[The current methods for the prevention, diagnosis and surgical treatment of the adhesive complications of peritonitis in children]. / Sovremennye metody profilaktiki, diagnostiki i khirurgicheskogo lecheniia spaechnykh oslozhnenii peritonita u detei.

The paper is based on clinical and experimental findings of one of the postoperative complications of purulent peritonitis, namely adhesion formation. The authors consider that impaired cytodynamic relationship in the focus of peritonitis concurrent with gastrointestinal paresis underlie the pathogenesis of the above-mentioned complication. In this connection, the authors propose a set of anti-adhesive measures, which involves prodigiosane cytomodulation and differential treatment of enteroparesis. Intestinal ultrasonic echocardiography was used for diagnostic purposes. Laparoscopy was employed in the surgical treatment of adhesive complications of peritonitis, which allowed relaparotomy to be eliminated or its traumaticity to be reduced to a great extent. There were no deaths and relapses of adhesive disease.

[Use of prodigiozan and tactivin for treatment of patients with chronic Klebsiella infections]. / Ispol'zovanie prodigiozana i taktivina v lechenii bol'nykh khronicheskimi klebsiellezami.

Two-stage immunocorrection in patients with chronic Klebsiella infections by consecutive administration of prodigiozan and tactivin, has been shown to facilitate the restoration of the balance of immunoregulating cells, to enhance proliferative response to T- and B-mitogens, thus producing favorable clinical dynamics. The possibility of chronic Klebsiella infections therapy, based on the use of immunocorrecting preparations (prodigiozan and tactivin) and antibiotics capable of intracellular penetration (sumamed and cyprofloxacin) is discussed.

[Suppurative-destructive complications of acute pneumonia and the principles of their treatment]. / Gnoino-destruktivnye oslozhneniia ostrykh pnevmonii i printsipy ikh lecheniia.

Peculiarities in the development and course of purulent complications in patients with acute pneumonia require a differentiated approach to therapy. The control of clinicoroentgenological stages of the abscess formation of pneumonia taking account of the peculiarities of a purulent process in each patient permits one to resort to differentiated therapy and to plan therapeutic measures until a complete cure of a patient. Effective treatment of a patient with lung suppuration is based on the suppression of purulent infection by massive antibiotics therapy combined with measures aimed at enhancing the defence activity of the body. Of paramount importance at the final stage of therapy is stimulation of reparative processes in the zone of destruction with physical therapeutic factors. Physiotherapy employed in combination with therapeutic measures raises the recurrences and change into a chronic state. Patients after pulmonary abscess formation should be followed up for 1.5-2 yrs.

[Value of determining the spectrum of blood serum fatty acids in evaluating increasing the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy of dysentery in children with prodigiozan and ephedrine]. / Znachenie opredeleniia spektra zhirnykh kislot syvorotki krovi pri otsenke povysheniia èffektivnosti antibiotikoterapii prodigiozanom i efedrinom pri disenterii u detei.

One hundred and ninety one children with acute Sonne and Flexner dysentery were observed with respect to the disease process, immunity indices and blood serum fatty acid spectrum. 104 children were treated with monomycin alone and 87 children were treated with the antibiotic in combination with prodigiozan and ephedrine as immunostimulators. It was shown that the recovery terms in the patients treated with the use of the immunostimulators decreased as compared to the patients treated with the antibiotic alone. The fatty acid spectrum in the children treated with the use of the immunostimulators differed from that in the children treated without them by low levels of fatty acids of the C12:0 to C18:1 composition.

[Evaluation of liposomal forms of rifampicin and prodigiozan in the treatment of experimental chronic tonsillitis]. / Otsenka liposomal'nykh form rifampitsina i prodigiozana pri lechenii éksperimental'nogo khronicheskogo tonzillita.

Therapeutic effect of liposomal dosages of rifampicin and prodigiozan was studied on rabbits with simulated chronic tonsillitis in comparison to that of commercial ones of the drugs. The treatment schemes included daily intra-tonsillar++ injections of the dosage forms for 5 days. A high efficacy of their liposomal dosage forms in treatment of experimental chronic tonsillitis was confirmed microbiologically and immunologically. Approval of the liposomal dosage forms used in the therapy of patients with chronic tonsillitis requires clinical trials.

[Effectiveness of various programs of immunocorrective therapy in chronic infectious-inflammatory diseases]. / Effektivnost' razlichnykh skhem immunokorrigiruiushchei terapii khronicheskikh infektsionno-vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii.

An immunological study of patients with chronic pneumonia, osteomyelitis, pyoderma and candidosis showed various changes in cellular immunity values within each nosological group of examined patients. The efficacy of levamisole therapy was higher in the group of patients where an increase in the number of E-rosette forming cells and NBT-test values by more than 10% was noted in vitro in the presence of 10 micrograms/ml of levamisole as opposed to patients with a less increase in these values or their decrease. Nonspecific immunotherapy (levamisole, prodigiosan) following specific immunotherapy (staphylococcal anatoxins and antiphagin or autovaccines) proved to be more effective in the treatment of patients with chronic infectious inflammatory diseases than the reverse sequence of immunotherapy courses.

[Antibiotic therapy of Salmonella infection in infants during the first year of life and methods if its correction]. / Antibiotikoterapiia sal'monelleza u detei pervogo goda zhizni i metody ee korrektsii.

The efficacy of antibiotic therapy of salmonellosis was studied and functional activity of peripheral blood leukocytes from electron microscopic data was estimated in 200 infants. It was shown that the use of antibiotics in combination with immunostimulants such as leukocyte mass, lysozyme and prodigiozan in complex therapy of salmonellosis in infants had a favourable effect on both the time course of the clinical signs and the functional state of the neutrophil leukocytes. The duration of the treatment decreased by 6.14 +/- 0.34 days and repeated isolation of the pathogen from the host appeared to be less frequent.

[Antibiotic therapy of acute dysentery in children with immunologic deficiency conditions]. / Antibiotikoterapiia ostroi dizenterii pri immunodefitsitnom sostoianii organizma u detei.

One hundred children with acute Sonnei and flexneri dysentery were followed up with respect to the infection process and main immunity indices. In 32 children the immunity indices were physiological (group 1) and in 68 children secondary immune deficiency was observed (group 2). The children were treated with aminoglycoside antibiotics and prodigiozan and it was stated that the time of recovery in the children with immune deficiency was longer by 5.2 days as compared to that in the children without immune deficiency. In the children with immune deficiency the combined use of one of the aminoglycosides, prodigiozan and lysozyme, led to a reduction of the host immunological reactivity and recovery within the same periods as those recorded for children with the physiological immunity status. It is recommended to use the antibiotic combination with prodigiozan and lysozyme in the treatment of all the forms of dysentery in children with secondary immune deficiency.

[Effect of combinations of immunomodulators on phagocytosis]. / Vliianie kombinatii immunomoduliatorov na fagotsitoz.

The effect of levamisole, prodigiozan and lithium carbonate combinations on antimicrobial activity of blood neutrophils and peritoneal macrophages was studied on mice. The combinations were used in single doses. An increase in stimulation of phagocytosis with respect to staphylococci was observed after the use of prodigiozan in combination with lithium carbonate. Levamisole and lithium carbonate were antagonistic with respect to macrophagal phagocytosis. No advantage of the combined use of prodigiozan and levamisole to their use alone was shown.

[Use of the stimulants of nonspecific resistance in the complex treatment of infectious complications in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia]. / Primenenie stimuliatorov nespetsificheskoi rezistentnosti organizma v kompleksnom lechenii infektsionnykh oslozhnenii u bol'nykh khronicheskim mieloleikozom.

Effectiveness of three methods of infectious complication therapy in chronic myeloleukemia (CML) patients was studied. Group I patients (n = 20) received antibiotics, group II patients (n = 9) were given antibiotics with gamma-globulin, in group III antibiotics combined with individually selected immunomodulators were used. The highest effect was recorded in CML patients who received antibiotics combined with the immunomodulators that has led to normalization of cellular and humoral factors of nonspecific body resistance.

[Derepression of hepatocyte proliferation with changes in the functional state of the reticuloendothelial system]. / Rastormazhavanie proliferatsii gepatsitov pri izmenenii funktsional'nogo sostoianiia retikuloéndotelial'noi sistemy.

Experiments on rats and mice were performed to study the effects of different substances modifying RES functions on hepatocyte proliferation. It was shown that as early as 24 hours after Kupffer cell (KC) overloading with colloidal iron particles the number of hepatocytes in mitosis increased. The mitotic rate increased by 32 h and decreased between 48 and 72 h following iron injection. Forty-eight h after injection of latex particles the hepatocyte mitotic peak could be identified. Twenty-four and 48 h after zymozan injection DNA synthesis in sinusoidal liver cells correspondingly increased. Hepatocytes in mitosis appeared 5 days later, reaching the peak value after 9 days followed by a decrease 12 days after zymozan injection. The depression of the hepatocyte mitotic rate was also observed 9 days after BCG and 15 days after prodigiozan injection. The data are suggestive of the importance of KC as potential inducers of hepatocyte proliferation.

[Combined use of prodigiozan and methyluracil with immunosuppressive drugs in adjuvant arthritis in rats]. / Sochetannoe primenenie prodigiozana i metiluratsila s immunodepressantami pri ad'iuvantnom artrite u krys.

The effect of the combined use of prodigiozan (0.5 mg/kg bw) prodigiozan with immunosuppressants on the development of adjuvant arthritis was studied on rats. The drugs were given during the prearthritis period from the 1st to the 16th day after injection of complete Freund's adjuvant. It was shown that the combined use of prodigiozan and cyclophosphamide (5 mg/kg) induced significant inhibition of the arthritis development and extraarticular signs of the disease. The efficacy of the combination was higher than that of cyclophosphamide alone. Azathioprine (4 mg/kg/bw) produced no immunosuppressant effect and did not influence the inhibitory effect of prodigiozan on the development of the adjuvant disease. Prednisolone (1.6 mg/kg) either did not inhibit the arthritis development. However, it eliminated the prodigiozan effect. Methyluracil did not change the effect of the immunosuppressants on the articular syndrome. Still, it increased the number of nodular affections in the animals treated with cyclophosphamide and prednisolone. The data obtained show the possibility of prodigiozan combination with certain immunosuppressants in autoimmune affections and confirm the suggestion that the inhibitory effect of this drug is mediated through macrophages.