The use of conformation-specific ligands and assays to dissect the molecular mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases.
J Neurosci Res
; 85(11): 2285-97, 2007 Aug 15.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-17497676
ABSTRACT
The use of conformation-specific ligands has been closely linked to progress in the molecular characterization of neurodegenerative diseases. Deposition of misfolded or misprocessed proteins is now recognized as a hallmark of all neurodegenerative diseases. Initially, dyes like Congo red and thioflavin T were used as crudely conformation-specific ligands for staining the beta-sheeted protein components of amyloid deposits in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease (AD) and prion disease, the two diseases in which protein conformations were distinguished early on. This conformational characterization of extracellular protein deposits with dyes ultimately led to the identification of key players in the disease processes. The recent discovery of intermediate conformational species, i.e., soluble oligomers for AD and PK-sensitive PrP(Sc) for prion disease, whose conformation and assembly are thought to be distinct from both the physiological and the fibrillar conformational states, replaced the former notion that the microscopic protein deposits themselves caused disease. This insight and the generation of conformation-specific monoclonal antibodies to these conformers further advanced diagnosis and the understanding of molecular mechanisms of AD and are likely to do so in other neurodegenerative diseases. Here we review how conformer distinction performed by a variety of different techniques, including biophysical, biochemical, and antibody-based methods, led to the current molecular concepts of AD and the prion diseases. We provide an outlook on the application of these techniques in advancing the understanding of molecular mechanisms of other neurodegenerative diseases or degenerative brain conditions.
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Colección:
01-internacional
Banco de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Química Encefálica
/
Péptidos beta-Amiloides
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Proteínas PrPSc
/
Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas
/
Ligandos
Tipo de estudio:
Diagnostic_studies
/
Prognostic_studies
Límite:
Animals
/
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
J Neurosci Res
Año:
2007
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Alemania