A selection and targeting framework of cortical locations for line-scanning fMRI.

Depth-resolved functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an emerging field growing in popularity given the potential of separating signals from different computational processes in cerebral cortex. Conventional acquisition schemes suffer from low spatial and temporal resolutions. Line-scanning methods allow depth-resolved fMRI by sacrificing spatial coverage to sample blood oxygenated level-dependent (BOLD) responses at ultra-high temporal and spatial resolution. For neuroscience applications, it is critical to be able to place the line accurately to (1) sample the right neural population and (2) target that neural population with tailored stimuli or tasks. To this end, we devised a multi-session framework where a target cortical location is selected based on anatomical and functional properties. The line is then positioned according to this information in a separate second session, and we tailor the experiment to focus on the target location. Anatomically, the precision of the line placement was confirmed by projecting a nominal representation of the acquired line back onto the surface. Functional estimates of neural selectivities in the line, as quantified by a visual population-receptive field model, resembled the target selectivities well for most subjects. This functional precision was quantified in detail by estimating the distance between the visual field location of the targeted vertex and the location in visual cortex (V1) that most closely resembled the line-scanning estimates; this distance was on average ~5.5 mm. Given the dimensions of the line, differences in acquisition, session, and stimulus design, this validates that line-scanning can be used to probe local neural sensitivities across sessions. In summary, we present an accurate framework for line-scanning MRI; we believe such a framework is required to harness the full potential of line-scanning and maximize its utility. Furthermore, this approach bridges canonical fMRI experiments with electrophysiological experiments, which in turn allows novel avenues for studying human physiology non-invasively.

Towards functional spin-echo BOLD line-scanning in humans at 7T.

OBJECTIVE: Neurons cluster into sub-millimeter spatial structures and neural activity occurs at millisecond resolutions; hence, ultimately, high spatial and high temporal resolutions are required for functional MRI. In this work, we implemented a spin-echo line-scanning (SELINE) sequence to use in high spatial and temporal resolution fMRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A line is formed by simply rotating the spin-echo refocusing gradient to a plane perpendicular to the excited slice and by removing the phase-encoding gradient. This technique promises a combination of high spatial and temporal resolution (250 µm, 500 ms) and microvascular specificity of functional responses. We compared SELINE data to a corresponding gradient-echo version (GELINE). RESULTS: We demonstrate that SELINE showed much-improved line selection (i.e. a sharper line profile) compared to GELINE, albeit at the cost of a significant drop in functional sensitivity. DISCUSSION: This low functional sensitivity needs to be addressed before SELINE can be applied for neuroscientific purposes.

Design of a Linear Wavenumber Spectrometer for Line Scanning Optical Coherence Tomography with 50 mm Focal Length Cylindrical Optics.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has a wide range of uses in bioimaging and nondestructive testing. Larger bandwidth light sources have recently been implemented to enhance measurement resolution. Increased bandwidth has a negative impact on spectral nonlinearity in k space, notably in the case of spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT). This nonlinearity reduces the depth-dependent signal sensitivity of the spectrometers. A grating and prism combination is extensively used for linearizing. In an earlier study, we used a combination of the reflective grating and prism, as well as a cylindrical mirror with a radius of 180 mm, to achieve a high SR ratio with low nonlinearity. A creative design for a spectrometer with a cylindrical mirror of radius 50 mm, a light source with a center wavelength of 830 ± 100 nm (µm-1 - 6.756 µm-1 in k-space), and a grating of 1600 lines/mm is presented in this work. The design optimization is performed using MATLAB and ZEMAX. In the proposed design, the nonlinearity error reduced from 157∘× µm to 10.75∘× µm within the wavenumber range considered. The sensitivity research revealed that, with the new design, the SR ratio is extremely sensitive to the imaging optics' angles. To resolve this, a spectrometer based on Grism is introduced. We present a Grism-based spectrometer with an optimized SR ratio of 0.97 and nonlinearity of 0.792∘× µm (Δθ/Δk). According to the sensitivity study, the Grism-based spectrometer is more robust.

Neuroplasticity-driven timing modulations revealed by ultrafast functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Detecting neuroplasticity in global brain circuits in vivo is key for understanding myriad processes such as memory, learning, and recovery from injury. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is instrumental for such in vivo mappings, yet it typically relies on mapping changes in spatial extent of activation or via signal amplitude modulations, whose interpretation can be highly ambiguous. Importantly, a central aspect of neuroplasticity involves modulation of neural activity timing properties. We thus hypothesized that this temporal dimension could serve as a new marker for neuroplasticity. To detect fMRI signals more associated with the underlying neural dynamics, we developed an ultrafast fMRI (ufMRI) approach facilitating high spatiotemporal sensitivity and resolution in distributed neural pathways. When neuroplasticity was induced in the mouse visual pathway via dark rearing, ufMRI indeed mapped temporal modulations in the entire visual pathway. Our findings therefore suggest a new dimension for exploring neuroplasticity in vivo.

Design and Optimization of a Linear Wavenumber Spectrometer with Cylindrical Optics for Line Scanning Optical Coherence Tomography.

We report the design of a high-efficiency spectral-domain spectrometer with cylindrical optics for line scanning optical coherence tomography (OCT). The spectral nonlinearity in k space (wavenumber) lowers the depth-dependent signal sensitivity of the spectrometers. For linearizing, in this design, grating and prism have been introduced. For line scanning, a cylindrical mirror is utilized in the scanning part. Line scanning improves the speed of imaging compared to fly-spot scanning. Line scanning OCT requires a spectrometer that utilizes cylindrical optics. In this work, an optical design of a linear wavenumber spectrometer with cylindrical optics is introduced. While there are many works using grating and prism to linearize the K space spectrometer design, there is no work on linearizing the k-space spectrometer with cylindrical optics for line scanning that provides high sensitivity and high-speed imaging without the need for resampling. The design of the spectrometer was achieved through MATLAB and ZEMAX simulations. The spectrometer design is optimized for the broadband light source with a center wavelength of 830 ± 100 nm (8.607 µm-1- 6.756 µm-1 in k-space). The variation in the output angle with respect to the wavenumber can be mentioned as a nonlinearity error. From our design results, it is observed that the nonlinearity error reduced from 147.0115 to 0.0149 Δθ*µm within the wavenumber range considered. The use of the proposed reflective optics for focusing reduces the chromatic aberration and increases image quality (measured by the Strehl ratio (SR)). The complete system will provide clinicians a powerful tool for real-time diagnosis, treatment, and guidance in surgery with high image quality for in-vivo applications.

Light-Sheet Microscopy for Surface Topography Measurements and Quantitative Analysis.

A novel light-sheet microscopy (LSM) system that uses the laser triangulation method to quantitatively calculate and analyze the surface topography of opaque samples is discussed. A spatial resolution of at least 10 µm in z-direction, 10 µm in x-direction and 25 µm in y-direction with a large field-of-view (FOV) is achieved. A set of sample measurements that verify the system's functionality in various applications are presented. The system has a simple mechanical structure, such that the spatial resolution is easily improved by replacement of the objective, and a linear calibration formula, which enables convenient system calibration. As implemented, the system has strong potential for, e.g., industrial sample line inspections, however, since the method utilizes reflected/scattered light, it also has the potential for three-dimensional analysis of translucent and layered structures.

Monitoring circulating tumor cells in vivo by a confocal microscopy system.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play a key role in cancer metastasis but are very difficult to detect. in vivo monitoring CTCs has been recognized as an important technique for cancer research and clinical diagnosis. Recently, a noninvasive method, in vivo flow cytometry (IVFC) has been developed to enable continuous, real-time, and long-duration detection of CTCs in animal models by detecting CTC fluorescence in blood vessels excited by lasers. In this study, we present a simple optical scheme for direct noninvasive CTC detection using confocal microscopes. We demonstrate that line scanning of confocal microscopy can provide effective and quantitative CTC detection in live mice during cancer development. Rare CTC signals can be acquired at the early stage of the tumor development after implantation of subcutaneous tumor and monitored continuously to the end. Signals from CTC clusters can also be acquired and distinguished from single CTCs. Our results suggest confocal microscopy is a simple and reliable method for biologists and doctors to use for cancer research. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.

Estimating hemodynamic shear stress in murine peripheral collateral arteries by two-photon line scanning.

Changes in wall shear stress of blood vessels are assumed to be an important component of many physiological and pathophysiological processes. However, due to technical limitations experimental in vivo data are rarely available. Here, we investigated two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy as an option to measure vessel diameter as well as blood flow velocities in a murine hindlimb model of arteriogenesis (collateral artery growth). Using line scanning at high frequencies, we measured the movement of blood cells along the vessel axis. We found that peak systolic blood flow velocity averaged 9 mm/s and vessel diameter 42 µm in resting collaterals. Induction of arteriogenesis by femoral artery ligation resulted in a significant increase in centerline peak systolic velocity after 1 day with an average of 51 mm/s, whereas the averaged luminal diameter of collaterals (52 µm) changed much less. Thereof calculations revealed a significant fourfold increase in hemodynamic wall shear rate. Our results indicate that two-photon line scanning is a suitable tool to estimate wall shear stress e.g., in experimental animal models, such as of arteriogenesis, which may not only help to understand the relevance of mechanical forces in vivo, but also to adjust wall shear stress in ex vivo investigations on isolated vessels as well as cell culture experiments.

Line scanning fMRI reveals earlier onset of optogenetically evoked BOLD response in rat somatosensory cortex as compared to sensory stimulation.

The combination of optogenetic control and fMRI readout in the brain is increasingly used to assess neuronal networks and underlying signal processing. However, how exactly optogenetic activation or inhibition reproduces normal physiological input has not been fully unraveled. To assess details of temporal dynamics of the hemodynamic response, temporal resolution in rodent fMRI is often not sufficient. Recent advances in human fMRI using faster acquisition schemes cannot be easily translated to small animals due to smaller dimensions, fast physiological motion, and higher sensitivity to artefacts. Here, we applied a one dimensional line scanning acquisition with 50ms temporal resolution in rat somatosensory cortex. We observed that optogenetic activation reproduces the hemodynamic response upon sensory stimulation, but shows a 160 to 340ms earlier onset of the response. This difference is explained by direct activation of all opsin-expressing and illuminated cortical layers, while hemodynamic response to sensory stimulation is delayed during intracortical transmission between cortical layers. Our results confirm that optogenetic activation is a valid model for physiological neuronal input, and that differences in temporal behavior of only a few hundred milliseconds can be resolved in rodent fMRI.

A Binocular Color Line-Scanning Stereo Vision System for Heavy Rail Surface Detection and Correction Method of Motion Distortion.

Thanks to the line-scanning camera, the measurement method based on line-scanning stereo vision has high optical accuracy, data transmission efficiency, and a wide field of vision. It is more suitable for continuous operation and high-speed transmission of industrial product detection sites. However, the one-dimensional imaging characteristics of the line-scanning camera cause motion distortion during image data acquisition, which directly affects the accuracy of detection. Effectively reducing the influence of motion distortion is the primary problem to ensure detection accuracy. To obtain the two-dimensional color image and three-dimensional contour data of the heavy rail surface at the same time, a binocular color line-scanning stereo vision system is designed to collect the heavy rail surface data combined with the bright field illumination of the symmetrical linear light source. Aiming at the image motion distortion caused by system installation error and collaborative acquisition frame rate mismatch, this paper uses the checkerboard target and two-step cubature Kalman filter algorithm to solve the nonlinear parameters in the motion distortion model, estimate the real motion, and correct the image information. The experiments show that the accuracy of the data contained in the image is improved by 57.3% after correction.

Dosimetric Comparison Study of Proton Therapy Using Line Scanning versus Passive Scattering and Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer.

BACKGROUND: The proton irradiation modality has transitioned from passive scattering (PS) to pencil beam scanning. Nevertheless, the documented outcomes predominantly rely on PS. METHODS: Thirty patients diagnosed with prostate cancer were selected to assess treatment planning across line scanning (LS), PS, and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Dose constraints encompassed clinical target volume (CTV) D98 ≥ 73.0 Gy (RBE), rectal wall V65 < 17% and V40 < 35%, and bladder wall V65 < 25% and V40 < 50%. The CTV, rectal wall, and bladder wall dose volumes were calculated and evaluated using the Freidman test. RESULTS: The LS technique adhered to all dose limitations. For the rectal and bladder walls, 10 (33.3%) and 21 (70.0%) patients in the PS method and 5 (16.7%) and 1 (3.3%) patients in VMAT, respectively, failed to meet the stipulated requirements. The wide ranges of the rectal and bladder wall volumes (V10-70) were lower with LS than with PS and VMAT. LS outperformed VMAT across all dose-volume rectal and bladder wall indices. CONCLUSION: The LS method demonstrated a reduction in rectal and bladder doses relative to PS and VMAT, thereby suggesting the potential for mitigating toxicities.

Automatic detector synchronization for long-term imaging using confocal light-sheet microscopy.

Light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) is an important tool in developmental biology. In this microscopy technique confocal line detection is often used to improve image contrast. To this end, the image of the illuminating scanned focused laser beam must be mapped onto a line detector. This is not trivial for long-term observations, since the spatial position of the laser beam and therefore its image on the detector may drift. The problem is aggravated in two-photon excitation LSFM, since pulsed laser light sources exhibit a lower laser beam pointing stability than continuous wave lasers. Here, we present a procedure for automatic synchronization between the excitation laser and detector, which does not require any additional hardware components and can therefore easily be integrated into existing systems. Since the recorded images are affected by noise, a specific, noise-tolerant focus metric was developed for calculating the relative displacement, which also allows for autofocusing in the detection direction. Furthermore, we developed an image analysis approach to determine a possible tilt of the excitation laser, which is executed in parallel to the autofocusing and enables the measurement of three solid angles. This allows to automatically correct for the tilting during a measurement. We demonstrated our approach by the observation of the migration of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in two-day-old fluorescent Tg(olig2:eGFP) reporter zebrafish larvae over a time span of more than 20 hours.

Robust high spatio-temporal line-scanning fMRI in humans at 7T using multi-echo readouts, denoising and prospective motion correction.

BACKGROUND: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), typically using blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) contrast weighted imaging, allows the study of brain function with millimeter spatial resolution and temporal resolution of one to a few seconds. At a mesoscopic scale, neurons in the human brain are spatially organized in structures with dimensions of hundreds of micrometers, while they communicate at the millisecond timescale. For this reason, it is important to develop an fMRI method with simultaneous high spatial and temporal resolution. Line-scanning promises to reach this goal at the cost of volume coverage. NEW METHOD: Here, we release a comprehensive update to human line-scanning fMRI. First, we investigated multi-echo line-scanning with five different protocols varying the number of echoes and readout bandwidth while keeping the TR constant. In these, we compared different echo combination approaches in terms of BOLD activation (sensitivity) and temporal signal-to-noise ratio. Second, we implemented an adaptation of NOise reduction with DIstribution Corrected principal component analysis (NORDIC) thermal noise removal for line-scanning fMRI data. Finally, we tested three image-based navigators for motion correction and investigated different ways of performing fMRI analysis on the timecourses which were influenced by the insertion of the navigators themselves. RESULTS: The presented improvements are relatively straightforward to implement; multi-echo readout and NORDIC denoising together, significantly improve data quality in terms of tSNR and t-statistical values, while motion correction makes line-scanning fMRI more robust. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS: Multi-echo acquisitions and denoising have previously been applied in 3D magnetic resonance imaging. Their combination and application to 1D line-scanning is novel. The current proposed method greatly outperforms the previous line-scanning acquisitions with single-echo acquisition, in terms of tSNR (4.0 for single-echo line-scanning and 36.2 for NORDIC-denoised multi-echo) and t-statistical values (3.8 for single-echo line-scanning and 25.1 for NORDIC-denoised multi-echo line-scanning). CONCLUSIONS: Line-scanning fMRI was advanced compared to its previous implementation in order to improve sensitivity and reliability. The improved line-scanning acquisition could be used, in the future, for neuroscientific and clinical applications.

Scytonemin redox status in a filamentous cyanobacterium visualized by an excitation-laser-line-scanning spontaneous Raman scattering spectral microscope.

Some cyanobacteria produce a UVA-absorbing pigment, scytonemin, at extracellular sheaths. Although scytonemin-containing dark sheaths are recognizable through optical microscopes and its redox changes have been known for decades, there has been no report to obtain images of both oxidized and reduced scytonemins at subcellular resolution. Here, we show that a spontaneous Raman scattering spectral microscopy based on an excitation-laser-line-scanning method unveil 3D subcellular distributions of both the oxidized and reduced scytonemins in a filamentous cyanobacterium. The redox changes of scytonemin were supported by comparison in the Raman spectra between the cyanobacterial cells, solid-state scytonemin and quantum chemical normal mode analysis. Distributions of carotenoids, phycobilins, and the two redox forms of scytonemin were simultaneously visualized with an excitation wavelength at 1064 nm that is virtually free from the optical screening by the dark sheaths. The redox differentiation of scytonemin will advance our understanding of the redox homeostasis and secretion mechanisms of individual cyanobacteria as well as microscopic chemical environments in various microbial communities. The line-scanning Raman microscopy based on the 1064 nm excitation is thus a promising tool for exploring hitherto unreported Raman spectral features and distribution of nonfluorescent molecules embedded below nontransparent layers for visible light, while avoiding interference by autofluorescence.

SmaRT2P: a software for generating and processing smart line recording trajectories for population two-photon calcium imaging.

Two-photon fluorescence calcium imaging allows recording the activity of large neural populations with subcellular spatial resolution, but it is typically characterized by low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and poor accuracy in detecting single or few action potentials when large number of neurons are imaged. We recently showed that implementing a smart line scanning approach using trajectories that optimally sample the regions of interest increases both the SNR fluorescence signals and the accuracy of single spike detection in population imaging in vivo. However, smart line scanning requires highly specialised software to design recording trajectories, interface with acquisition hardware, and efficiently process acquired data. Furthermore, smart line scanning needs optimized strategies to cope with movement artefacts and neuropil contamination. Here, we develop and validate SmaRT2P, an open-source, user-friendly and easy-to-interface Matlab-based software environment to perform optimized smart line scanning in two-photon calcium imaging experiments. SmaRT2P is designed to interface with popular acquisition software (e.g., ScanImage) and implements novel strategies to detect motion artefacts, estimate neuropil contamination, and minimize their impact on functional signals extracted from neuronal population imaging. SmaRT2P is structured in a modular way to allow flexibility in the processing pipeline, requiring minimal user intervention in parameter setting. The use of SmaRT2P for smart line scanning has the potential to facilitate the functional investigation of large neuronal populations with increased SNR and accuracy in detecting the discharge of single and few action potentials.

Ultrafast CEST line scanning as a method to quantify mutarotation kinetics.

The process of mutarotation of sugars caused by a balanced reaction between their corresponding α and ß isomers, has been known for almost 200 years. Still, it remains essential in modern biochemical research, as enzymatic reactions catalyzed by mutarotases are crucial for various pathways in the energy metabolism. In our study a fast magnetic resonance technique based on chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) line scanning (LS) was implemented as a method to measure mutarotation kinetics on a 9.4 T small animal MRI scanner. As proof of concept, the isomeric conversion of two hexoses (glucose and galactose) and pentoses (xylose and arabinose) was investigated in an aqueous solution over time. The technique allowed for ultrafast data acquisition without the implementation of complicated encoding schemes and acceleration procedures. Thus, CEST LS provided complete CEST spectra with a frequency step size of 19.6 Hz in less than one minute. For the mutarotation analysis, CEST spectra were acquired over a time duration of four hours and analyzed with four established CEST quantification approaches - based on either asymmetry of CEST spectra or a multi-pool Lorentzian fit. The isomer ratios of the different sugars at equilibrium were determined with an overall accuracy of 94 %, using an adapted 2-side chemical exchange (CE) model. The estimated mutarotation rate constants at 22 °C were in good agreement with conventionally measured reference values, derived from optical and spectroscopic techniques.

A Novel Way to Fill Green Gap of GaN-Based LEDs by Pinning Defects in Nanorod Array.

Nanorod array and planar green-emission InGaN/GaN multi-quantum well (MQW) LEDs were fabricated by lithography, nano-imprinting, and top-down etching technology. The defect-pinning effect of the nanostructure was found for the first time. The ratio of the bright regions to the global area in the panchromatic CL images of green MQW samples increased from 30% to about 90% after nano-fabrication. The overall luminous performance significantly improved. Throughout temperature-dependent photoluminescence (TDPL) and time-resolved PL (TRPL) measurements, the migration and recombination of carriers in the MQWs of green LEDs were analyzed. It was proved that nanostructures can effectively prevent carriers from being captured by surrounding nonradiative recombination centers. The overall PL integral intensity can be enhanced to above 18 times. A much lower carrier lifetime (decreasing from 91.4 to 40.2 ns) and a higher internal quantum efficiency (IQE) (increasing from 16.9% to 40.7%) were achieved. Some disputes on the defect influence were also discussed and clarified.

Beyond correlation: functional OPTO-MAgnetic Integration Concept (OPTOMAIC) to reveal the brain-wide signature of local neuronal signals-of-interest.

Significance: Due to the vascular origin of the fMRI signal, the spatiotemporally precise interpretation of the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response as brain-wide correlate of neuronal activity is limited. Optical fiber-based neuronal calcium recordings provide a specific and temporally highly resolved signal yet lacking brain-wide coverage. The cross-modal integration of both modalities holds the potential for unique synergies. Aim: The OPTO-MAgnetic Integration Concept (OPTOMAIC) extracts the very fraction of the BOLD response that reacts to optically recorded neuronal signals-of-interest. Approach and Results: First, OPTOMAIC identifies the trials containing neuronal signal-of-interest (SoI) in the optical recordings. The long duration of the BOLD response is considered by calculating and thresholding neuronal interevent intervals. The resulting optical regression vector is probed for a positive BOLD response with single-event and single-voxel resolution, generating a BOLD response matrix containing only those events and voxels with both a neuronal SoI and a positive fMRI signal increase. Last, the onset of the BOLD response is being quantified, representing the section of the BOLD response most reliably reporting at least components of the neuronal signal. Conclusions: The seven OPTOMAIC steps result in a brain-wide BOLD signature reflecting the underlying neuronal SoI with utmost cross-modal integration depth and taking full advantage of the specific strengths of each method.

A line through the brain: implementation of human line-scanning at 7T for ultra-high spatiotemporal resolution fMRI.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a widely used tool in neuroscience to detect neurally evoked responses, e.g. the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal. Typically, BOLD fMRI has millimeter spatial resolution and temporal resolution of one to few seconds. To study the sub-millimeter structures and activity of the cortical gray matter, the field needs an fMRI method with high spatial and temporal resolution. Line-scanning fMRI achieves very high spatial resolution and high sampling rate, at the cost of a sacrifice in volume coverage. Here, we present a human line-scanning implementation on a 7T MRI system. First, we investigate the quality of the saturation pulses that suppress MR signal outside the line. Second, we established the best coil combination for reconstruction. Finally, we applied the line-scanning method in the occipital lobe during a visual stimulation task, showing BOLD responses along cortical depth, every 250 µm with a 200 ms repetition time (TR). We found a good correspondence of t-statistics values with 2D gradient-echo echo planar imaging (GE-EPI) BOLD fMRI data with the same temporal resolution and voxel volume (R = 0.6 ± 0.2). In summary, we demonstrate the feasibility of line-scanning in humans and this opens line-scanning fMRI for applications in cognitive and clinical neuroscience.

MoS2/Graphene Photodetector Array with Strain-Modulated Photoresponse up to the Near-Infrared Regime.

MoS2, an emerging material in the field of optoelectronics, has attracted the attention of researchers owing to its high light absorption efficiency, even as an atomically thin layer. However, the covered spectra of the reported MoS2-based photodetectors are restricted to the visible range owing to their electronic bandgap (∼1.9 eV). Strain engineering, which modulates the bandgap of a semiconductor, can extend the application coverage of MoS2 to the infrared spectral range. The shrinkage of the bandgap because of the tensile strain on MoS2 enhances the photoresponsivity in the visible range and extends its sensing capability beyond its fundamental absorption limit. Herein, we report a graphene/MoS2/graphene metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector (PD) array with a strain-modulated photoresponse up to the spectral range of the near-infrared (NIR). The MoS2 PD array on a flexible substrate was stretched in the biaxial direction to a tensile strain level of 1.19% using a pneumatic bulging process. The MoS2-based line-scanning system was implemented by digitizing the output photocurrent of the strained MoS2 linear array with a low-noise complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) readout integrated circuit (IC) and successfully captured vis-NIR images in foggy conditions. Therefore, we extended the application of the MoS2 PD array to the NIR regime and demonstrated its use in real-life imaging systems.