done among 60 CP children and parents visiting a tertiary care center in New Delhi. The study population was randomly assigned to experimental or control group (30 in each group). Parents/caregivers in the experimental group (Group 1) received video-based dental health education (DHE) and the control group (Group 2) received conventional DHE. Each group also received two telephonic reinforcements at fourth and eighth week after the first intervention at baseline. The groups were assessed for sociodemographic, familial factors, medical history, oral hygiene practices, and oral hygiene status. At 3-month follow-up, the mean reduction in simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S), plaque index (PI), and gingival index (GI) scores was 0.27, 0.17, and 0.09, respectively, in Group 1 (P-value < .05). The mean reductions seen in Group 2 were 0.03 in OHI-S, 0.14 in PI, and 0.04 in GI index (P-value < .05, except for GI score: P-value = .6). CONCLUSION: Video-based DHE is effective and brings about significant improvement in oral hygiene status and oral health among CP children.

Development of Audio-visual Aids of Death Education for Hospice Patients and Their Families / 한국호스피스완화의료학회지

PURPOSE: Patients and their caretakers need to understand various problems and requirements in the dying process so that they may prepare for death for the rest of their remaining life. Accordingly, a systematic audio-visual resource was developed to educate hospice patients and their families at the palliative care ward about the process of dying. METHODS: For the development of an audio-visual resource, a initial education material was produced in the form of simple and accessible Power Point handouts based on literature study. Then, the program was completed through five rounds of a process, including expert advice, revision, update and evaluation. RESULTS: The final version of the program was filmed with cooperation of the medical literature information division. Using the program, patients and families were educated through five phases over three sessions for a total 26 minutes and 34 seconds. CONCLUSION: The significance of this study lies in the fact that it was conducted after the establishment of the palliative care ward, which made it easier for nurses provide the education. It is expected that the program may be used by hospice specialists as well as nurses as an education resource for hospice patients and their families.