Total body irradiation and melphalan as a conditioning regimen for children with hematological malignancies undergoing transplantation with stem cells from HLA-identical related donors.

Although some studies have reported that TBI and MEL offer an effective conditioning regimen for autologous SCT in acute leukemia, little has been reported regarding outcomes of allogeneic SCT. We retrospectively evaluated outcomes for 50 pediatric patients who underwent allo-SCT conditioned with intravenous MEL (180-210 mg/m(2) ) and fractionated TBI (12-13.2 Gy) from HLA-identical related donors. Nineteen patients were in CR1, 18 were in CR2, and 13 showed advanced-stage disease (≥ CR3). Patients had received allo-SCT from HLA-identical siblings (n = 45) or phenotypically HLA-identical family donors (n = 5). Median duration of follow-up for all disease-free patients was 61 months (range, 8.8-177 months). At the time of analysis, 12 patients had died. Eleven of those died of relapse, and one died of TRM. DFS rates for all patients, patients with AML (n = 12), and patients with lymphoid malignancy (n = 38) were 61.4% and 82.1%, respectively. DFS rates for CR1, CR2, and ≥CR3 cases were 89.2%, 88.1%, and 23.1%, respectively (p < 0.05). MEL/TBI for pediatric patients with hematological malignancies was associated with lower relapse rates and no increase in toxicity, resulting in better survival.