Plant green pigment of chlorophyllin attenuates inflammatory bowel diseases by suppressing autophagy activation in mice.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are intestinal complications characterized by chronic inflammation, autophagy abnormality, and lysosomal stress, which are derived from genetic predisposition and environmental risk factors. It is generally precepted that dietary green vegetable is beneficial for physiological homeostasis. In this study, we found that dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and altered intestinal epithelia in mice were attenuated by oral administration of chlorophyllin (CHL), a water-soluble derivate of chlorophyll. In DSS-treated mice, autophagy was persistently activated in intestinal tissues and associated with bowel disorders. Conversely, supplement of CHL in diet or gavage suppressed intestinal inflammation, downregulated autophagy flux in intestinal tissue, and relieved endoplasmic reticulum stress. In vitro studies show that CHL could activate Akt and mTOR pathways, leading to downregulation of autophagic and lysosomal flux. Thus, consumption of green vegetables and chlorophyllin may be beneficial for IBD recovery in part through alleviation of inflammation and autolysosomal flux.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and recurrent gastrointestinal disease, while the etiology remains poorly understood. Dietary composition and lifestyle are crucial for pathogenesis and progression of IBD. In this study, we observed that autophagy in the intestinal tissue was persistently activated in IBD mice. Chlorophyllin (CHL), a water-soluble derivate of chlorophyll, can attenuate colitis by regulating autophagy and inflammation. Thus, consumption of green vegetables and chlorophyllin may be beneficial for IBD recovery.

Topical Treatment With Liposomal Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin Complex in Subjects With Facial Redness and Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea: Case Studies.

Physicians are often presented with patients complaining of facial redness and difficult to control rosacea. The water soluble sodium copper chlorophyllin complex has been shown to have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-bacterial activities in vitro and anti-redness, pore reduction, and anti-acne activities in pilot clinical studies. In these case studies, the safety and efficacy of a topical gel containing a liposomal suspension of sodium copper chlorophyllin complex was assessed in subjects with facial redness and erythematotelangiectatic rosacea.

Pilot Study of Topical Copper Chlorophyllin Complex in Subjects With Facial Acne and Large Pores.

BACKGROUND: Acne vulgaris is one of the most common skin diseases treated by dermatologists. Salts of copper chlorophyllin complex are semi-synthetic naturally-derived compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and wound healing activity that have not been previously tested topically in the treatment of acne-prone skin with enlarged pores. OBJECTIVES: This single-center pilot study was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of a liposomal dispersion of topically applied sodium copper chlorophyllin complex in subjects with mild-moderate acne and large, visible pores over a course of 3 weeks. METHODS: Subjects were supplied with the test product, a topical gel containing a liposomal dispersion of sodium copper chlorophyllin complex (0.1%) with directions to apply a small amount to the facial area twice daily. Clinical assessments were performed at screening/baseline and at week 3. VISIA readings were taken and self-assessment questionnaires were conducted. RESULTS: 10 subjects were enrolled and completed the 3-week study. All clinical efficacy parameters showed statistically significant improvements over baseline at week 3. The study product was well tolerated. Subject questionnaires showed the test product was highly rated. CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study, a topical formulation containing a liposomal dispersion of sodium copper chlorophyllin complex was shown to be clinically effective and well tolerated for the treatment of mild-moderate acne and large, visible pores when used for 3 weeks.

Assessment of the safety and efficacy of topical copper chlorophyllin in women with photodamaged facial skin.

BACKGROUND: Chronic exposure to the sun causes the skin to prematurely age. Photodamaged skin is characterized by progressive damage to the dermal extracellular matrix with loss of collagen and degradation of elastin. Clinical manifestations of such photoaged or photodamaged skin include wrinkles and irregular pigmentation. Various cosmetic treatments including topical retinoids, growth factors, and skin lighteners have shown some benefit. Salts of copper chlorophyllin complex are semi-synthetic naturally derived compounds with anti-oxidant and wound healing activity that has not been previously tested in photodamaged skin. OBJECTIVES: This single-center pilot study was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of a liposomal dispersion of topically applied sodium copper chlorophyllin complex in women with mild-moderate fine lines and wrinkles in the periocular areas and facial solar lentigenes over a course of 8 weeks. METHODS: Subjects were supplied with the test product, a topical gel containing chlorophyllin complex salts (0.066%), with directions to apply a pea-sized amount to the periocular areas, cheeks and nose every morning and evening. Clinical assessments were performed at screening/baseline and at week 8. Standardized digital photographs were taken and self-assessment questionnaires were conducted. RESULTS: Ten subjects completed the 8-week study. All clinical efficacy parameters showed statistically significant improvements over baseline at week 8. The study product was well tolerated. Subject questionnaires showed the test product was highly rated. CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study, a topical formulation containing a liposomal dispersion of sodium copper chlorophyllin complex was shown to be clinically effective and well tolerated for the treatment of mild-moderate photodamage and solar lentigenes when used for 8 weeks.

Analysis of the therapeutic effect of sodium copper chlorophyllin tablet in treating 60 cases of leukopenia.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sodium copper chlorophyllin (trademarked as "Yebaike Tablet which is abbreviated as YBK in treating leukopenia. METHODS: One hundred and five patients with leukopenia caused by various factors were randomized into 3 groups. The 60 patients in the YBK group took orally YBK Tablets at the dose of 40 mg, three times per day, the 30 patients in the leucogen group were treated with Leucogen Tablets at the dose of 20 mg, three times per day, and the 15 patients in the placebo group were administered with vitamin C tablets 100 mg, three times per day. All the subjects were treated for 1 month. The change of peripheral leucocytes count after treatment and adverse drug reaction that occurred in patients were studied. RESULTS: In the 60 patients treated with YBK, the treatment proved to be markedly effective in 34 cases, effective in 17 and ineffective in 9, the total effective rate being 85%, which was significantly higher than that in the placebo group (26.7%, P < 0.01) and similar to that in the leucogen group (83.3%, P > 0.05). No adverse reaction was found in the treatment course. CONCLUSION: YBK can be used in the treatment of leukopenia caused by various factors, satisfactory in efficacy and safe in use.

The mutagenic potentiator effect of chlorophyllin by the HGPRT assay.

Chlorophyllin, a sodium-copper salt derivative of chlorophyll-a and -b, was evaluated for antimutagenic activity against ethyl methane sulfonate by the hypoxanthin-guanine-phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) assay. The results obtained suggest that this chlorophyllin can potentiate the mutagenicity of an alkylating agent which induces DNA damage.