The efficacy of an oscillating-rotating power toothbrush compared to a high-frequency sonic power toothbrush on parameters of dental plaque and gingival inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIM: To establish the efficacy of oscillating-rotating power toothbrush (OR-PTB) compared to high-frequency sonic power toothbrush (HFS-PTB) on improving parameters of plaque and gingival inflammation. Safety and participants' preference were secondary interests. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MEDLINE-PubMed and Cochrane-CENTRAL databases were searched, up to April 2021. Inclusion criteria were (randomized)controlled clinical trials that evaluated healthy humans brushing with an OR-PTB compared to a HFS-PTB. Evaluation for a minimum of 4 weeks, of one or more of the following parameters: plaque index scores (PI), bleeding scores (BS), number of bleeding sites (NoB) and gingival index scores (GI). RESULTS: Thirty two publications involving 38 comparisons were included after the independent screening. The descriptive analysis showed that in 54% of the comparisons, a significant difference in favour of the OR-PTB was found for PI, BS and GI scores. The Quigley and Hein index showed a significant difference of means (DiffM) between the end scores (DiffM 0.13, 95% CI [0.05;0.21] p < 0.001), as well as for the Rustogi-modified Navy index (DiffM 0.01, 95% CI [0.01;0.03] p = 0.002). This is in line with the meta-analysis for BS (DiffM 0.09, 95% CI [0.03;0.14] p = 0.003), for which the results were in favour of the OR-PTB and considered potentially clinically relevant. NoB showed a significant difference in favour of the OR-PTB for the end scores (DiffM 3.61, 95% CI [2.63;4.58] p < 0.00001). No difference in safety was indicated, 78% of participants preferred the OR-PTB. CONCLUSION: For patients to maintain good plaque control and improve gingival health, there is a small but significant difference based on longer-term studies between OR-PTB and HFS-PTB. This difference is potentially clinically relevant.

Dental plaque score reduction with an oscillating-rotating power toothbrush and a high-frequency sonic power toothbrush: a systematic review and meta-analysis of single-brushing exercises.

AIM: To establish the effect of a single-brushing exercise on dental plaque removal using an oscillating-rotating power toothbrush (OR-PTB) as compared to a high-frequency sonic power toothbrush (HFS-PTB). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The MEDLINE-PubMed and Cochrane-CENTRAL databases were searched up to September 2019. The inclusion criteria contained (randomized) controlled clinical trials involving healthy adult participants brushing with an OR-PTB as compared to an HFS-PTB. Plaque index (PI) scores were evaluated after a single-brushing exercise. RESULTS: A total of 15 publications were included, representing 34 comparisons, of which 8 were professional brushing exercises and 26 participant brushing exercises. The potential risk of bias was estimated to be low. In the overall descriptive analysis of 34 comparisons, 19 comparisons showed a statistically significant difference in favour of the OR-PTB and 4 in favour of the HFS-PTB. The meta-analysis using the professional brushing study design showed a significant difference of means (DiffM) in favour of the OR-PTB (PI score) (DiffM 0.19; P < .0001) (95% CI [013; 0.25]). In those studies where the participants brushed themselves, the data were inconclusive. PI scores showed no difference between the two brushes (P = .15), while one plaque index (the Rustogi Modified Navy plaque index) indicated significant favour for the OR-PTB (DiffM 0.06; P = .002) (95% CI [0.02; 0.09]). CONCLUSION: Based on the estimated evidence profile, there is moderate certainty of evidence of a very small but significant beneficial effect on plaque removal after a single-brushing exercise with the OR-PTB over the HFS-PTB.

Oscillating-rotating electric toothbrushes may have a better effect on gingivitis and plaque control than sonic and manual toothbrushes in adults.

ARTICLE TITLE AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION: Grender J, Adam R, Zou Y. The effects of oscillating-rotating electric toothbrushes on plaque and gingival health: A meta-analysis. Am J Dent. 2020 Feb;33(1):3-11. PMID: 32,056,408. SOURCE OF FUNDING: Industry (Procter & Gamble Company). TYPE OF STUDY/DESIGN: Systematic review with meta-analysis of data.

A Comparison of the Effect of Two Power Toothbrushes on the Reduction of Gingival Inflammation and Supragingival Plaque.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the effect of the Philips Sonicare DiamondClean Smart and Oral-B Genius 8000 powered toothbrushes on gingivitis, gingival bleeding, and supragingival plaque reduction following 42 days of home use. METHODS: This was a randomized, parallel, examiner-blinded, prospective clinical trial with two treatment groups. Eligible participants were generally healthy volunteers who were manual toothbrush users, non-flossers, 18-65 years of age. The subject panel included non-smokers with = 50 sites of gingival bleeding according to the Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), and a supragingival plaque score of = 1.8 per Modified Plaque Index (MPI) at 3-6 hours following last tooth brushing encounter. Eligible subjects were randomized to use either a Philips Sonicare DiamondClean Smart with Premium Plaque Control brush head (DCS) or an Oral-B Genius 8000 with FlossAction brush head (OBG) for home use. Each toothbrush was used twice daily for two minutes. All subjects used a standardized fluoride-containing dentifrice. All other oral hygiene measures were prohibited. Subjects returned at Day 14 for an interim compliance and safety assessment, and at Day 42 for the final safety and efficacy assessments. RESULTS: Of 222 enrolled and eligible subjects, 219 completed (112 in the SDC group, 107 in the OBG group) the study. The least squares (LS) mean and 95% confidence interval (CI) estimates for gingivitis reduction and percent reduction per Modified Gingival Index (MGI) following 42 days of product home use were 1.38 (1.30, 1.46) and 51.32% (48.45%, 54.19%) for DCS, and 0.53 (0.45, 0.61) and 20.07% (17.14%, 23.00%) for OBG. The differences, expressed as either reduction or percent reduction, were statistically significant between the two groups, p < 0.001. Statistically significant differences were also observed between products at Day 42 for the gingival bleeding and supragingival plaque reduction endpoints, p < 0.001. There were two reported adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: The Philips Sonicare DiamondClean Smart powered toothbrush reduced gingival inflammation, gingival bleeding, and supragingival plaque significantly more than the Oral-B Genius 8000 powered toothbrush following a 42-day home-use period. Both products were safe for use.

No difference between manual and different power toothbrushes with and without specific instructions in young, oral healthy adults-results of a randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this randomized clinical study was to detect the effect of an instruction within a group using oscillating-rotating (OR), sonic-active (SA), or manual toothbrushes (MTB) in young, oral healthy adults. METHODS: One hundred fifty participants were randomly assigned into six groups (n = 25): with (OR-I, SA-I, MTB-I) and without instruction (OR-NI, SA-NI, MTB-NI). Participants in I subgroups received one standardized instruction of the toothbrush system. At baseline (t0), after 2 (t1), 4 (t2), and 12 weeks (t3), plaque indices including modified Quigley-Hein Index (QHI) and Marginal Plaque Index (MPI) as well as inflammation indices including Papilla Bleeding Index (PBI) and Gingival Index (GI) were assessed. Kruskal-Wallis test, Friedman test, and chi-square or Fisher's exact test (p < 0.05) were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-one participants completed the follow-up and were analyzed: OR-I = 21, OR-NI = 22, SA-I = 22, SA-NI = 22, MTB-I = 22, and MTB-NI = 22. Within groups between t0 and t3, OR and SA systems showed a significant plaque reduction, irrespective of instruction (p i < 0.05). In MTB-I and in SA-NI subgroups, a reduction of GI was detected, while an improvement in PBI within SA-I was found (p i < 0.05). Thereby, after 12 weeks, gingival inflammation and plaque indices were comparable between all subgroups (p i > 0.05). Irrespective of the toothbrush system used, only QHI was positively influenced by instruction (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The used toothbrush as well as the presence or absence of a single brush-specific instruction has no influence on plaque removal and reduction of gingival inflammation in young, oral healthy adults in an observation period of 12 weeks. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A single instruction might bring no benefit in this patient group, independently of the used toothbrush system.

A new tooth brushing approach supported by an innovative hybrid toothbrush-compared reduction of dental plaque after a single use versus an oscillating-rotating powered toothbrush.

BACKGROUND: An innovative hybrid toothbrush was designed functioning either in manual mode, in powered mode (sonic) or in combined mode (manual and powered). The primary aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy of this first hybrid toothbrush (Elgydium Clinic/Inava Hybrid) used in combined mode to a marketed oscillating-rotating powered toothbrush (Oral-B Vitality) in the reduction of dental plaque after a single use. The secondary aims were to evaluate the tolerance and acceptability of each device. METHODS: It was a randomized, examiner-blind, single-center study performed on two parallel groups: hybrid toothbrush (n = 33) versus oscillating-rotating toothbrush (n = 33). A brushing exercise was conducted for two minutes on subjects presenting a "Silness and Löe Plaque Index" (PI) between 1.0 and 2.0 and a "Modified Gingival Index" between 1.0 and 2.0. They were not to have ever used an electric toothbrush. To assess the device effect after brushing, a paired t-test was applied on the change outcome (After-Before brushing). An unpaired t-test was used to compare the efficacy of both devices. A global tolerance assessment of each powered toothbrush was done on all the subjects. The number and percentage of reactions related to each toothbrush was collected and the final tolerance assessment was estimated. RESULTS: After a single use, the hybrid toothbrush used in combined mode presented a global anti-plaque efficacy characterized by a significant decrease of the global PI of 45% on average (p < 0.0001; paired t-test). It was as effective as the oscillating rotating toothbrush in plaque removal (p > 0.05; unpaired t-test). The global tolerance of both toothbrushes was judged as "Good" and they were equally appreciated by the users. CONCLUSION: The results of this one-time use trial demonstrate the efficacy of the hybrid toothbrush used in combined mode for plaque removal. The hybrid toothbrush design allows each user to adapt tooth brushing to his preference (manual / sonic / combined), his skills or his mouth condition. We hypothesize that such an individualized approach can favor long term compliance with oral health recommendations and improve global oral wellness. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN12394494 , 20/02/2018 - Retrospectively registered.

A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of an Oscillating-Rotating Electric Toothbrush, a Stannous Fluoride Dentifrice, and Floss on Gingivitis.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the gingival health efficacy of an oscillating-rotating electric toothbrush, a stannous fluoride dentifrice, and dental floss in adults with mild-to-moderate gingivitis. METHODS: This was a single-center, randomized, controlled, examiner-blind, two-treatment, eight-week parallel group study in adults with at least 20 gingival bleeding sites. Eligible subjects were randomized equally to one of two groups: experimental oral hygiene group that included an Oral-B® oscillating-rotating electric toothbrush with round brush head (D20/EB20), Crest® stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice (SnF2 1100 ppm F, NaF 350 ppm F), and Oral-B® Glide® floss; or regular oral hygiene control group that included a regular manual toothbrush (Oral-B® Indicator 35) and Crest® anti-cavity sodium fluoride dentifrice (NaF 1450 ppm F). Subjects followed manufacturer's instructions and used their assigned products over an eight-week period. Gingival health was measured at baseline, Week 4, and Week 8 using three assessments: Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), number of bleeding sites, and Modified Gingival Index (MGI). Analysis of Covariance was used to compare gingival health between treatment groups. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty subjects, mean age 44 years (range: 21 to 74 years), were assessed at baseline (60 per group); 113 subjects (57 in control group, 56 in experimental group) completed the study with fully evaluable data. At baseline, the groups were balanced; overall means were 0.41 for GBI, 51.7 for bleeding sites, and 1.44 for MGI. Only the experimental group showed statistically significant reductions from baseline (p < 0.0001) for all three gingivitis assessments at both Weeks 4 and 8. At these time points, better gingival health for the experimental group was seen as significantly lower adjusted mean scores versus the control group (p < 0.0001) for all three assessments. Reductions in favor of the experimental group at Weeks 4 and 8, respectively, were 51% and 45% for GBI, 46% and 40% for number of bleeding sites, and 37% and 20% for MGI. The study treatments were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Over an eight-week period, an oral hygiene routine with an oscillating-rotating electric toothbrush, stannous fluoride dentifrice, and floss significantly improved gingivitis compared to regular hygiene with a manual toothbrush and an anti-cavity sodium fluoride dentifrice.

Gingivitis Models - Relevant Approaches to Assess Oral Hygiene Products.

OBJECTIVES: To review the application of gingivitis prevention and treatment models to assess the efficacy of mechanical and chemotherapeutic oral hygiene interventions following shorter- and longer-term use. METHODS: Representative published clinical trials evaluating the shorter- and longer-term anti-gingivitis efficacy of stannous fluoride dentifrice, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) rinse, and oscillating-rotating (O-R) electric rechargeable toothbrushes were reviewed. Key gingivitis indices, including the Löe-Silness Gingival Index (LS), Lobene Modified Gingival Index (MGI), Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), Papillary Bleeding Index (PIBI), and the Mazza modification of the PIBI (Mazza GI), were evaluated for their relative validity and sensitivity in evaluating prevention and treatment outcomes. RESULTS: Twenty clinical trials were evaluated, including 11 treatment studies and 9 prevention trials. Collectively, the findings demonstrated the efficacy of stabilized stannous fluoride toothpaste, CPC rinses, and O-R electric toothbrushes in improving gingival health both in longer-term prevention and shorter-term treatment models. The studies employed various frequently used gingivitis indices. The indices were sufficiently sensitive to elucidate treatment differences. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this review, gingivitis prevention and treatment studies are valid approaches to show treatment effects, and their utilization is dependent upon whether the intention is to evaluate "reducing the onset of gingivitis" or "reducing the severity of existing gingivitis." Various indices, including the LS, MGI, GBI, PIBI, and Mazza GI indices, provide valid measurements for evaluating gingivitis in treatment and prevention models. Shorter-term treatment models allow for efficient efficacy evaluation in clinically relevant populations with existing disease.

An 8-Week Clinical Comparison of an Oscillating-Rotating Electric Rechargeable Toothbrush and a Sonic Toothbrush in the Reduction of Gingivitis and Plaque.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of a marketed oscillating-rotating electric rechargeable toothbrush to a marketed sonic toothbrush in the reduction of gingivitis and plaque over an 8-week period. METHODS: This was a randomized, examiner-blind, parallel group, eight-week study. Subjects with presence of mild-to-moderate plaque and gingivitis received an oral examination and were evaluated for baseline gingivitis (Modified Gingival Index; MGI), gingival bleeding (Gingival Bleeding Index; GBI), and plaque (Rustogi Modified Navy Plaque Index). Qualified subjects were randomly assigned to an entry-level oscillating-rotating electric rechargeable brush handle (Oral-B® PRO 1000, D16U) with a round brush head with angled bristles (Oral-B® CrossAction, EB50) or a premium sonic brush (Philips Sonicare® Diamond Clean Toothbrush with AdaptiveClean brush head). One hundred and fifty subjects were instructed to brush twice daily with their assigned brush and a fluoride dentifrice for eight weeks before returning for an oral examination and gingivitis and plaque evaluations. The same methods were used at baseline and Week 8 for all evaluations. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-eight subjects completed the study, 74 in each group. After eight weeks of use, both brushes reduced MGI, GBI, total number of bleeding sites, whole mouth plaque, gingival margin plaque, and proximal plaque (p < 0.001 for each). The oscillating-rotating brush provided statistically significantly greater reductions than the sonic brush for all gingivitis measures, with a 34.8%, 48.4%, and 42.6% greater reduction for MGI, GBI, and number of bleeding sites, respectively, after eight weeks of use (p < 0.001 for each). Significantly greater whole mouth (26.2%) and proximal (38.5%) plaque reductions were also demonstrated at Week 8 for the oscillating-rotating brush versus the sonic brush (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The entry-level oscillating-rotating brush performed better than the premium sonic brush in the reduction of plaque and gingivitis in this eight-week randomized and examiner-blind study.

A Comparison of the Effect of Two Power Toothbrushes on the Gingival Health and Plaque Status of Subjects with Moderate Gingivitis.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the effect of the Philips Sonicare DiamondClean plus Premium plaque control brush head with the Oral-B 7000 plus CrossAction brush head on gingivitis and supragingival plaque reduction following a 42-day period of home use. METHODS: This was a randomized, parallel, examiner-blind, prospective clinical trial conducted on generally healthy subjects. Eligible subjects met the following eligibility criteria: age 18-65, non-smoker, routine manual toothbrush user, ≥ 50 sites of gingival bleeding per the Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), and ≥ 1.8 plaque score per the Modified Plaque Index (MPI), assessed three to six hours following the last oral hygiene procedure. Eligible subjects were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to use either a Philips Sonicare DiamondClean with Premium plaque control brush head power toothbrush (SPC) or an Oral-B® 7000 with CrossAction™ brush head power toothbrush (OCA), for twice daily home use over a period of 42 days. All subjects were dispensed a standard fluoride-containing dentifrice and both toothbrushes were to be used in their respective Deep Clean modes. Safety and efficacy evaluations were performed at 14 and 42 days following Baseline. RESULTS: Two-hundred eighty-four subjects completed this trial (142 subjects per treatment group). Least squares mean (95% CI) estimates for reduction and percent reduction of gingivitis per Modified Gingival Index (MGI) following 42 days of product use for the SPC group were 1.17 (1.10, 1.24) and 45.68% (42.95%, 48.40%); for the OCA group they were 0.69 (0.62, 0.76) and 26.83% (24.10%, 29.56%). The mean difference (95% CI) between the two treatment groups was 0.48 (0.38, 0.58) and 18.85% (14.99%, 22.70%) for reduction and percent reduction, respectively. The lower limit of the 95% CI for the difference in Overall score between the two treatment groups was greater than the predefined non-inferiority margin (i.e., -0.10 or -5%); therefore SPC was declared non-inferior to OCA. In addition, since the 95% CI for the difference did not include zero, SPC was declared superior to OCA in the reduction of gingivitis per MGI at Day 42 (p-value < 0.0001). Similarly, for MGI at Day 14 and for GBI and MPI at Day 14 and Day 42, significantly larger reductions were observed for SPC compared to OCA (p-value < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Philips Sonicare DiamondClean with Premium plaque control brush head (SPC) was statistically superior to the Oral-B 7000 with CrossAction brush head (OCA) in reducing gingival inflammation, gingival bleeding, and supragingival plaque following 14 and 42 days of home use. Both products were safe for use.

Three-year randomized study of manual and power toothbrush effects on pre-existing gingival recession.

AIM: To compare long-term effects of brushing with an oscillating-rotating power toothbrush or an ADA reference manual toothbrush on pre-existing gingival recession. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this controlled, prospective, single-blind, parallel-group study, healthy subjects with pre-existing recession were randomized and brushed with a power toothbrush (n = 55) or an ADA reference manual toothbrush (n = 54) for a 3-year study period. Subjects were required to brush their teeth twice daily for 2 min. using a standard fluoride toothpaste. During the study, subjects were assessed for clinical attachment loss and probing pocket depths to the nearest mm at six sites per tooth by the same calibrated examiner. Gingival recession was calculated at pre-existing sites as the difference between clinical attachment loss and probing pocket depths. Hard and soft oral tissues were examined to assess safety. RESULTS: After 35 ± 2 months, mean gingival recession did not differ significantly between groups, but was significantly reduced from baseline (p < 0.001), from 2.35 ± 0.35 mm to 1.90 ± 0.58 mm in the power and from 2.26 ± 0.31 mm to 1.81 ± 0.66 mm in the manual group. CONCLUSIONS: Gingival recession in subjects with pre-existing recession was significantly reduced after 3 years of brushing with either a power or manual toothbrush.

The Effect of Different Electric Toothbrush Technologies on Interdental Plaque Removal: A Systematic Review with a Meta-Analysis.

The removal of dental plaque from the gingival margins of the teeth is essential to maintaining periodontal health. Whilst it has been established that electric toothbrushes demonstrate a greater ability to remove plaque, no systematic review has specifically investigated which technology is better for removing plaque from the interdental tooth surfaces, where plaque control may be more difficult. Three databases were searched until October 2023: MEDLINE and DOSSS via EBSCOhost and Embase. Data extraction was carried out on studies which met the inclusion criteria, and a risk of bias assessment was completed. The study findings were combined via a narrative synthesis and a meta-analysis where appropriate. A total of 77 studies were found, out of which 14 were selected and included in the analysis. The mean difference in interproximal plaque reduction, measured using the Rustogi Modified Naval Plaque Index (RMNPI) at 8 weeks, was 0.09 (p < 0.00001) in favor of the oscillating-rotating toothbrush. At 6 and 12 weeks, the mean difference in plaque reduction (RMNPI) was 0.05 (p = 0.0008) and 0.04 (p = 0.0001) in favor of the oscillating-rotating toothbrush, respectively. The studies show a tendency for oscillating-rotating toothbrushes to remove more interproximal plaque than oscillating toothbrushes, especially in a short time (8 weeks).

Randomized controlled trial assessing plaque removal of an oscillating-rotating electric toothbrush with micro-vibrations.

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to assess plaque removal potential of a newly designed oscillating-rotating (O-R) electric rechargeable toothbrush with micro-vibrations compared to a manual toothbrush. METHODS: This was a randomized single-brushing, two-treatment, examiner-blind, replicate-use, four-period crossover design study, conducted with three cohorts of nine subjects each, with all subjects using each toothbrush twice. Test toothbrushes included a new O-R rechargeable electric toothbrush with micro-vibrations (Oral-B iO prototype) and a manual American Dental Association (ADA) reference toothbrush. On each of the four study visits, subjects refrained from oral hygiene for 12 hours prior. At each visit, subjects received a pre-brushing plaque examination, brushed with their assigned toothbrush and a marketed fluoride dentifrice and then received a post-brushing plaque examination. Plaque was assessed using the expanded Turesky Modified Quigley-Hein Plaque Index. Treatment comparison analyses were two-sided and carried out at the 5% significance level. RESULTS: All 27 randomized subjects (mean age = 42.0 years) completed the trial. Both brushes produced significant plaque reductions versus baseline (P < 0.001). The O-R electric brush provided statistically significantly greater plaque reductions in all regions compared to the regular manual toothbrush, with a between-treatment difference of 0.929 for whole mouth plaque, 0.965 for proximal plaque, 1.029 for lingual plaque and 0.815 for facial plaque (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). Additionally, use of the novel O-R brush yielded greater brushing evenness/consistency when comparing the facial and lingual mean plaque removal differences relative to manual brushing (P = 0.001). Both brushes were well-tolerated. CONCLUSION: The novel O-R toothbrush with micro-vibrations produced significantly greater plaque reductions compared to the manual toothbrush.

An 8-week randomized controlled trial comparing the effect of a novel oscillating-rotating toothbrush versus a manual toothbrush on plaque and gingivitis.

PURPOSE: To compare a novel oscillating-rotating (O-R) electric rechargeable toothbrush with micro-vibrations (Oral-B iO) to a manual brush for gingivitis and plaque reduction. METHODS: Adult subjects with gingivitis and plaque were randomized to use either the O-R or the manual toothbrush with standard fluoride dentifrice twice daily. Efficacy was assessed at baseline, week 1, and week 8 using the Rustogi Modification of the Navy Plaque Index (RMNPI), Modified Gingival Index (MGI), and Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI). Gingivitis status ('healthy'/'not healthy') was also assessed, per the American Academy of Periodontology/European Federation of Periodontology criteria. RESULTS: One hundred and ten subjects were enrolled and completed the randomized controlled trial. The baseline mean number (SD) of bleeding sites for all subjects was 32.11 (16.703). At week 8, 82% of subjects using the O-R toothbrush were categorized as 'healthy' (<10% bleeding sites), versus 24% of subjects using the manual brush (P < 0.001). Subjects using the O-R toothbrush showed statistically significantly greater reductions (P < 0.001) in the number of bleeding sites, GBI scores and MGI scores versus those using a manual toothbrush as early as 1 week and throughout the 8-week study. The O-R toothbrush also provided statistically significantly greater reductions (P < 0.001) in all plaque measures, including sub-regions, versus the manual toothbrush after a single brushing and at weeks 1 and 8. CONCLUSIONS: The novel O-R electric toothbrush with micro-vibrations provided statistically significantly greater plaque and gingivitis reductions versus a manual toothbrush, with performance benefits demonstrated after a single brushing and continuing throughout the 8-week study.

Introducing the Oral-B iO electric toothbrush: next generation oscillating-rotating technology.

PURPOSE: A novel oscillating-rotating electric toothbrush (Oral-B iO) has been developed with a linear magnetic drive, resulting in oscillation-rotations with micro-vibrations. The mechanism directs motor energy directly to the bristle tips. The brush also has a redesigned round brush head and smart pressure sensor to enhance plaque removal and encourage proper brushing technique. METHODS: The plaque removal and gingival health effects of this new electric toothbrush technology were evaluated in three randomized controlled studies summarized in this supplement, including an 8-week trial versus a manual toothbrush, an 8-week trial versus a premium sonic toothbrush, and a single-brushing, repetitive-use study versus a manual toothbrush. RESULTS: Outcomes from these studies demonstrate statistically significantly greater plaque removal and gingival health improvements for the Oral-B iO toothbrush technology versus manual and sonic toothbrush controls. Plaque removal advantages demonstrated in the replicate-use single-brushing trial resulted in significant gingival health benefits as evidenced in the longer-term trials. In addition, gingivitis case status assessments based on the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) and European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) guidelines show that over 80% of subjects using the Oral-B iO transitioned from 'gingivitis' (≥10% bleeding sites) at baseline to 'generally healthy' (<10% bleeding sites) at week 8 in both longer-term clinical trials, versus 24% in the manual toothbrush group and 53% in the sonic toothbrush group. CONCLUSIONS: This uniquely designed oscillating-rotating electric toothbrush with a linear magnetic drive delivers significantly greater plaque removal and gingival health benefits with additional features to improve brushing experience and clinical outcomes.

Evaluation of an oscillating-rotating toothbrush with micro-vibrations versus a sonic toothbrush for the reduction of plaque and gingivitis: results from a randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE: To compare a novel oscillating-rotating (O-R) electric rechargeable toothbrush with micro-vibrations to a marketed premium sonic toothbrush for reduction of gingivitis and plaque in an 8-week randomized controlled trial. METHODS: Adult subjects with evidence of gingivitis and plaque were randomized to use either the novel O-R brush (Oral-B iO) or the sonic brush with sodium fluoride dentifrice twice daily. Assessments at baseline and week 8 included the Rustogi Modification of the Navy Plaque Index (RMNPI), Modified Gingival Index (MGI), and Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI). Gingivitis status ('healthy'/'not healthy') was classified per the American Academy of Periodontology/European Federation of Periodontology criteria. RESULTS: Ninety subjects were randomized to treatment and completed the study. Subjects had a mean age of 49.2 years; 68 were females. At baseline, the mean number (standard deviation [SD]) of bleeding sites for all subjects was 32.8 (16.43). At week 8, the O-R brush group had a higher percentage of 'healthy' gingiva subjects than the sonic brush group (84% vs. 53% P = 0.003). In the between-group comparisons at week 8, the O-R brush group showed statistically significantly greater reductions (P < 0.001) compared to the sonic group for MGI, GBI, and number of bleeding sites. The O-R brush group also had statistically significantly greater plaque removal (P ≤ 0.011) than the sonic brush group for whole mouth plaque as well as plaque in the proximal regions and along the gingival margin. CONCLUSIONS: The novel O-R electric toothbrush with micro-vibrations provided greater plaque and gingivitis reductions than the marketed premium sonic toothbrush over 8 weeks.

Factors Associated with Dental Plaque, Gingivitis, and Caries in a Pediatric Population: A Records-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

This retrospective, cross-sectional study evaluated dental records of 1000 healthy children to determine factors associated with plaque, gingivitis, and caries. A logistic model for plaque and gingivitis (mild versus moderate/severe) and caries (yes/no) was carried out separately for each variable using the following potential factors: Age, Gender, Brush Type, Starting Age of Brushing, Brushing Frequency, and Bite Type. Data from 998 children (median age: 4 years, 10 months (range: 2.5-7 years)) were analyzed. Sixty-four percent were manual toothbrush users; 36% were oscillating-rotating electric toothbrush users. For plaque and gingivitis, but not caries, Brush Type was more impactful than Brushing Frequency. Age influenced the severity of plaque and gingivitis, with increases in the odds of having moderate/severe plaque or gingivitis associated with increasing age. The probability of caries increased until approximately age 5 and then decreased until age 7. Oscillating-rotating brush users were more likely to present with less plaque, gingivitis, and caries, with 6.0, 5.1, and 1.4 times greater odds of having mild (versus moderate/severe) plaque, less severe gingivitis, and being caries-free, respectively, than manual brush users. Similarly, brushing twice daily and starting brushing at an earlier age were associated with better oral health outcomes. Children with anterior bite abnormalities had increased odds of developing moderate/severe plaque and gingivitis than children with normal anterior bites. Gender was not a statistically significant factor associated with plaque, gingivitis, or caries. Children's oral health is influenced by toothbrush type, starting age of brushing, compliance with twice-daily brushing, and bite abnormalities.