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1.
J Bone Miner Metab ; 42(2): 242-252, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38498197

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: This study was to investigate the correlations between pyrethroid exposure and bone mineral density (BMD) and osteopenia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 1389 participants over 50 years of age drawn from the 2007-2010 and 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Three pyrethroid metabolites, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (trans-DCCA), and 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (4-F-3PBA) were used as indicators of pyrethroid exposure. Low BMD was defined as T-score < - 1.0, including osteopenia. Weighted multivariable linear regression analysis or logistic regression analysis was utilized to evaluate the correlation between pyrethroid exposure and BMD and low BMD. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model was utilized to analyze the correlation between pyrethroids mixed exposure and low BMD. RESULTS: There were 648 (48.41%) patients with low BMD. In individual pyrethroid metabolite analysis, both tertile 2 and tertile 3 of trans-DCCA were negatively related to total femur, femur neck, and total spine BMD [coefficient (ß) = - 0.041 to - 0.028; all P < 0.05]. Both tertile 2 and tertile 3 of 4-F-3PBA were negatively related to total femur BMD (P < 0.05). Only tertile 2 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.63; 95% CI = 1.07, 2.48] and tertile 3 (OR = 1.65; 95% CI = 1.10, 2.50) of trans-DCCA was correlated with an increased risk of low BMD. The BKMR analysis indicated that there was a positive tendency between mixed pyrethroids exposure and low BMD. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, pyrethroids exposure was negatively correlated with BMD levels, and the associations of pyrethroids with BMD and low BMD varied by specific pyrethroids, pyrethroid concentrations, and bone sites.


Assuntos
Benzoatos , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas , Inseticidas , Éteres Fenílicos , Piretrinas , Adulto , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Piretrinas/efeitos adversos , Piretrinas/análise , Piretrinas/metabolismo , Inseticidas/efeitos adversos , Inseticidas/análise , Inseticidas/metabolismo , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Estudos Transversais , Densidade Óssea , Teorema de Bayes , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/induzido quimicamente , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/epidemiologia
2.
Anal Bioanal Chem ; 416(8): 1935-1949, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38321180

RESUMO

Humans are exposed to an increasing number of contaminants, with diet being one of the most important exposure routes. In this framework, human biomonitoring is considered the gold standard for evaluating human exposure to chemicals. Pesticides and mycotoxins are chemicals of special concern due to their health implications. They constitute the predominant border rejection notifications for food and feed in Europe and the USA. However, current biomonitoring studies are focused on a limited number of compounds and do not evaluate mycotoxins and pesticides together. In this study, an analytical method has been developed for the determination of 30 pesticides and 23 mycotoxins of concern in urine samples. A salting-out liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) procedure was optimized achieving recoveries between 70 and 120% for almost all the compounds and limits as lower as when QuEChERS was applied. The compounds were then determined by liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Different chromatographic conditions and analytical columns were tested, selecting a Hypersild gold aQ column as the best option. Finally, the method was applied to the analysis of 45 urine samples, in which organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides (detection rates (DR) of 82% and 42%, respectively) and ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol (DR of 51% and 33%, respectively) were the most detected compounds. The proposed analytical method involves the simultaneous determination of a diverse set of pesticides and mycotoxins, including their most relevant metabolites, in human urine. It serves as an essential tool for biomonitoring the presence of highly prevalent contaminants in modern society.


Assuntos
Micotoxinas , Praguicidas , Piretrinas , Humanos , Micotoxinas/análise , Praguicidas/análise , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodos , Cromatografia Líquida/métodos , Piretrinas/análise , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos
3.
J Chem Ecol ; 50(7-8): 397-408, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38760625

RESUMO

Insecticide toxicity to insect herbivores has long been known to vary across different host plants; this phenomenon has been widely documented in both foliage-feeders and sap-feeders. Species-specific phytochemical content of hostplant tissues is assumed to determine the pattern of induction of insect enzymes that detoxify insecticides, but specific phytochemicals have rarely been linked to host plant-associated variation in pesticide toxicity. Moreover, no studies to date have examined the effects of nectar source identity and phytochemical composition on the toxicity of insecticides to pollinators. In this study, we compared LD50 values for the insecticide bifenthrin, a frequent contaminant of nectar and pollen in agroecosystems, in the western honey bee, Apis mellifera, consuming three phytochemically different monofloral honeys: Nyssa ogeche (tupelo), Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust), and Fagopyrum esculentum (buckwheat). We found that bifenthrin toxicity (LD50) values for honey bees across different honey diets is linked to their species-specific phytochemical content. The profiles of phenolic acids and flavonoids of buckwheat and locust honeys are richer than is the profile of tupelo honey, with buckwheat honey containing the highest total content of phytochemicals and associated with the highest bifenthrin LD50 in honey bees. The vector fitting in the ordination analysis revealed positive correlations between LD50 values and two honey phytochemical richness estimates, Chao1 and Abundance-based Coverage Estimator (ACE). These findings suggest unequal effects among different phytochemicals, consistent with the interpretation that certain compounds, including ones that are rare, may have a more pronounced effect in mitigating pesticide toxicity.


Assuntos
Mel , Piretrinas , Animais , Abelhas/efeitos dos fármacos , Mel/análise , Piretrinas/toxicidade , Piretrinas/análise , Compostos Fitoquímicos/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/análise , Inseticidas/toxicidade , Inseticidas/análise , Dose Letal Mediana , Néctar de Plantas/química , Robinia/química
4.
Biomed Chromatogr ; 38(11): e5992, 2024 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39189386

RESUMO

Corn is the second most widely farmed grain for human consumption. Low corn productivity due to damage caused by pests has led to using pesticides to control pest infestations. However, the uncontrolled application of pesticides on corn harms both environmental and human health. Accordingly, field experiments followed good agricultural practices to investigate the dissipation pattern and terminal residues of chlorfenapyr and methomyl in corn and compare the values with established safety limits. Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer coupled with the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe technique was used to analyze residues of chlorfenapyr and methomyl in corn. The average recoveries varied from 94% to 105%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 8%-13% for chlorfenapyr and from 99% to 111%, with RSDs of 10-16% for methomyl. Chlorfenapyr and methomyl residues degraded in corn following a first-order kinetic model, with an estimated half-life (t1/2) of 3.9 and 2.8 days, respectively, and significant degradation (91.4%-98.1.5%, respectively) after 14 days. Although the maximum residue limits of chlorfenapyr and methomyl for corn are yet to be formulated in Egypt, the long-term dietary risk for those pesticides was acceptable, with arisk quotient < 100%, according to the national assessments. These findings are required to guide the correct and safe application of these insecticides in Egypt.


Assuntos
Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Metomil , Resíduos de Praguicidas , Piretrinas , Zea mays , Zea mays/química , Metomil/análise , Metomil/química , Resíduos de Praguicidas/análise , Resíduos de Praguicidas/química , Piretrinas/análise , Piretrinas/química , Egito , Medição de Risco , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Limite de Detecção , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Inseticidas/análise , Inseticidas/química
5.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf ; 277: 116342, 2024 Jun 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38657457

RESUMO

Pyrethroids (PYs) are widely applied pesticides whose residues pose potential health risks. This review describes current knowledge on PY chemical properties, usage patterns, environmental and food contamination, and human exposure models. It evaluates life cycle assessment (LCA), chemical alternatives assessment (CAA), and high-throughput screening (HTS) as tools for pesticide policy. Despite efforts to mitigate PY presence, their pervasive residues in the environment and food persist. And the highest concentrations ranged from 54,360 to 80,500 ng/L in water samples from agricultural fields. Food processing techniques variably reduce PY levels, yet no method guarantees complete elimination. This review provides insights into the fates and exposure pathways of PY residues in agriculture and food, and highlights the necessity for improved PY management and alternative practices to safeguard health and environment.


Assuntos
Contaminação de Alimentos , Resíduos de Praguicidas , Piretrinas , Humanos , Agricultura , Exposição Ambiental/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Resíduos de Praguicidas/análise , Piretrinas/análise , Piretrinas/toxicidade , Medição de Risco , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise
6.
Mikrochim Acta ; 191(10): 570, 2024 09 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39218927

RESUMO

Loofah sponge-like carbon nanofibers (LF-Co,N/CNFs) were utilized as a carrier for Ru(bpy)32+, and then combined with CdS to create a novel solid-state electrochemiluminescence sensor capable of detecting trace amounts of fenpropathrin. LF-Co,N/CNFs, obtained through the high-temperature pyrolysis of ZIF-67 coaxial electrospinning fibers, were characterized by a loofah-like morphology and exhibited a significant specific surface area and porosity. Apart from serving as a carrier, LF-Co,N/CNFs also functioned as a luminescence accelerator, enhancing the system's luminescence efficiency by facilitating electron transmission and reducing the transmission distance. The inclusion of CdS in the luminescence reaction, in conjunction with Ru(bpy)32+, further boosted the sensor's luminescence signal. The resulting sensor demonstrated a satisfactory signal, with fenpropathrin causing significant quenching of the ECL signal. Under optimized conditions, a linear relationship between the signal quench value and fenpropathrin concentration in the range 1 × 10-12 to 1 × 10-6 M was observed, with a detection limit of 3.3 × 10-13 M (S/N = 3). This developed sensor is characterized by its simplicity, sensitivity, and successful application in detecting fenpropathrin in real samples. The study not only presents a straightforward detection platform for fenpropathrin but also introduces new avenues for the rapid determination of various food contaminants, thereby expanding the utility of carbon fibers in electrochemiluminescence sensors.


Assuntos
Carbono , Técnicas Eletroquímicas , Limite de Detecção , Medições Luminescentes , Nanofibras , Nanofibras/química , Medições Luminescentes/métodos , Carbono/química , Técnicas Eletroquímicas/métodos , Técnicas Eletroquímicas/instrumentação , Animais , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Compostos de Cádmio/química , Piretrinas/análise , Compostos Organometálicos
7.
Molecules ; 29(10)2024 May 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38792172

RESUMO

Pyrethroid pesticides (PYRs) have found widespread application in agriculture for the protection of fruit and vegetable crops. Nonetheless, excessive usage or improper application may allow the residues to exceed the safe limits and pose a threat to consumer safety. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop efficient technologies for the elimination or trace detection of PYRs from vegetables. Here, a simple and efficient magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) strategy was developed for the simultaneous purification and enrichment of five PYRs in vegetables, employing the magnetic covalent organic framework nanomaterial COF-SiO2@Fe3O4 as an adsorbent. COF-SiO2@Fe3O4 was prepared by a straightforward solvothermal method, using Fe3O4 as a magnetic core and benzidine and 3,3,5,5-tetraaldehyde biphenyl as the two building units. COF-SiO2@Fe3O4 could effectively capture the targeted PYRs by virtue of its abundant π-electron system and hydroxyl groups. The impact of various experimental parameters on the extraction efficiency was investigated to optimize the MSPE conditions, including the adsorbent amount, extraction time, elution solvent type and elution time. Subsequently, method validation was conducted under the optimal conditions in conjunction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Within the range of 5.00-100 µg·kg-1 (1.00-100 µg·kg-1 for bifenthrin and 2.5-100 µg·kg-1 for fenpropathrin), the five PYRs exhibited a strong linear relationship, with determination coefficients ranging from 0.9990 to 0.9997. The limits of detection (LODs) were 0.3-1.5 µg·kg-1, and the limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.9-4.5 µg·kg-1. The recoveries were 80.2-116.7% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 7.0%. Finally, COF-SiO2@Fe3O4, NH2-SiO2@Fe3O4 and Fe3O4 were compared as MSPE adsorbents for PYRs. The results indicated that COF-SiO2@Fe3O4 was an efficient and rapid selective adsorbent for PYRs. This method holds promise for the determination of PYRs in real samples.


Assuntos
Praguicidas , Piretrinas , Dióxido de Silício , Extração em Fase Sólida , Verduras , Extração em Fase Sólida/métodos , Dióxido de Silício/química , Verduras/química , Piretrinas/isolamento & purificação , Piretrinas/análise , Piretrinas/química , Praguicidas/isolamento & purificação , Praguicidas/química , Praguicidas/análise , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Adsorção , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Limite de Detecção , Resíduos de Praguicidas/análise , Resíduos de Praguicidas/isolamento & purificação , Compostos Férricos/química , Cobalto
8.
Environ Geochem Health ; 46(9): 318, 2024 Jul 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39001898

RESUMO

Bell peppers, a globally significant crop, face infestations from various pests. In a study, bell peppers were treated with deltamethrin, ethion, fenazaquin, and fenpropathrin at recommended and double the doses, repeated twice with a 10-day interval. The QuEChERS method underwent validation for linearity, matrix match, accuracy, and precision in bell pepper matrices for residue analysis. The limit of detection for the tested pesticides on bell peppers was 0.01 mg/L, with a quantification limit of 0.05 mg/L. Recovery studies showed a range of 94.80% to 102.80%. Initial deposits of deltamethrin, ethion, fenazaquin, and fenpropathrin on bell peppers at recommended doses were 0.371, 1.237, 0.617, and 0.640 mg/L, respectively, and at double doses were 0.712, 1.945, 1.221, and 1.189 mg/L, respectively. Safe waiting periods of 10, 11, 10, and 8 days were suggested for deltamethrin, ethion, fenazaquin, and fenpropathrin, respectively. The corresponding half-lives for the pesticides were 1.96, 1.79, 2.06, and 1.69 days, all following first-order dissipation kinetics. Dietary risk assessment indicated Hazard Quotients (HQ) below 1 and Theoretical Maximum Daily Intake (TMDI) below Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) and Maximum Permissible Intake (MPI) levels. Therefore, at their recommended doses, the pesticides were deemed safe for bell pepper cultivation.


Assuntos
Capsicum , Contaminação de Alimentos , Inseticidas , Resíduos de Praguicidas , Piretrinas , Capsicum/química , Resíduos de Praguicidas/análise , Piretrinas/análise , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Cinética , Medição de Risco , Humanos , Nitrilas/toxicidade , Nitrilas/análise , Exposição Dietética
9.
Environ Monit Assess ; 196(7): 656, 2024 Jun 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38916777

RESUMO

Previous research on pesticides in green tea mainly focused on detection technology but lacked insights into pesticide use during cultivation. To address this gap, a survey was conducted among Rizhao green tea farmers. The survey results showed that most tea farmers were approximately 60 years old and managed small, scattered tea gardens (< 0.067 ha). Notably, tea farmers who had received agricultural training executed more standardized pesticide application practices. Matrine and thiazinone are the most used pesticides. A total of 16 types of pesticides were detected in the tested green tea samples, with 65% of the samples containing residues of at least one pesticide. Notably, higher levels of residues were observed for bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, and acetamiprid. The presence of pesticide residues varied significantly between seasons and regions. The risk assessment results indicated that the hazard quotient (HQ) values for all 16 pesticides detected in green tea were < 1, suggesting that these residue levels do not pose a significant public health concern.


Assuntos
Resíduos de Praguicidas , Praguicidas , Chá , Chá/química , Medição de Risco , Praguicidas/análise , Resíduos de Praguicidas/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental , Humanos , Fazendeiros , Agricultura , Camellia sinensis/química , Piretrinas/análise , China , Exposição Ocupacional/análise
10.
Environ Monit Assess ; 196(9): 783, 2024 Aug 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39098866

RESUMO

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is the world's most widely consumed salad vegetable, and it is frequently treated with pesticides to prevent pest and disease outbreaks. Pesticide residues in food commodities impede trade and pose a major health risk. Prior to residue estimation, the QuEChERS approach was validated utilising criteria such as limit of detection, limit of quantitation, linearity, accuracy, and precision. The residues of carbendazim, cypermethrin, ethion, profenofos, quinalphos, and triazophos were examined using a Gas Chromatograph equipped with an Electron Capture Detector or a Flame Photometric Detector and a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a photo diode array. The initial deposits of carbendazim, cypermethrin, ethion, profenofos, quinalphos, and triazophos at the prescribed dose were 1.235, 0.407, 0.817, 0.960, 0.628, and 0.985 mg/kg, respectively, with a pre-harvest interval of 5.58-11.30 days. According to the consumer risk evaluation data, the Hazard Quotient is less than one, and the Theoretical Maximum Dietary Intake is less than the Maximum Permissible Intake and Maximum Residue Limit, both of which are considered safe for human consumption at the authorised dose.


Assuntos
Cucumis sativus , Contaminação de Alimentos , Organotiofosfatos , Resíduos de Praguicidas , Cucumis sativus/química , Resíduos de Praguicidas/análise , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Medição de Risco , Organotiofosfatos/análise , Triazóis/análise , Carbamatos/análise , Piretrinas/análise , Praguicidas/análise , Humanos , Exposição Dietética/estatística & dados numéricos , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Benzimidazóis , Compostos Organotiofosforados
11.
Anim Biotechnol ; 34(3): 738-745, 2023 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34559034

RESUMO

Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate and the cypermethrin is type 2 pyrethroid insecticide that are used for indoor and outdoor pest control. The present study aimed to investigate differential transcriptional profiling to identify the candidate gene associated with lung injury following exposure to chlorpyrifos and/or cypermethrin in a mouse model system. Swiss male albino mice (n = 24) were divided into three treatment groups (n = 6 each) that were given chlorpyrifos (2.76 mg kg-1 body weight), cypermethrin (2 mg kg-1 body weight) and the combination of both pesticides orally dissolved in corn oil and one control group (n = 6) that received corn oil for 90 days. The pulmonary expression of the Apaf1 was observed using RT2 Profiler PCR Array. The results showed that chronic exposure to chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and their combination downregulated (67, 63 and 66 genes) and upregulated (4, 2 and 2 genes), respectively. The pulmonary expression of Apaf1 that plays important role in apoptosis was found to be downregulated. The immunohistochemistry depicted reduced expression of Apaf1 in both airway epithelium and alveolar septa following exposure to chlorpyrifos and/or cypermethrin. In conclusion, results demonstrated that exposure to chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and their combination cause lung damage by the dysregulation of Apaf1 gene expression.


Assuntos
Clorpirifos , Piretrinas , Camundongos , Masculino , Animais , Clorpirifos/toxicidade , Clorpirifos/análise , Regulação para Baixo , Óleo de Milho/análise , Piretrinas/toxicidade , Piretrinas/análise , Pulmão
12.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol ; 84(3): 318-331, 2023 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36877224

RESUMO

Pesticides are products developed to prevent, destroy, repel or control certain forms of plant or animal life that are considered to be pests. However, now they are one of the critical risk factors threatening the environment, and they create a significant threat to the health of children. Organophosphate (OP) and pyrethroid (PYR) pesticides are widely used in Turkey as well as all over the world. The main focus of this presented study was to analyze the OP and PYR exposure levels in urine samples obtained from 3- to 6-year-old Turkish preschool children who live in the Ankara (n:132) and Mersin (n:54) provinces. In order to measure the concentrations of three nonspecific metabolites of PYR insecticides and four nonspecific and one specific metabolite of OPs, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses were performed. The nonspecific PYR metabolite 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) found in 87.1% of samples (n = 162) and the specific OP metabolite 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY) found in 60.2% of samples (n = 112) were the most frequently detected metabolites in all urine samples. The mean concentrations of 3-PBA and TCPY were 0.38 ± 0.8 and 0.11 ± 0.43 ng/g creatinine, respectively. Although due to the large individual variation no statistically significant differences were found between 3-PBA (p = 0.9969) and TCPY (p = 0.6558) urine levels in the two provinces, significant exposure differences were determined both between provinces and within the province in terms of gender. Risk assessment strategies performed in light of our findings do not disclose any proof of a possible health problems related to analyzed pesticide exposure in Turkish children.


Assuntos
Inseticidas , Praguicidas , Piretrinas , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Praguicidas/análise , Piretrinas/análise , Organofosfatos , Monitoramento Biológico , Cromatografia Líquida , Turquia , Exposição Ambiental/análise , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Inseticidas/análise
13.
Molecules ; 28(2)2023 Jan 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36677638

RESUMO

Chlorfenapyr, as a highly effective and low-toxicity insect growth regulation inhibitor, has been used to control cross-cruciferous vegetable pests. However, the pesticide residue caused by its application threatens human health. In this paper, the residue digestion and final residue of chlorfenapyr in radish were studied in a field experiment. The results of the dynamic digestion test showed that the half-life of chlorfenapyr in radish leaves ranged from 6.0 to 6.4 days, and the digestion rate was fast. The median residual values of chlorfenapyr in radish and radish leaves at 14 days after treatment were 0.12 and 3.92 mg/kg, respectively. The results of the dietary intake risk assessment showed that the national estimated daily intake (NEDI) of chlorfenapyr in various populations in China were 0.373 and 5.66 µg/(kg bw·d), respectively. The risk entropy (RQ) was 0.012 and 0.147, respectively, indicating that the chronic dietary intake risk of chlorfenapyr in radish was low. The results of this study provided data support and a theoretical basis for guiding the scientific use of chlorfenapyr in radish production and evaluating the dietary risk of chlorfenapyr in vegetables.


Assuntos
Inseticidas , Resíduos de Praguicidas , Piretrinas , Raphanus , Humanos , Piretrinas/análise , Resíduos de Praguicidas/análise , Medição de Risco , Inseticidas/análise
14.
Analyst ; 147(9): 1995-2007, 2022 May 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35420604

RESUMO

Pyrethroids and neonicotinoids are widely used insecticides. However, their residues have unfavorable effects on ecological systems. Magnetic solid phase extraction is a reliable pretreatment method for a better detection of insecticides at low concentrations. In this work, amino- and carboxyl-functionalized magnetic KIT-6 were designed according to the electron-accepting groups of pyrethroid molecules and electron-donating groups with neonicotinoid structures. The characterization of these two materials was conducted using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis, etc. The aminated composite was applied to the magnetic solid phase extraction of pyrethroid insecticides while the carboxylic one was applied to neonicotinoids, and the adsorption effects were comprehensively compared for the first time. The material dosage, solution pH, and some factors that influenced the recovery were studied and optimized. The adsorption processes of the materials were all spontaneous and exothermic. They also fitted well with pseudo-second order kinetics and Langmuir adsorption isotherms. Both physical (pore function) and chemical (electrostatic interaction) adsorption mechanisms were present in the process. The two nanocomposites were then successfully used to enrich the two kinds of insecticides in environmental water samples. The proposed method has great application potential for insecticide monitoring in complex environmental samples.


Assuntos
Inseticidas , Piretrinas , Adsorção , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Inseticidas/análise , Fenômenos Magnéticos , Neonicotinoides/análise , Piretrinas/análise , Dióxido de Silício/química , Extração em Fase Sólida/métodos , Água/análise
15.
Biomed Chromatogr ; 36(2): e5267, 2022 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34654060

RESUMO

To evaluate the residual levels of bifenthrin and dinotefuran, a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous detection of bifenthrin and dinotefuran and its major metabolites in wheat was developed and validated. Dietary risk assessments were further performed based on the relevant residual data from 12 wheat fields, toxicology data and dietary patterns. In wheat grain and straw, the recoveries of all analytes ranged from 77 to 102% with the relative standard deviation <9.7% and the limit of quantitation 0.05 mg kg-1 . The highest terminal residue of bifenthrin in wheat grain was 0.069 mg kg-1 and dinotefuran was 0.34 mg kg-1 . Residual concentrations of bifenthrin and dinotefuran decreased to <0.05 and 0.15 mg kg-1 at 21 days (pre-harvest interval), respectively. The chronic risk quotient ranged from 6.4 to 62.7% and the acute risk quotient varied from 0.38 to 17.73%. The chronic and acute dietary risks caused by the terminal residues of the two insecticides were negligible for Chinese populations. The recommended pre-harvest interval was proposed to ensure safe wheat consumption. These data could provide a scientific reference to establish the Chinese maximum residue limit of dinotefuran in wheat.


Assuntos
Guanidinas/análise , Neonicotinoides/análise , Nitrocompostos/análise , Resíduos de Praguicidas/análise , Piretrinas/análise , Triticum/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Dieta , Medição de Risco , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodos
16.
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol ; 108(4): 768-778, 2022 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35137245

RESUMO

This study developed a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) procedure for determining seven pyrethroid pesticide residues in tea, cucumber, and tomato via high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The overall average recoveries of the seven pyrethroids were 72%-104% (relative standard deviation (RSD); 2.0%-16.1%, 89%-109% (RSD; 0.7%-17.3%), 82%-110% (RSD; 1.6%-17.1%) for tea, cucumber and tomato, respectively. The determination coefficient (R2), the limit of detection (LOD), and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were ≥ 0.99, 0.007-1.875 µg kg-1, and 0.025-6.250 µg kg-1, respectively. The method was successfully used to monitor the pyrethroid pesticide residues in market samples. HPLC-MS/MS rapidly, sensitively, and accurately determined the pyrethroid pesticide residues.


Assuntos
Inseticidas , Resíduos de Praguicidas , Piretrinas , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Inseticidas/análise , Limite de Detecção , Resíduos de Praguicidas/análise , Piretrinas/análise , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodos , Chá/química , Verduras/química
17.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; 47(6): 1421-1426, 2022 Mar.
Artigo em Zh | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35347938

RESUMO

The present study counted the frequency of detection technologies and monitoring frequency of pesticide species by frequency analysis based on the 28 258 pieces of data on pesticide content of Chinese medicinal materials in CNKI, calculated the detection rate and exceeding rate of different types of pesticides, and systematically analyzed the pesticide residue pollution of Chinese medicinal materials. The results showed that there were 40 types of pesticides with detection rates higher than 10%, where new pesticides such as organochlorines and nicotine accounted for 55%, and organic phosphorus, pyrethroids, and carbamates accounted for 17.5%, 15.0%, and 12.5%, respectively. Seventeen types of pesticides exceeded the standard to varying degrees, including 12 types(70.59%) with exceeding rates not higher than 5%, four types(23.53%) with exceeding rates in the range of 5%-10%, and one type(5.88%) with an exceeding rate higher than 10%. As revealed by the analysis results of the past five years, the pesticide residue pollution of Chinese medicinal materials showed a downward trend. Compared with the conditions at worst, organochlorines decreased by about 2/3 in detection rate and 47.23% in exceeding rate, carbamates by about 1/2 in detection rate and 10.78% in exceeding rate, organic phosphorus by 3/4 in detection rate and 7.22% in exceeding rate, pyrethroids by 1/2 in detection rate and 11.05% in exceeding rate, and other types by about 1/2 in detection rate but not exceeded the standard. In general, pesticide residues in Chinese medicinal materials and safety have been significantly improved. However, pesticide residues are still important factors affecting the quality and safety of Chinese medicinal materials. It is suggested to further improve the control standards of pesticide residues in Chinese medicinal materials, strengthen the monitoring of pesticides used in practical production, and promote the ecological planting mode to facilitate the high-quality development of the Chinese medicinal material industry.


Assuntos
Hidrocarbonetos Clorados , Resíduos de Praguicidas , Praguicidas , Piretrinas , China , Hidrocarbonetos Clorados/análise , Resíduos de Praguicidas/análise , Praguicidas/análise , Piretrinas/análise
18.
J Mol Recognit ; 34(10): e2900, 2021 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33949010

RESUMO

In this study, the rGO-PEI-AgNPs sensor was designed as a new effective platform to sensitive monitoring of deltamethrin in human plasma samples. For this purpose, reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-supported polyethylenimine (PEI) was used as a suitable substrate for dispersion of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as amplification and catalytic element. Therefore, a novel interface (rGO-PEI-AgNPs) was prepared by the fully electrochemical method on the surface of glassy carbon electrodes. The engineered nano-sensor showed a wide dynamic range of 10 nM to 1 mM and low limit of quantification (LLOQ) as 10 nM in human plasma sample, which revealed excellent analytical performance for the recognition of deltamethrin with high sensitivity and reproducibility through differential pulse voltammetry and square wave voltammetry techniques. The results confirm that rGO-PEI-AgNPs as a novel biocompatible interface can provide appropriate, reliable, affordable, rapid, and user-friendly diagnostic tools in the detection of deltamethrin in human real samples.


Assuntos
Técnicas Eletroquímicas/métodos , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Nitrilas/análise , Praguicidas/análise , Piretrinas/análise , Líquidos Corporais/química , Técnicas Eletroquímicas/instrumentação , Eletrodos , Desenho de Equipamento , Grafite/química , Humanos , Cinética , Limite de Detecção , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Nitrilas/sangue , Praguicidas/sangue , Polietilenoimina/química , Piretrinas/sangue , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Prata/química
19.
Chem Res Toxicol ; 34(9): 2045-2053, 2021 09 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34436867

RESUMO

Synthetic pyrethroids are frequently detected as trace contaminants in sediment and natural waters. Because of the importance of measuring both total and freely available concentrations for ecotoxicity evaluations, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using negative chemical ionization (NCI-GC-MS) was investigated as an analytical technique. Automated SPME-NCI-GC-MS quantification of freely dissolved (and thus potentially bioavailable) pyrethroids in aqueous samples containing dissolved organic matter (DOM) was successfully applied. The introduction of stable isotope-labeled pyrethroid calibration standards into the water sample allows for the simultaneous determination of total concentrations. Because pyrethroids adsorb rapidly to container walls (especially in calibration standard solutions without DOM) it was necessary to develop a technique to minimize the resulting time-dependent losses from calibration standard solutions in autosampler vials as they await analysis. A staggered preparation of these analytical calibration standards immediately prior to analysis was shown to ameliorate this problem. The developed method provides accurate and reproducible results for aqueous samples containing a range of dissolved organic matter concentrations (e.g., sediment pore water or sediment/water mixtures) and yields practical benefits in comparison to conventional analysis methods, such as reduced sample volume requirements, reduced solvent consumption, and fewer sample manipulations, and makes simultaneous measurements of freely dissolved/bioavailable pyrethroids and total pyrethroids possible.


Assuntos
Piretrinas/análise , Poluentes do Solo/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Sedimentos Geológicos/análise , Limite de Detecção , Lagoas/análise , Piretrinas/isolamento & purificação , Poluentes do Solo/isolamento & purificação , Microextração em Fase Sólida/métodos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/isolamento & purificação
20.
Malar J ; 20(1): 433, 2021 Nov 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34758840

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying of insecticides are used as the vector control interventions in the fight against malaria. Measuring the actual amount of deposits of insecticides on bed nets and walls is essential for evaluating the quality and effectiveness of the intervention. A colorimetric "Test Kit" designed for use as a screening tool, able to detect the type II pyrethroids on fabrics and sprayed walls, was used for the first time to detect deltamethrin on long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) deployed on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. METHODS: LLINs were analysed using the colorimetric Test Kit performed in situ, which leads to the formation of an orange-red solution whose depth of colour indicates the amount of type II pyrethroid on the net. The kit results were validated by measuring the amount of extracted insecticide using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection (DAD). RESULTS: Deltamethrin concentration was determined for 130 LLINs by HPLC-DAD. The deltamethrin concentration of these nets exhibited a significant decrease with the age of the net from 65 mg/m2 (< 12 months of use) to 31 mg/m2 (> 48 months; p < 0.001). Overall, 18% of the nets being used in households had < 15 mg/m2 of deltamethrin, thus falling into the "Fail" category as assessed by the colorimetric Test Kit. This was supported by determining the bio-efficacy of the nets using the WHO recommended cone bioassays. The Test Kit was field evaluated in situ and found to be rapid, accurate, and easy to use by people without laboratory training. The Test Kit was shown to have a reliable linear relationship between the depth of colour produced and deltamethrin concentration (R2 = 0.9135). CONCLUSION: This study shows that this colorimetric test was a reliable method to assess the insecticidal content of LLINs under operational conditions. The Test Kit provides immediate results and offers a rapid, inexpensive, field-friendly alternative to the complicated and costly methods such as HPLC and WHO cone bioassays which also need specialist staff. Thus, enabling National Malaria Control Programmes to gain access to effective and affordable monitoring tools for use in situ.


Assuntos
Colorimetria/normas , Mosquiteiros Tratados com Inseticida/normas , Inseticidas/análise , Nitrilas/análise , Piretrinas/análise , Animais , Bioensaio , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Guiné Equatorial , Feminino , Humanos , Ilhas , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de Tempo
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