1.
Rev Environ Health
; 34(4): 349-363, 2019 Dec 18.
Artigo
em Inglês
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-31271562
RESUMO
Manufactured doubt describes the efforts used by organizations or individuals to obscure the harmful effects of their products or actions by manipulating science. Although approaches to do so are widely used, relevant stakeholders are often unaware of these tactics. Here, we examine the strategies used in five cases of manufactured doubt: tobacco and adverse health; coal and black lung; Syngenta and the herbicide atrazine; the sugar industry and cardiovascular disease; and the Marshall Institute and climate change. By describing the tactics used in these cases, effective methods for identifying and countering instances of manufactured doubt can be generated.
Assuntos
Atrazina/administração & dosagem , Mudança Climática , Carvão Mineral/efeitos adversos , Enganação , Indústrias/estatística & dados numéricos , Nicotiana/efeitos adversos , Açúcares/efeitos adversos , Antracose/etiologia , Antracose/psicologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/induzido quimicamente , Herbicidas/efeitos adversos , Humanos
2.
Scott Econ Soc Hist
; 22(2): 111-33, 2002.
Artigo
em Inglês
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-19489173