Distributions and ranges of values of blood and urinary biomarker of inflammation and oxidative stress in the workers engaged in office machine manufactures: evaluation of reference values.

BACKGROUND: Interleukins, interferons and oxidative DNA products are important biomarkers assessing the inflammations and tissue damages caused by toxic materials in the body. We tried to evaluate distributions, reference values and age related changes of blood levels of inflammatory cytokines, C-reactive protein (CRP), IgE and urine levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) among workers in a cohort study evaluating the health influences of toner particles. METHODS: A total of 1366 male workers under age 50 years (age 19-49 years; 718 exposed and 648 not exposed to toner particles) in a cross sectional study of 1614 (categorized as 809 exposed and 805 not exposed, age 19-59 years) workers in a photocopier company has been followed prospectively as the cohort. Blood levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-8, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), CRP, IgE and urine 8-OHdG were measured annually for 5 years. RESULTS: Reference values of the biomarkers are; CRP: 0.01-0.63×10(-2) g/L, IgE: 6-1480 IU/mL, IL-4: 2.6-76.1 pg/mL, IL-6: 0.4-4.9 pg/mL and 8-OHdG: 1.5-8.2 ng/mgCr. We could not evaluate reference values for IL-8 and IFN- γ because most of the values were below the sensitivity limits (2.0 pg/mL and 0.1 IU/mL, respectively). There were no differences of the biomarker levels between the toner exposed and the control workers. We observed a statistically significant age related decrease of serum IL-4 levels. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report assessing the distributions and reference values of inflammatory biomarker levels in a large scaled cohort. We observed age related changes of some of the biomarkers. We could not detect any differences of the studied biomarker values between the toner exposed and the control workers.

Kinetics of antibodies in sera, saliva, and urine samples from adult patients with primary or secondary dengue 3 virus infections.

OBJECTIVES: The kinetics of three serological markers (IgM, IgA, and IgG) in serum, saliva, and urine samples from adult patients with primary or secondary dengue infection were studied. DESIGN: Serum, saliva, and urine samples were collected from 22 patients with clinical and confirmed dengue 3 virus infection during the outbreak in Havana City in 2001. They were tested by capture IgM (MAC-ELISA), IgA (AAC-ELISA), and IgE (EAC-ELISA) and IgG ELISA inhibition method (EIM) to detect specific dengue antibodies. RESULTS: Similar kinetics were observed in IgM, IgA, and IgG antibodies in saliva and IgA and IgG in urine samples from secondary cases compared with kinetics in serum samples, although the values were lower. No IgG antibody was detected in saliva and urine samples in primary cases and IgM antibody was not detected in urine samples from either primary or secondary infection. All secondary cases were positive for IgG in saliva and urine samples at day 7. The kinetics of specific IgE antibodies in primary and secondary cases were different. CONCLUSIONS: The kinetics of three serological markers (IgM, IgA, and IgG) in serum, saliva, and urine samples from adult patients with primary or secondary dengue 3 virus infection were studied for the first time, showing its behavior and usefulness in dengue virus diagnosis. The specific IgE could play a role as a serological marker in secondary infections.

[Immunoglobulin E and eosinophils in urine of children with bronchial asthma]. / Immunoglobulina E oraz eozynofile w moczu dzieci chorych na dychawice oskrzelowa.

Excretion IgE and eosinophils was assayed in the urine of 25 children with bronchial asthma during attack (I) after regression of symptoms (II) and in a group of healthy children aged 4-15 years. Three healthy children (12%) excreted trace amounts of IgE and single eosinophils to urine. In the group of sick children during attack (I), 20 children (80%) excreted IgE in urine, 10 children (40%) excreted eosinophils. Thirteen children (52%) had nocturia, dysuria or erythrocyturia of unknown cause. After regression of acute symptoms of asthma (II) IgE in urine was excreted in smaller amounts than in (I) by 60% of the children, while eosinophils by 24% children. In the II investigation, 8 children (32%) still had nocturia. It was found that IgE and eosinophils are present in the urine of children with bronchial asthma, regardless if symptoms from the urinary tract are present or not.

An IgE multiple myeloma: contradictory findings in clinical laboratory testing.

BACKGROUND: IgE multiple myeloma is a rare kind of plasma cell disorder, characterized by an aggressive clinical course, where laboratory testing plays a fundamental role for the correct diagnosis in order to start a targeted therapy. In the present paper it is described a case of IgE myeloma where contradictory findings between immunometric and separative techniques were found. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serum and 24h urine samples were tested using electrophoresis and immunofixation electrophoresis employing IgE antiserum and IgE were quantified using an immunometric method. RESULTS: Serum immunofixation evidenced a monoclonal band ascribable to IgE lambda and IgE serum concentration was 1,364,00 kU/L. Urine electrophoresis evidenced a band compatible with IgE, and urine concentration was 2715 kU/L. On the contrary in the immunofixation of the urine sample no band reacting with IgE antiserum was found. CONCLUSIONS: Considering that the immunometric method measured IgE in urine sample and the electrophoresis of urine sample evidenced a band compatible with IgE, the explanation could be that during renal filtration or because of some characteristics related to urine matrix, the immunoglobulin IgE could had been modified in the site recognized by the antiserum used in immunofixation, and not in the one used in the immunometric method.

Low IgE monoclonal gammopathy level in serum highlights 20-yr survival in a case of IgE multiple myeloma.

This report describes the diagnosis, follow-up, and problems measuring serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in a case of IgE myeloma with 20-yr survival. Serum and urine protein electrophoresis, immunofixation, and the N Latex IgE test were used to characterize the monoclonal proteins. The diagnosis of multiple myeloma in a 56-yr-old man was based on 5.4 g/24 h of monoclonal free lambda chain in urine and bone marrow findings of 23.5% plasma cells (19% mature and 4.5% atypical). IgE lambda monoclonal protein in serum measured 506,000 microg/L (210 833 IU/mL). The lack of other clinical findings of multiple myeloma places this case in the category of 'smoldering or indolent myeloma'. Measurement of serum IgE levels was complicated by the need to predilute serum to avoid antigen excess. Following chemotherapy, the patient went into clinical remission, eventually dying of complications of emphysema. This case expands the recognized clinical spectrum of IgE multiple myeloma.

An unusual case of IgE myeloma.

A further case of IgE myeloma in a 65 year old woman was described. An unusual picture was found in the urine where two IgE fragments, namely an incomplete Fc fragment and an IgE specific Fab fragment were excreted. The clinical picture supports the suggestion that IgE myelomas are very heterogenous.

IGE in human urine and milk.

IgE was found in urine from healthy adult volunteers at very low levels (approximately 0.003-0.010 IU/ml), corresponding to a 24-h excrection rate of 3-16 IU. IgE was not detected in 36 out of 47 samples of milk and colostrum. In samples from six women the protein was present at low concentration 1-2 days postpartum but was not detected in later samples (usually day 5 or 6). Mammary secretions from four allergic donors were studied, and IgE was detected at low concentrations in samples from the two most severely affected individuals. The levels of IgE observed in both urine and milk suggest that there is no significant synthesis of the protein in either the urinary tract or in mammary tissue.

A reappraisal of IgE levels in various human secretions by particle counting immunoassay combined with pepsin digestion.

We have assayed IgE in various human secretions by particle-counting immunoassay (PACIA). The introduction of a pepsin digestion step of the sample prior to the assay not only eliminates possible interfering factors but also releases from IgE the protease-resistant Fc"epsilon fragment. Since this fragment could represent the residual form of IgE in certain secretions rich in proteases it should be a suitable calibrator for the assay of IgE in secretions. The concentrations of IgE that we found in most fluids (urine, saliva, tears, milk, aqueous humour, cerebrospinal fluid, broncho-alveolar washings, intestinal fluids and faecal extracts) were up to 100 times lower than those reported by others who have used the radioimmunosorbent test (RIST). We suspect that the high values found with RIST are related to the susceptibility of this test to various interfering factors and not to a local production of IgE in most secretions of normal individuals.

Allergic rhinitis in laboratory workers caused by occupational exposure to guinea pigs: an immunological and clinical study.

Occupational exposure in laboratory workers to various animals can result in clinically significant respiratory allergies. We used clinical and immunological methods to study five laboratory workers who exhibited symptoms of nasal allergy upon occupational exposure to guinea pigs. As compared with a control group of ten nonallergic laboratory workers, the symptomatic workers generally had positive skin test reactions for allergens derived from the urine, saliva, and pelts of the guinea pigs. The study group with symptoms also showed high serum levels of specific IgE and demonstrated an immediate, positive reaction to nasal provocation testing with urine-derived antigen. However, specific IgG values in the sera of these patients did not differ significantly from control values. Overall results indicated that a type 1 allergy was involved.

IgE lambda monoclonal gammopathy and amyloidosis.

The prevalence of IgE myeloma is 0.01% in all plasmocytomas. Although signs and symptoms are similar, it is generally accepted that IgE myeloma has a more malignant clinical course than other forms of plasmocytoma with monoclonal gammopathy. The disease has widely variable presentation. Most of the reported cases were accompanied by complications that are rarely seen with other types of myeloma. So far only one idiopathic (benign?) IgE monoclonal gammopathy has been reported. This case report is the first recorded IgE myeloma in Hungary with a rather unusual clinical presentation and diagnostic process. It is of particular interest that a monoclonal chain was detected in the urine of the patient several years prior to diagnosis.