Bilateral corneal dermoids associated with bilateral choroido-scleral colobomas in a cat: retinographic and optical coherence tomography study with surgical outcome and follow-up.

PURPOSE: To report a case of feline bilateral corneal dermoids, associated with unilateral iris coloboma and bilateral choroido-scleral colobomas in the same dorsolateral position, to describe retinographic and optical coherence tomography (OCT) characteristics, surgical outcome, and follow-up. ANIMAL STUDIED: A 9-month-old domestic shorthaired cat in which a full ophthalmoscopic examination was performed for evaluation of dermoids resulting in a diagnosis of associated iris coloboma in one eye and posterior colobomas in both eyes. PROCEDURES: Retinographies and OCT were performed under anesthesia to characterize the lesions of both fundi and allow surgical excision of the corneal dermoids. RESULTS: Ophthalmoscopy and retinographies revealed oval lesions in the dorsolateral fundi of both eyes. The lesions precisely mirrored their respective dermoids' (10-11 h OD and 1-2 h OS) clock positions, lacked a tapetum lucidum and choroidal vessels, and featured thin retinal vessels plunging to a posterior plane of the fundus. OCT crossline scans demonstrated preservation of retinal thickness and morphological layering in the fundic colobomas leading to the conclusion that the colobomas were purely choroido-scleral. The outcome of the surgical excision of the dermoids was satisfactory without hair recurrence and with acceptable corneal clarity making it possible to visualize the unilateral associated iris coloboma. Follow-ups did not reveal any fundic evolution nor retinal detachment. CONCLUSIONS: Retinographies and OCT made possible the characterization of choroido-scleral colobomas associated with corneal dermoids in this first reported case in a cat. We hypothesize that the recently described superior ocular sulcus might be the embryological link between these anomalies.

Locally extensive follicular hamartomas with concurrent follicular cysts and dermoid cysts on the head of a dog.

A 5-month-old, male intact Australian shepherd dog was presented with nodular lesions affecting the dorsal head. A locally diffuse form of follicular hamartomas, with concurrent dermoid cysts and follicular cysts, was diagnosed by histopathological examination. Complete surgical excision of the affected skin and closure with a subdermal plexus advancement flap led to long-term resolution.

Un berger australien mâle intact âgé de 5 mois a été présenté avec des lésions nodulaires affectant la face dorsale de la tête. Une forme localement diffuse d'hamartomes folliculaires, avec des kystes dermoïdes et des kystes folliculaires concomitants, a été diagnostiquée par examen histopathologique. L'éxérèse chirurgicale complète de la peau atteinte et la fermeture avec un lambeau d'avancement du plexus sous-cutané ont conduit à une résolution à long terme.

Un perro pastor australiano macho entero de 5 meses de edad se presentó con lesiones nodulares que afectaban el dorso de la cabeza. Mediante examen histopatológico se diagnosticó una forma localmente difusa de hamartomas foliculares, con quistes dermoides y quistes foliculares concurrentes. La escisión quirúrgica completa de la piel afectada y el cierre con una zona avanzada en colgajo del plexo subdérmico condujo a una resolución a largo plazo.

Ocular dermoids in dogs: A retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical features of dogs diagnosed with ocular dermoids at two veterinary teaching hospitals. ANIMALS STUDIED: Retrospective case series of 44 dogs (49 dermoids) with ocular dermoids. PROCEDURES: Medical records of dogs evaluated by the Cornell University and University of Pennsylvania ophthalmology services were evaluated to identify dogs with a clinical diagnosis of ocular dermoids between 2004 and 2018, and 2011 and 2018, respectively. Signalment, historical, and clinical details were recorded, including dermoid location, concurrent diseases, treatment, histopathologic findings, and outcome. RESULTS: A total of 49 ocular dermoids, involving 47 eyes, were diagnosed in 44 dogs. The mean ( standard deviation) age of the study population at the time of diagnosis was 1.19 years (1.85 years). Of the 44 dogs evaluated, 28 (63.6%) were male and 30 (68.2%) were intact at time of diagnosis. Twenty-two different breeds were represented in the study, with mixed breed, French Bulldog, and Shih Tzu being the most common. Twenty-two dermoids were categorized as limbal (44.9%), 14 as eyelid (28.6%), eight as corneal (16.3%), and five as conjunctival (10.2%). Concurrent ocular findings were noted in 29 of the 47 eyes (61.7%), including corneal pigmentation, epiphora, and conjunctival hyperemia. Nine dogs (20.5%) suffered from concurrent systemic disease, with the majority being cardiac in origin. A total of 34 dermoids (69.4%) were surgically excised with no recurrences. CONCLUSIONS: Ocular dermoids are an uncommon condition in dogs. Concurrent congenital cardiac disease was relatively common in the dogs of this study. Surgical excision of dermoids was curative.

Computed Tomography for the Diagnosis and Characterization of Dermoid Sinuses in Two Dogs.

A 6 mo old male castrated bloodhound-Rhodesian ridgeback mix (case 1) presented for a mass suspected to be a dermoid sinus in the thoracolumbar region, and a 2.5 yr old male castrated Rhodesian ridgeback (case 2) presented for a mass suspected to be a dorsal cervical dermoid sinus. Both dogs underwent single-phase contrast computed tomography (CT) to characterize the extent of the dermoid sinus prior to surgical excision. Soft tissue and bony abnormalities of the vertebral spine associated with the dermoid sinuses were confirmed in both dogs prior to surgery, demonstrating communication with the dura of the spinal cord. Surgical exploration and excision of the dermoid sinus was performed in each dog, including partial laminectomy. Both cases had resolution of the sinus and an uncomplicated recovery. These cases show that single-phase contrast CT was accurate in characterizing the extent of the dermoid sinus without adjunctive tests or more invasive diagnostics. Single-phase contrast CT should be considered as a preoperative method to characterize the extent of dermoid sinuses, avoiding the risks associated with myelography or fistulography and the expense of MRI. This is also the first report of a dermoid sinus in the thoracolumbar region and the first in a bloodhound and Rhodesian ridgeback mix.

Spinal dermoid sinus in a Dachshund with vertebral and thoracic limb malformations.

BACKGROUND: Dermoid sinus is an uncommon epithelial-lined fistula that may be associated with vertebral malformations. In humans, Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS) is a rare condition characterized by congenital cervical vertebral fusion and may be associated with other developmental defects, including dermoid sinus. The present case report describes an adult Dachshund with cervical and cranial thoracic vertebral malformations as well as thoracic limb malformations resembling KFS with a concurrent type IV dermoid sinus. CASE PRESENTATION: A 1.5 year-old Dachshund with congenital thoracic limbs deformities and cervical-thoracic vertebral malformations presented with cervical hyperesthesia, rigidity of the cervical musculature and tetraparesis. Neurologic, radiographic, and computed tomography (CT) (2D, 3D, CT fistulography) examinations revealed skeletal anomalies, a dermoid sinus in the cranial thoracic region and epidural gas within the vertebral canal. Surgical resection and histopathological evaluation of the sinus tract were performed and confirmed a type IV dermoid sinus. The clinical signs progressively recovered postoperatively, and no recurrent signs were observed after 6 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Cervical vertebral malformations associated with limbs anomalies have not been reported in dogs and may represent a condition similar to KFS in humans. KFS can occur concurrently with other congenital conditions including dermoid sinus and should be included among the complex congenital anomalies described in dogs.

A feline spinal dermoid cyst treated with surgical intervention.

A 5-year-old neutered female mixed cat presented with reduced activity and ataxia of the hind limbs. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed an extradural mass compressing the spinal cord on the dorsal aspects from the 7th to 8th thoracic vertebra. Dorsal laminectomy was performed on the 7-8th thoracic vertebra and the cyst was totally removed, giving full resolution of the clinical signs. The cyst was diagnosed as a dermoid cyst. To our knowledge, this is the first report of feline dermoid cyst compressing the spinal cord that was diagnosed antemortem. The prognosis is favorable when the cyst is completely resected.

Type I and type IV dermoid sinus with associated cervical spina bifida in a Labrador Retriever mixed breed dog.

A 6-month-old female Labrador Retriever mix rescued by a local shelter developed respiratory distress and later became tetraplegic. After transferring to a specialty centre, diagnostic imaging (CT and MRI) revealed spina bifida at C3 and dermoid sinuses at the level of C3 and T1. Surgery was performed to remove the dermoid sinuses. The dog was placed on broad-spectrum antibiotics and a tapering anti-inflammatory dose of prednisone, postoperatively. Independent ambulation was regained within 14 days with no recurrence of neurologic clinical signs.

Myelomeningocoele and a dermoid sinus-like lesion in a French bulldog.

A 2-year-old male French bulldog was presented for investigation of lumbosacral pain and hindlimb ataxia associated with urinary and fecal incontinence. Survey radiography, myelography, and computed tomography images were suggestive of a dermoid sinus with associated spina bifida. Surgical intervention led to a resolution of pain and neurological deficits. Histopathological analysis of the excised tissue was compatible with a myelomeningocoele of the 7th lumbar vertebra.

Méningo-myélocèle et lésion dermoïde s'apparentant à un sinus chez un Bouledogue français. Un Bouledogue français mâle âgé de deux ans a été présenté pour faire enquête sur une douleur lombo-sacrée et une ataxie des jambes postérieures associée à une incontinence urinaire et fécale. La radiographie, la myélographie et les images par tomodensitométrie pour faire enquête sur les symptômes suggéraient un sinus dermoïde avec spina-bifida connexe. L'intervention chirurgicale a donné lieu à une résolution de la douleur et des autres déficits neurologiques. L'analyse histopathologique du tissu excisé était compatible avec un méningo-myélocèle de la 7e vertèbre lombaire.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).

Surgical management of a dermoid cyst with mandibular gland tissue in a Japanese Black calf.

A 131-day-old male Japanese Black calf presented with a swollen right cheek from birth. Imaging examination revealed a cyst under the right buccal area and debris-containing fluid inside the cyst, and puncture aspiration revealed a mildly cloudy fluid containing hair and tissue fragments. Histological examination of the excised cyst revealed stratified squamous epithelium with skin appendages in the cyst wall, which was diagnosed as a dermoid cyst. In addition, some submandibular gland tissue was found within the cyst wall. After removal of the cyst, there was swelling in the same area, which resolved with steroid administration. Surgical treatment of buccal dermoid cysts should be performed with caution to avoid damage to adjacent salivary gland tissue.

Third eyelid dermoid in a horse.

An 8-year-old Gypsy Vanner gelding presented to the University of Florida Ophthalmology service for the evaluation of chronic, recurrent corneal ulcers behind the third eyelid of the right eye. On ophthalmic examination, a cluster of aberrant hairs was identified growing along the margin of the third eyelid. This portion of third eyelid was surgically excised, and histopathology identified the haired tissue as a dermoid. Chronic keratitis secondary to a third eyelid dermoid was diagnosed, and excision appeared curative at 6 months post-operative follow-up.

Ocular dermoids in 13 cats: a multicentre retrospective study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this multicentre retrospective study was to review the clinical data, outcomes and histopathological features of cats that had been treated for ocular surface dermoids. METHODS: Thirteen cats from various private practices in France with a clinical diagnosis of ocular surface dermoid were included in the study. RESULTS: The mean age of the study population at the time of diagnosis was 5 months. There were nine males and four females. Three different breeds were domestic shorthair (n = 7), Birman (n = 4) and Havana Brown (n = 2). Two of the four Birmans were related (same sire). The two Havana Browns were also related (same sire). All of the dermoids were unilateral. Five of the dermoids were strictly conjunctival. Four affected both the conjunctiva and the cornea. Three affected both the conjunctiva and the eyelid, and one was strictly corneal. They were located in various positions: temporal (n = 9), inferonasal (n = 1), dorsonasal (n = 1) and dorsotemporal (n = 1). The last dermoid was heterogeneous and involved the nasal, dorsal and temporal quadrants. Concurrent eye diseases were observed in five patients: four cats exhibited associated eyelid agenesis and one cat exhibited persistent iris-to-iris pupillary membranes. Ten dermoids were surgically excised with no recurrences. Surgery was not performed for three cats: one cat died a few days after diagnosis and two cats were lost to follow-up after initial presentation. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Ocular surface dermoids are a rare condition in cats that can be treated successfully by surgical excision. Although our study reports only a small number of cases, the observation of ocular surface dermoids in two related cats in two different breeds indicates that genetic transmission is likely.

Type IV dermoid sinus, intramedullary dermoid cyst and spina bifida in a Cane Corso.

A 1-year-old male Cane Corso was presented for progressive hindlimb neurologic deficits, with a history of suspected recurrent meningitis. Physical examination and advanced diagnostic imaging findings were suggestive of a thoracic dermoid sinus extending into the dura mater, and spina bifida. After initial medical treatment, the lesion was surgically excised, and the presence of an intramedullary cyst in continuation with the dermoid sinus was confirmed, requiring partial durectomy and myelotomy for removal. Histopathological examination of the excised tissue confirmed the diagnosis of a dermoid sinus associated with an intramedullary dermoid cyst. After surgery, the dog temporarily declined neurologically but then showed progressive neurological improvement. This report describes presentation and successful surgical treatment of a type IVa dermoid sinus associated with an intramedullary dermoid cyst and spina bifida in a dog.

Dermoid cysts presenting as enlarged thyroid glands in a cat.

A 5-year-old spayed female cat was evaluated for hyperthyroidism based on an elevated free thyroxine (T(4)) measurement and bilaterally enlarged symmetric subcutaneous masses in the area of the thyroid glands. Physical examination revealed bilateral subcutaneous masses on either side of the cervical trachea. Blood was obtained for serum biochemical profile and thyroid function analysis. Mild hyperalbuminemia, mild hypercalcemia, and mildly increased alanine aminotransferase activity were identified. Serum concentrations of total and free thyroxine were within the reference interval. Cytologic analysis of fine-needle aspirates from one of the masses was suspicious for neoplasia. Nuclear scintigraphy revealed no abnormalities. Surgically obtained excisional biopsies of both masses were submitted for histopathology and diagnosed as bilateral dermoid cysts. After excisional biopsy, the patient recovered without incident. The histopathologic diagnosis of completely excised bilateral dermoid cysts indicated that no further medical or surgical intervention was required. This is the first report of a cat presenting with bilateral dermoid cysts in the area of the thyroid glands. Histopathologic examination was necessary to make a definitive diagnosis. Practitioners should include cysts in their list of differential diagnoses for ventral neck masses in cats.

Surgical removal of a dermoid cyst from the bony part of the nasolacrimal duct in a Scottish highland cattle heifer.

The ophthalmologic, radiologic and surgical findings of a 2-year-old Scottish Highland Cattle heifer with a dermoid cyst within the bony part of the nasolacrimal duct and the successful treatment are presented.

Dermoid cysts in caribou.

Subcutaneous dermoid cysts were identified in eight wild caribou (Rangifer tarandus) from widely dispersed locations in northern Canada and in one wild caribou from Alaska. The dermoid cysts from Canadian caribou were found among 557 diagnostic specimens that had been detected by hunters and submitted by resource officers and biologists between 1 January 1966 and 15 May 2007. All of the cysts were located in the cervical region, and five of nine cysts were found in the throat area. All of the animals for which the age was known were adult; males and females were equally represented. Dermoid cysts were not diagnosed in any of 1,108 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), 293 mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), 174 elk (Cervus elaphus), or 529 moose (Alces alces) examined during the same period at the Canadian laboratory.

Use of an endoscope in minimally invasive lesion biopsy and removal within the skull and cranial vault in two dogs and one cat.

CASE DESCRIPTION- 2 dogs and 1 cat underwent endoscopic-assisted intracranial procedures for lesion biopsy (1 dog and 1 cat) and definitive lesion removal (1 dog). CLINICAL FINDINGS- 1 cat was treated for an interhemispheric, pedunculated meningioma with an associated arachnoid cyst. Two dogs underwent endoscopic surgery procedures; 1 dog underwent removal of an intranasal dermoid cyst with extension to the olfactory bulb dura, and the other underwent lesion biopsy for histologic confirmation of suspected intracranial granular cell tumor. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME- Minimally invasive intracranial procedures were achieved by use of an endoscope to aid in lesion biopsy in a dog and a cat with neoplasia and complete lesion removal in 1 dog with a dermoid cyst. No obvious morbidity from the use of the endoscope was observed. Rapid recovery from surgery was seen in all 3 animals, and hospitalization times were a few days. CLINICAL RELEVANCE- In human and veterinary neurosurgery, minimally invasive surgical approaches for diagnosis and treatment are gaining in popularity. Minimally invasive techniques are used to achieve a decrease in surgical time, minimize brain exposure, and decrease postoperative recovery times. Keyhole and minimally invasive approaches require some degree of dexterity and knowledge of where the endoscope is in a 3-dimensional orientation and its relationship to the topography of an anatomic region. Anticipation of complications should allow for potential conversion to an open craniotomy. Use of the endoscope in minimally invasive procedures is associated with a steep learning curve to understand orientation, topography, and normal versus abnormal anatomy.

Bilateral corneoconjunctival dermoids and nasal choristomas in a calf.

A 5-day-old Angus x Hereford calf presented for bilateral haired masses on the eyes and nasolabial planum since birth. The masses were surgically excised from the inferonasal cornea and bulbar conjunctiva of both eyes and the left and right side of the dorsomedial nasolabial planum. Histopathology of the excised tissue confirmed bilateral corneoconjunctival dermoids with ectopic lacrimal glands, and bilateral nasal choristomas and ectopic nasal glandular tissue. Surgery was curative and healing was uneventful. Bilateral ocular dermoids in combination with nasal choristomas and ectopic glandular tissue have not been documented previously in cattle.

[Ocular dermoids and microphthalmia in a juvenile sheep]. / Okuläre Dermoide und Mikrophthalmie bei einem Jungschaf.

A 6-month-old Leine sheep was presented because of dermal tissue located on the left eye. During the first examination, the animal was clinically silent, apart from the deformed eye. A corneal and conjunctival dermoid and blindness of the left eye were diagnosed. Over a period of a year, the animal displayed conjunctivitis and inflammation of the affected eye. Furthermore, the sheep did not develop according to its age. During histopathological examination of the euthanized animal, microphthalmia and aphakia of the left eye were found in addition to the dermoids. Dermoids are described in humans and in different domestic animals. They can be combined with other congenital malformations. In sheep, dermoids are rarely diagnosed or reported in the literature.

Central corneal dermoid in a Labrador retriever puppy.

An eight-week-old, male Labrador retriever puppy was presented with an abnormal appearance of the left cornea, observed after the eyelids opened in the second week of life. Ocular examination showed a large central dermoid of the left cornea. The dermoid was excised by superficial keratectomy, and healing was uneventful. The dermoid was classified as a Mann's second type. To the authors' knowledge, a Mann's second type corneal dermoid has not previously been reported in a dog.