Development of a subset of ICNP Nursing Diagnoses for the promotion of self-care in people with diabetes mellitus: a multi-center observational study.

INTRODUCTION: Self-care is a key for people with diabetes mellitus (DM) to avoid severe complications and to maintain quality of life. Person-centered and accurate nursing care plans can help nurses to deliver effective self-care promotion interventions. Few studies focused on nursing diagnoses that are specific for diabetes self-care education, and none of them used the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP). International Catalogues of ICNP nursing diagnoses are missing in this field. AIMS: To identify the ICNP nursing diagnoses that are useful to promote self-care in people with DM; to describe the prevalence of ICNP nursing diagnoses in self-care of people with DM. METHODS: A subset of 55 ICNP nursing diagnoses was developed based on the Middle Range Theory of Self-care of Chronic Illness, and most recent diabetes clinical guidelines. Then, the subset was tested through a multicenter cross-sectional design involving a consecutive sample of 170 adults with confirmed diagnosis of Type 1 or Type 2 DM. Data were collected by medical records, physical examinations and semi-structured interviews. RESULTS: 1343 nursing diagnoses were identified, with an average of 8 nursing diagnoses per patient. The 100% of the nursing diagnoses were described using the pre-developed subset. Overall, the five prevalent nursing diagnoses were: Body weight problem (56.4%), Non adherence to immunization regime (53.5%), Conflicting attitude toward dietary regime (41.7%), Impaired weight monitoring (39.4%), and Lack of knowledge about blood glucose diagnostic test result (32.3%). Nursing diagnoses by self-care maintenance, monitoring and management were also described. CONCLUSIONS: A huge amount of nursing diagnoses was identified suggesting the need of intensive education. Clinicians and administrators can use this subset to improve the accuracy of the documentation of diabetes care. In Public Health, the subset can be used to assess the cost-effectiveness of diabetes healthcare services. Future research is needed to assess the effectiveness of this subset in settings that are different from the one where it was developed. Finally, this subset could be a starting point to develop and International ICNP Catalogue for diabetes care.

Advanced Nursing Process quality: Comparing the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP) with the NANDA-International (NANDA-I) and Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC).

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To assess the quality of the advanced nursing process in nursing documentation in two hospitals. BACKGROUND: Various standardised terminologies are employed by nurses worldwide, whether for teaching, research or patient care. These systems can improve the quality of nursing records, enable care continuity, consistency in written communication and enhance safety for patients and providers alike. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: A total of 138 records from two facilities (69 records from each facility) were analysed, one using the NANDA-International and Nursing Interventions Classification terminology (Centre 1) and one the International Classification for Nursing Practice (Centre 2), by means of the Quality of Diagnoses, Interventions, and Outcomes instrument. Quality of Diagnoses, Interventions, and Outcomes scores range from 0-58 points. Nursing records were dated 2012-2013 for Centre 1 and 2010-2011 for Centre 2. RESULTS: Centre 1 had a Quality of Diagnoses, Interventions, and Outcomes score of 35·46 (±6·45), whereas Centre 2 had a Quality of Diagnoses, Interventions, and Outcomes score of 31·72 (±4·62) (p < 0·001). Centre 2 had higher scores in the 'Nursing Diagnoses as Process' dimension, whereas in the 'Nursing Diagnoses as Product', 'Nursing Interventions' and 'Nursing Outcomes' dimensions, Centre 1 exhibited superior performance; acceptable reliability values were obtained for both centres, except for the 'Nursing Interventions' domain in Centre 1 and the 'Nursing Diagnoses as Process' and 'Nursing Diagnoses as Product' domains in Centre 2. CONCLUSION: The quality of nursing documentation was superior at Centre 1, although both facilities demonstrated moderate scores considering the maximum potential score of 58 points. Reliability analyses showed satisfactory results for both standardised terminologies. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Nursing leaders should use a validated instrument to investigate the quality of nursing records after implementation of standardised terminologies.

Subset of nursing diagnoses for the elderly in Primary Health Care.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a subset of nursing diagnoses for the elderly followed in primary health care based on the bank of terms for clinical nursing practice with the elderly, in the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP(r)) version 2013, and on the Model of Nursing Care. METHOD: Descriptive study developed in sequential steps of construction and validation of the bank of terms, elaboration of the nursing diagnoses based on the guidelines of the International Council of Nurses and the bank of terms, and categorization of diagnostics according to the Care Model. RESULTS: The total of 127 nursing diagnoses were elaborated from 359 validated terms, distributed according to the basic human needs. CONCLUSION: It is expected that these diagnoses will form the basis for the planning of nursing care and use of a unified language for documentation of clinical nursing practice with the elderly in primary care. OBJETIVO: Desenvolver um subconjunto de diagnósticos de enfermagem para idosos acompanhados na Atenção Primária à Saúde, com base no banco de termos para a prática clínica de enfermagem com idosos, na Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem (CIPE(r)) Versão 2013 e no Modelo de Cuidados de Enfermagem. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa descritiva, desenvolvida em etapas sequenciadas de construção e validação do banco de termos, elaboração dos enunciados de diagnósticos de enfermagem, com base nas diretrizes do Conselho Internacional de Enfermeiros e no banco de termos, e categorização dos diagnósticos segundo o Modelo de Cuidados. RESULTADOS: A partir de 359 termos validados foram elaborados 127 enunciados de diagnósticos de enfermagem, distribuídos segundo as necessidades humanas fundamentais. CONCLUSÃO: Acredita-se que esses enunciados servirão de base para o planejamento dos cuidados de enfermagem e utilização de uma linguagem unificada para a documentação da prática clínica de enfermagem com idosos na atenção primária.

[Nursing care mapping for patients at risk of falls in the Nursing Interventions Classification]. / Mapeamento de cuidados de enfermagem para pacientes com risco de quedas na Nursing Interventions Classification.

OBJECTIVE: Identifying the prescribed nursing care for hospitalized patients at risk of falls and comparing them with the interventions of the Nursing Interventions Classifications (NIC). METHOD: A cross-sectional study carried out in a university hospital in southern Brazil. It was a retrospective data collection in the nursing records system. The sample consisted of 174 adult patients admitted to medical and surgical units with the Nursing Diagnosis of Risk for falls. The prescribed care were compared with the NIC interventions by the cross-mapping method. RESULTS: The most prevalent care were the following: keeping the bed rails, guiding patients/family regarding the risks and prevention of falls, keeping the bell within reach of patients, and maintaining patients' belongings nearby, mapped in the interventions Environmental Management: safety and Fall Prevention. CONCLUSION: The treatment prescribed in clinical practice was corroborated by the NIC reference.

Terminology subset for the International Classification of Nursing Practice in Diabetes Mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the process of developing a terminological subset for the International Classification of Nursing Practice in Diabetes Mellitus, based on Horta's Basic Human Needs Theory and Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory. METHOD: a methodological study based on the identification in the literature of 313 statements of nursing diagnoses pertinent to diabetes care, selected and validated by a consensus of nurses from different states of Brazil, specialists in diabetes, using the nominal group technique. RESULTS: 156 nursing diagnosis/result statements were selected, of which 111 (71.15%) related to psychobiological needs, 42 (26.92%) to psychosocial needs and three (1.92%) to psychospiritual needs. A total of 433 nursing interventions were developed. The diagnostic statements were validated on the basis of a consensus among the experts, with an average content validity index of 0.89: 0.87 for psychobiological needs, 0.93 for psychosocial needs, and 0.77 for psychospiritual needs. CONCLUSION: the study validated the terminological subset for the International Classification of Nursing Practice in Diabetes, favoring clinical reasoning, the qualification of the Nursing Process, and the improvement of self-care practices in diabetes. It has made it possible to use nursing's own language based on a globally recognized classification. (1) Provision of the guiding document for nursing practice in diabetes. (2) Methodological innovation in the development of ICNP® subsets. (3) Advances in knowledge of the basic human needs of people with diabetes. (4) The potential of standardized language for coding and monitoring data. (5) Improving clinical reasoning during nursing consultations.

[Nursing diagnoses and outcomes related to the circulatory-system terms (ICNP®) represented in an ontology]. / Diagnósticos e resultados de enfermagem relacionados aos termos do sistema circulatório - CIPE® representados em uma ontologia.

The aim of the present study was to develop titles of Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes (ND/NO) through the relationship between the terms of the Focus axis, limited to the Circulatory System Process, and the terms of other ICNP® axes and to integrate these terms into an ontology. Titles were developed linking 17 terms of the focus axis, which were evaluated by expert nurses in five Brazilian cities. Titles whose use concordance was above 0.80 were included in the ontology. In total, 89 titles for ND/NO were supported in the literature, and 19 were not supported; 37 were assessed as eligible for use in healthcare practice and were included in the ontology. The construction of ND/NO titles based on the ICNP® and using a formal representation of knowledge is a task that requires deepening concepts used for nursing and adequate classification revisions. The elaborated titles will facilitate the composition of diagnostics that are more consistent with practice.

[Nursing diagnoses and interventions for patients with congestive heart failure using the ICNP ®]. / Diagnósticos e intervenções de enfermagem para pacientes portadores de insuficiência cardíaca congestiva utilizando a CIPE®

The aim of this descriptive exploratory study was to construct nursing diagnosis and intervention statements for patients with Congestive Heart Failure. To accomplish this aim, 53 terms were identified in the focus axis of the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP®), which guided the construction of these statements using the guidelines of the International Council of Nurses and ISO 18. 104. A total of 92 nursing diagnosis statements were constructed, which resulted in 66 statements after standardization. The standardized statements were separated according to the following pathophysiological models: 13 related to tachycardia, 20 related to dyspnea, 19 related to edema, and 14 related to congestion. A total of 234 interventions were constructed for these statements using the terms from the 7-Axis Model of the ICNP®, the literature in the area and the clinical experience of the authors. The nursing diagnosis and intervention statements designed are expected to facilitate the evaluation of CHF patients and assist in the construction of a terminological subset for the ICNP®.

Participant action research with bedside nurses to identify NANDA-International, Nursing Interventions Classification, and Nursing Outcomes Classification categories for hospitalized persons with diabetes.

Experienced bedside nurses identified 14 nursing diagnoses, 78 interventions, and 76 health outcomes for hospitalized persons with diabetes. Using these terms, the nursing department revised the standards of care and the electronic health record. Nurses' engagement in generating knowledge translated to increased interest in research. This methodology is recommended for other agencies.

[Creating diagnoses and interventions under the auspices of different nursing classification systems]. / Elaboração de diagnósticos e intervenções à luz de diferentes sistemas de classificações de enfermagem.

This study analyzes the use of different nursing classification systems to meet the standards established by the norm ISO 18.104:2003, based on a fictitious clinical situation. Nursing diagnoses and interventions were created using NANDA-I, NIC and ICNP® and an analysis was performed of the terminology agreement of these classification systems with the model proposed by the norm ISO 18.104:2003. For the creation of nursing diagnoses, NANDA-I and ICNP® comply with norm ISO 18.104:2003. As for the creation of nursing interventions, ICNP® meets the terminology reference model proposed by ISO 18104:2003. NIC, on the other hand, does not propose a combinatory terminology reference model. The unification of nursing terminology depends on reviewing, standardizing and testing these classifications in order to establish a common and sound language for the profession.

Consensus-validation study identifies relevant nursing diagnoses, nursing interventions, and health outcomes for people with traumatic brain injuries.

A consensus-validation study used action research methods to identify relevant nursing diagnoses, nursing interventions, and patient outcomes for a population of adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in long-term care. In meetings totaling 159 hours to reach 100% consensus through group discussions, the three classifications of NANDA International's (NANDA-I's) approved nursing diagnoses, the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC), and the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) were used as the basis for three nurses experienced in working with adults with TBI to select the elements of nursing care. Among almost 200 NANDA-I nursing diagnoses, 29 were identified as relevant for comprehensive nursing care of this population. Each nursing diagnosis was associated with 3-11 of the more than 500 NIC interventions and 1-13 of more than 300 NOC outcomes. The nurses became aware of the complexity and the need for critical thinking. The findings were used to refine the facility's nursing standards of care, which were to be combined with the interdisciplinary plan of care and included in future electronic health records.

Cross-mapping the Finnish Classification of Nursing Diagnosis, Nursing Interventions and the Oulu Patient Classification.

The structure of nursing documentation in Finland is based on the nursing process model and nursing diagnosis, interventions and outcomes are documented using a standardized nursing terminology. Patient related information is produced and stored in an electronic form at multiple sites. Patient care intensity classification is one of the essential pieces of nursing core data belonging to the structural data of an electronic patient record supported by the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health. The purpose of this paper is to describe the process of cross-mapping Finnish Classification of Nursing Diagnosis/Needs (FiCND), Nursing Interventions (FiCNI) and the most commonly used patient intensity classification in Finland, the Oulu Patient Classification (OPC). These databases enable evaluation, analysis and utilisations of data for administrative and research purposes. The end product is a cross-mapped classification material in The Institute for Health and Welfare (before National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health, STAKES) to use in every electronic patient record systems in Finland.

Congruence between nursing problems in nursing care plans and NANDA nursing diagnoses.

This study abstracted nursing problems documented in cancer patients' nursing care plans to analyze (1) which nursing problems were documented and (2) the degree of congruence between the abstracted problems and NANDA nursing diagnoses. 236 unique nursing problems were identified and could be mapped to 32 NANDA nursing diagnoses. However, only 4.3% had a precise match with NANDA, Thirty-eight percent were classified as similar and the rest were broader, narrower or no match. Thus NANDA only partially covered problems written by nurses in the care plans for this group of patients.

[The electronic use of the NANDA-, NOC- and NIC- classifications and implications for nursing practice]. / Die elektronische Anwendung der NANDA-, NOC- und NIC-Klassifikationen und Folgerungen für die Pflegepraxis.

The data model developed on behalf of the Nursing Service Commission of the Canton of Zurich (Pflegedienstkommission des Kantons Zürich) is based on the NANDA nursing diagnoses, the Nursing Outcome Classification, and the Nursing Intervention Classification (NNN Classifications). It also includes integrated functions for cost-centered accounting, service recording, and the Swiss Nursing Minimum Data Set. The data model uses the NNN classifications to map a possible form of the nursing process in the electronic patient health record, where the nurse can choose nursing diagnoses, outcomes, and interventions relevant to the patient situation. The nurses' choice is guided both by the different classifications and their linkages, and the use of specific text components pre-defined for each classification and accessible through the respective linkages. This article describes the developed data model and illustrates its clinical application in a specific patient's situation. Preparatory work required for the implementation of NNN classifications in practical nursing such as content filtering and the creation of linkages between the NNN classifications are described. Against the background of documentation of the nursing process based on the DAPEP(1) data model, possible changes and requirements are deduced. The article provides a contribution to the discussion of a change in documentation of the nursing process by implementing nursing classifications in electronic patient records.

[Studies about use and application of nursing classifications]. / Studien zum Einsatz von Pflegeklassifikationen.

PROBLEM: Many nurses are not well educated in the use of nursing classifications. Shortcomings in application of nursing diagnoses and missing coherence with nursing interventions and outcomes were described in various studies. The following studies aimed to analyse the effects of implementing nursing diagnoses on nursing interventions and outcomes. METHODS: Two systematic literature reviews, instrument development and testing, and two experimental studies to implement nursing diagnostics were carried out. RESULTS: Careful implementation of nursing classifications into practice by means of educational measures resulted in accurate nursing diagnoses. Accordingly, nurses chose more effective nursing interventions that led to significantly enhanced patient outcomes. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of these studies we recommend implementation of NANDA-I nursing diagnoses with related, theory based nursing interventions and nursing outcomes into clinical practice.

Simpósio Nacional de Diagnóstico de Enfermagem: building a knowledge field for Nursing.

OBJECTIVE: to recount the story of the Simpósio Nacional de Diagnóstico de Enfermagem (National Nursing Diagnosis Symposium), from 1991 to 2018, describing the official themes and main recommendations; and reflect on the construction, in this process, of a specific field of knowledge for Nursing. RESULTS: the manuscript became a historical study, using official documents resulting from the thirteen Symposiums conducted in the period from 1991 to 2018 as the primary source of empirical data. The outcomes were divided into two stages, from 1991 to 1992, when the event was linked to Interest Groups in Nursing Diagnosis; and from 1996 to 2018, when ABEn Nacional took over the organization and execution of the event. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the socialization and exchange of knowledge about systematization of care, Nursing Process and nursing terminologies, themes focused on SINADEn, contributed decisively to the construction of a fruitful field of knowledge for Nursing.

Related factors of the nursing diagnosis ineffective breathing pattern in an intensive care unit. / Fatores preditores do diagnóstico de enfermagem padrão respiratório ineficaz em pacientes de uma unidade de terapia intensiva.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the predicting factors and sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative related value of nursing diagnosis Ineffective Breathing Pattern among patients of an intensive care unit. METHOD: cross-sectional study. A logistic regression was fitted to assess the simultaneous effects of related factors. RESULTS: among the 120 patients, 67.5% presented Ineffective Breathing Pattern. In the univariate analysis, the related factors were: group of diseases, fatigue, obesity and presence of bronchial secretion, and the defining characteristics were: changes in respiratory depth, auscultation with adventitious sounds, dyspnea, reduced vesicular murmurs, tachypnea, cough and use of the accessory musculature to breathe. The mean age of patients with was higher than those without this diagnosis. The defining characteristics reduced murmurs had high sensitivity (92.6%), specificity (97.4%), negative related value (86.4%) and positive related value (98.7%). The related factors of Ineffective Breathing Pattern were the related factors fatigue, age and group of diseases. CONCLUSION: fatigue, age and patients with a group of diseases were related factors of Ineffective Breathing Pattern in this study. Reduced vesicular murmurs, auscultation with adventitious sounds and cough may be defining characteristics to be added in the international classification, as well as the related factors bronchial secretion and group of diseases.

Nursing diagnoses in a home-based program: cross-mapping and NANDA-I Taxonomy.

OBJECTIVE: to identify Nursing diagnoses in patients in home care by cross-mapping terms obtained in the anamnesis and clinical examination, with NANDA-I Taxonomy. METHOD: descriptive exploratory study, transversal type, performed with 131 patients from a home health care program in northern Minas Gerais State. With the aid of an instrument based on the theoretical model of Basic Human Needs, the terms indicators of conditions that required nursing interventions were extracted. The cross-mapping of these terms was also performed with NANDA-I Taxonomy diagnoses. RESULTS: 378 terms and expressions referring to 49 different diagnoses were identified in 11 of the 13 domains of NANDA-I Taxonomy. CONCLUSION: the profile of identified nursing diagnoses can contribute to care management and organizational processes of nurses who provide care to patients in home care.

Defining characteristics and related factors of the nursing diagnosis for ineffective breathing pattern.

OBJECTIVE: To identify in the literature the defining characteristics and related factors of the nursing diagnosis "ineffective breathing pattern". METHOD: Integrative review with the steps: problem identification, literature search, evaluation and analysis of data and presentation of results. RESULTS: Twenty articles and two dissertations were included. In children, the most prevalent related factor was bronchial secretion, followed by hyperventilation. The main defining characteristics were dyspnea, tachypnea, cough, use of accessory muscles to breathe, orthopnea and adventitious breath sounds. Bronchial secretion, cough and adventitious breath sounds are not included in the NANDA-International (NANDA-I). For adults and older adults, the related factors were fatigue, pain and obesity and the defining characteristics were dyspnea, orthopnea and tachypnea. CONCLUSION: This diagnosis manifests differently according to the patients' age group. It was observed that some defining characteristics and related factors are not included in the NANDA-I. Their inclusion can improve this nursing diagnosis.